(完整版)初一英语名词讲解及练习

1、名词一、 名词分类：名词分为 普通名词 和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, i nsect, tiger 等；物质名词，女口 air, snow, bread, rice 等；扌由象名词，女口 glory, honesty, failure, education 等。 专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Che ng Du, Chi na, Obama,China Central Television 等。名词的两大考点：数与格二、 名词的数1.普通名词： 可数名词和不可数名词（1）可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词个体

2、名词：表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。A. 单数表示一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a 或 an。女口 a book （一本书）、an apple （一个苹果）、an orange （个橘子）等。B. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如 two pencils （两枝铅笔）、three weeks （三周）等。 集合名词： 表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。

3、 规则名词复数形式的构成词形复数形式的构成方法例词大多数名词在词尾加-S。（在清辅音后读s,在浊辅音及兀音后读z。）catcatsbook-booksdogdogsbagbagsboy- boys以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词在词尾加-es，读作iz。glassglassesmatchmatches以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词把 y 变成 i ,力口 -es,读作izcitycities但专有名词例外，直接在 y 后加-s,读作zCan adia nCan adia nsAmerica nAmerica ns以辅音字母 +o 结尾的名词一般直接加-es 读作z;tomatotomatoesp

4、otatopotatoes某些词例外，加-skilo-kilos, pia nopia nos, photophotos以兀音字母+o 结尾的名词直接加-s,但读作zzoozoosradioradios以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词有的直接加 -s,读作zroofroofs大多数要将 f 或 fe 变为 v,再加-es,读作zleafleaveswifewiveskni fe k nives yourself-yourselves不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点例词通过改变词内元音字母manmenfootfeettoothteeth mousemice （老鼠）通过在词尾加-en 或-

5、renoxoxen （牛） childchildren单复数形式相同a sheep two sheepa deertwo deer （鹿）a Chinesetwo Chinese （中国人）注意事项：只能用于复数形式的名词有:clothes, trousers, pan ts, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义：people, public, police特殊名词的讲解：people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加S。There _are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。There a

6、re fifty-six peoples in our coun try.我们国家有 56 个民族。clothes 等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例： My favorite clothes are pants.pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts scissors 等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of 表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。例: Your pants are blue. This pair of pants gmine.集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数；指成员时，谓语用复数。His fam

7、ily is a large family. 指整体His family likean imals. 指成员有的名词单复数意思不同：例：hair 和 fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。My hair is black.我的头发是黑色的。I like fruit .It s goo 我喜欢 you 果，水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式Homer Simps on has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits.他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词物质名词

8、： 表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名词： 表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health, happ in ess, help注意事项：1. 不可数名词没有复数变化，不能与 a/an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little 等词。女口 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词 来表述。用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数;然后要注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如:

9、one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice .ten kilos of apples.对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many ;对不可数名词的数量提冋要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如：I would like twoapples. How many apples would you like?I want some bread. How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water.How many g

10、lasses of water do you want ? 询问价格用 How much，女口：How much is the coat? How much are the coats?二.名词的所有格所有格的构成 ： 1. 有生命的名词 2. 无生命的名词有生命的名词（ 1）一般单数名词后加 s.如： my brothers book ， Jacks cat， the girls pen（2）以-s 结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加。如： the girls dormitory ， a teachers college注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加s.如：womens clothe

11、s.（ 3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加 s，如： Tom and Peters room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）（ 4） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加 s.如： Toms and Peters rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）无生命名词：无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of 名词”的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room （房间的窗户）a picture of the horse（一张马的照片）名词习题写出下列名词的复数形式：2. it _5. bag _8. family _3. zoo _6. exercise _9. bus

12、 _1. house _4. orange _7. brush _10. city _11. box _12. baby _13. class _14. factory _15. glass _16. dictionary _17. watch _18. woman _19. match _20. man _21. this_22. German _23. tomato _24. policeman _25. kilo _26. human _27. potato _28. Chinese _29. shelf _30. Japanese _31. leaf _32. American _33

13、. life _34. tooth _35. wife _36. foot _37. knife _38. sheep _39. half _40. child _41.tooth _42.mouth_二选择填空：1. I want to buy _.A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inksD. twobottles of inks2. They don t have to do_ today.A. much homeworkB. many homeworksC. many homeworkDmuch home

14、works3. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepDcow, sheeps4. June 1 is _ .A. children s dayB. children s DayC. Children s DayDChildren s day5. _ room is next to their parents .A. Kate s and Joan s B. Kate s and JoanC. Kate and Joan sDKate and Joan6. M

15、iss Green is a friend of _A. Mary s mother sB. Mary s motherC. Mary mother sDmother s of Mary7. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isDare, are8. I d like to have a glass of milk and _.A. two breadsB. two pieces of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread9. Many _

16、 are singing over there.child10. He boughtA. two pairs of shoesC. two pairs of shoe11. Mr. White has threeD. childrenssheeps, cowsD. bread14. - Whose room is this? - It D. Li Mings some tomato16. Here are some birthday cards with our bestD. hopesD. gardenroom is on the 5th floor.and Lily s19. Mum, I

17、 m quite thirsty. Please give meA. womanB. womenC. girlD.A. two orangeB. two bottle ofB. two pair of shoesD. two pair of shoeA. childB. childrenC.childs12. -Are these? - No, they aren t. TheyreA.sheep, cowsB. sheep, cowC. sheeps, cowD.13. There are manyin the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsA. Li MingB

18、. Li MingC. Li Mings15. Here arefor you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD.for her.A. wishB. hopeC. wishes17. I always go to thatto buy food on Sunday.A. shopB. parkC. zoo18.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and LilysC. Lucy s and LilyD. Lucy sorangesC. two bottles of orangeoranges20. 10. The ca

19、t caught two _ last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouseDmices21. I met some _ _ in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JanpanesesB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English22. There are two _ in the room.A. shelfB. shelfsC. shelfesD.shelves23. There are seven _ in a week.A. yearsB. monthsC. daysD.minutes

20、24. My father is a _ _. He works in a hospital.A. teacherB. doctorC. farmerD.writer25. - Excuse me, are you _ ? - Yes, Im from _Mary and KateD. two bottles ofA. Japan, JapaneseB. China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD. American,26. They are _ jackets.A. LucysB. Lucy27. What color is _ coat.A. PetersB. P

21、eter28. These are _ books.A. teacherssB. teachers29. They are _ ice creamsA. childrenB. childrens30. This is _ bag.A. Tom and PeterB.Toms and Peters31. Where are _ .32. Those are _ bags.s studentsB. students of the schoolA. driverssB. drivers33.This bag is _A. Marys and Toms B. Mary and Toms34.fathe

22、rs are coming.A. Marysand KatesB. Marysand Kate C.America35._ Howare these books? A. many B. much36. This pair of pants _ blue. I like _ very much. A. is, it B. are, them C. is, themD. are, it37._Howglasses of water do you want? A. many B.much38. This is _ .A. Mike and Jims bikeB. Mikes and Jim bike

23、 C. Mikes and Jims bikeD. Mike and Jimbike39. These are _ .A. Amy and Linglings roomB. Amy s and Linglings roomC. Amy s and Lingling s roDo.mAsmy and Lingling s room40. My _ _ big and my _ _ happy. A. family is family areB. familyis families are三根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of _ to do. (homework)2

24、. There are seven _ in a week. (day)3. How many _ can you see? (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _. (glass)5. There are five _ in the picture. (child )6. There are two_ over there ( bench)7. I like taking _ ( photo)8. l can see two_ standing there ( woman)9. There are two baskets of_ on the f

25、loor ( apple)10._ There are three( knife )11. How many_ (sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is some_ (food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.15. There are five_ (people ) in his family.16. Lets take_ (photo), OK?17. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The_(child) are playing games on the