2021届北京市东城区高三第一学期期末统一检测英语试题(解析版)

1、东城区2020-2021学年度第一学期期末统一检测高三英语本试卷共11页，共100分.考试时长90分钟.考生务必将答案答在答题卡上， 在试卷上作答无效.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.A school bus driver returned to college to become a high school history1 teacher, thanks to some 1students.C

2、layton Ward is a history lover. and as such,2the time he'd spend chattingwith students about their history classes as he3them to and from school.”After several of these discussions, some of the students would tell me they wanted me to be their4J' he said. "That small mention from those

3、kidsit5meand gave me the motivation to complete a goal I had started years ago. N6. Ward went to college after his high school graduation; but after a yean he had to leave and soon started driving buses. But he still valued_7. and talking withthe students on the bus route renewed his sense of passio

4、n for expanding and teaching young minds Ward enrolled （注册）at a community college in May 2019, and8to take hisclasses full time while also still driving his busMIt wasn't always9 I would drive my route in the morning and afternoon,take classes in between shifts and take night classes；1 he said.

5、”1 would think of those students and all the years I wanted to make this happen, and it helped me focus my energy. M”You wouldn't think that kids can do something like that, to give me the10and ambition to go back to school/* Ward said. "It's kind of crazy that such a small thing can ma

6、ke such an impact on your life. M1 A. energeticB. supportiveC. considerateD.generous2. A. enjoyedB. foundC.savedD. missed3. A. attendedB. watchedC. bussedD. trained4. A. driverB. adviserC.friendD. teacher5. A. aimed atB. stuck withC. occurred toD. calledon6. A. InitiallyB. ConsequentlyC. ApparentlyD

7、.Ultimately7. A. successB. communicationC. responsibilityD.education8. A. hesitatedB. offeredC. managedD.happened9. A. suitableB. hopefulC. luckyD. easy10. A. rightB. driveC. chanceD. freedom【答案】l.B2. A3.C4.D5. B6. A7. D&C9.D10. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学校公交车司机Clayton Ward在学生们的鼓励和支持下，完成 大学学业，成为一名高中历史老师

8、的故事。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一些学生的支持下，一统校车司机回到大学成为了一划高中 历史老师。A. energetic精力充沛的： B. supportive支持的：C. considerate体贴的；D. generous 大方的。根据后文倒数第二段 “I would think of those students and all the years I wanted to make this happen, and it helped me focus my energy."可知,在学生们的支持下,作 者重回大学，后来成为了一名髙中老师。故选B。【2题详解】考查

9、动词词义辨析。句意：Clayton Ward是一位历史爱好者，因此，他很享受开公交车接 送学生上下学时与他们聊历史课的时光。A. enjoyed享受，喜欢；B. found发现；C. saved 挽救：D. missed 思念，错过。根据前文“Clayton Ward is a history lowr"可知，因为 Clayton Ward是一个历史学科的爱好者，所以他很享受和学生们聊历史的时光。故选A。【3题详解】考查词动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. attended参加，出席：B. watched观看：C. bussed 用公共汽车运送；D. trained训练。根据文章第一句“A

10、schoolbusdnwr'可知,Clayton Ward 是一个学校公交车司机，所以此处表示他开公交车送学生上学。故选C。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在几次这样的讨论之后，一些学生会告诉我，他们想让我做他们 的老师。A. driver司机：B. adviser顾问；C. friend朋友;D. teacher老师。根据后文"and talking with the students on the bus route renewed his sense of passion for expanding and teaching young minds. v可知，孩子们

11、想要Clayton Ward成为他们的老师。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：那些孩子提到 那一点，一直萦绕着我，给了我动力去完成 我多年前就开始的目标。A. aimed at皆在：B. stuck with坚持，固执（想法等）； C. occurred to 突然想到：D. called on 要求，呼吁。根据后文 *gave me the motivation to complete a goal ” 可知，孩子们的提议一直在作者的脑海中挥之不去。故选B。【6题详解】考査副词词义辨析。句意：起初，Ward在髙中毕业后上了大学。A. Initially最初，起初：B. Cons

12、equently 因此:C. Apparently 明显地：D. Ultimately 最终。根据后文 w but after a year, he had to leave and soon started driving buses. ” 可知，最初 Clayton Ward 是上了大学的，后 来才去开公交车的。故选A。【7题详解】考査需词词义辨析。句意：但他仍然重视教育，在巴士路上与学生们的交谈重新激发了他对 拓展和教冇年轻思想的热情。A. success成功： B. communication交流：C. responsibility 责任：D. education教育。根据空后一句描述

13、和转折连词but可知，此处表示Clayton Ward 依然很重视教育的。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ward于2019年5月进入一所社区大学学习，他在设法全日制上 课的同时还开公交车。A. hesitated犹豫:B. offered提供：C. managed设法：D. happened 发生。因为还在开公交车，所以此处需用动词managed,表示设法全日制上课。故选C。【9题详解】考査形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不总是容易的。A. suitable合适的：B. hopeful有希望的；C. lucky 幸运的:D. easy 容易的。根据后文 “ I would drive

14、my route in the morning and afternoon, take classes in between shifts and take night classes"可知，要想兼顾开车和上课并不是一件容 易的事情。故选D。【10题详解】考查统词词义辨析。句意：你不会想到孩子们能做这样的事，给我动力和雄心回到学校。A. right权力； B. drive动力;C. chance机会：D. freedom 自由。根据空后 “It'skindof crazy that such a small thing can make such an impact on y

15、our life. ” 可知，孩子们的话给了 Clayton Ward动力和雄心，让他重返大学校|卅，并成为一需老师。故选B。第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题15分，共15分)A阅读下而短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Adolph Kiefer, a famous swimmer, (die) at the age of 98 in 2017. Kieferwas America's_12(old) living Olympic champion. He was the first in the world tobreak the one-minute mar

16、k in the 100-meter backstroke (仰泳)when he was a 16-year-old student. One year later, Kiefer won the gold medal in the 100-meter backstroke competition at the Olympic Games,_13(set) a record that would stand for 20 years.【答案】11. died12. oldest 13. setting【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了奥运冠军Adolph Kiefer的生平事迹。

17、11题详解】考査动词时态。句意：著名游泳者阿道夫基弗于2017年去世，享年98岁。分析句子并结 合全文时态可知，此处使用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填died.12题详解】考查形容词最髙级。句意：基弗是美国历史年纪最大的奥运会冠军。分析句子可知，前文提 及age of 98 in 2017可知，此处所述为年纪最大的奥运会冠军。故填oldest。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一年后，基弗在奥运会的100米仰泳比赛中获得金牌，创下了 20 年的纪录。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词won,此处使用非谓语动词形式，且逻辑主语 Kiefer与set之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作伴随状语。

18、故填setting.,【点睛】阅读下而短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。About 5 000 years ago. a strange circle of blue stones were set up in Britain. The stnicture has80 stones in all and each stone_14(weigh) about three tons. No one is sure_15built the structure. One of the most popular beliefs is that the Celts builtit.

19、Some even think creatures from another planet who visited Earth left it behind just16 (let) us know they were here.【答案】14. weighs15. who 16. to let【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国蓝色石头怪圈的由来。【14题详解】考査主谓一致和动词时态。句意：该结构共有80块石头，每块石头重约三吨。分析句子可 知，and前句时态为一般现在时，且后句主语为each stone,根据主谓一致原则，此处使用 一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填weighso【1

20、5题详解】考査宾语从句。句意：没有人确立是谁建造了这个结构。分析句子可知，be sure (of)是 固泄句型，of后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少人作主语，因此使用联系词who引导宾语从句。 故填who。【16题详解】考查动词不泄式。句意：有些甚至认为来自另一个星球的生物访问过地球，只是为了让我们 知道他们在这里而已。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词left,此处使用不左式to let非谓 语动词作left it behind的目的状语。故填to leto【点睛】C阅读下而短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever attended a Cinco de Ma

21、yo festival? If you iiave not. you do not know what you are missing. 17Spanish, the words cinco de mayo mean fifth of May. It is a dayfor the18(celebrate) of the fighting spirit of Mexican people. The festival_19（hold） both in Mexico and in parts of the United States, especially theSouthwest, _20_th

22、ere is a larger Hispanic population.【答案】17. In 18. celebration19. is held20. where【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了五月五日节的由来。【17题详解】考査介词。句意：在西班牙语中，cinco de mayo -词的意思是5月5日。分析句子可知， 此处表示在西班牙语中，因此使用介词in构成抽象地点状语，且位于句首首字母需大些。 故填1叽【18题详解】考查名词。句意：今天是庆祝墨西哥人民战斗精神的一天。分析句子可知，空前存在冠词，因此此处使用名词形式。故填celebrationo【19题详解】考查彼动语态与主谓

23、一致。句意：这个肖日在墨西哥和美国部分地区举行，特别是在西南部, 那里的西班牙裔人口较多。分析句子可知festival与hold之间为被动关系，因此使用被动 语态，且主语为单数，根据主谓一致原则可知使用is held。故填is held。【20题详解】考查左语从句。句意：这个卩日在墨西哥和美国部分地区举行，特别是在四南部，那里的西 班牙裔人口较多。分析句子可知，此处为泄语从句，先行词为the Southwest,在从句中地点 状语，因此使用关系副词where引导肚语从句。故填where.【点睛】第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所

24、给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑.ATo increase your chances of landing an assignment for a travel guidebook, you need to find out what the publishers are looking for. Here are links to their submission guidelines with a few special requirements and tips.FonorfsFonofs is a publishing company of both

25、 travel guidebooks and online content covering thousands of destinations worldwide Visit Fonors coni/about-us and near the bottom of the page you'll find "Write for UsM with information for submitting articles Do remember to attach a copy of one of your other works when contributing.77P: Fo

26、nofs always hires writers who live in the destinations they cover. So, its good to remember: While you may want to write about a foreign destination, more than likely youYe closer to being an expert about the place where you live.WorkmanWorkman publishes unique and unexpected travel guides such as I

27、. 000 Places to See Before You Die, and The Food Lovers Guide to Paris. Consider them if you're interested in writing a nontraditional travel guide You can find their submission guidelines at worknum com/work-with-us They require a typical nonfiction book proposal with a suggested table of conte

28、nts and author information A chapter of your other books is also required Send your submissions to submissions .77P: If they don't accept your article, you might be lucky enough to get feedback about why.Lonely PlanetWriters can get in touch with Lonely Planet by visiting their ”Become a Contrib

29、utor” page at Lx）nelyPlunet.coni/contnhute. At that page you'll find a form asking for a resume （简历）and links to your other writing, but there's also space for more travel-related information such as geographical knowledge and level of fluency in relevant languages77P: You'll find they a

30、lso accept articles for Travel News”. If they say yes, you may get another chance for a bigger job such as a guidebook For more information on publishers, please visit ContributorsD.21. This passage is mainly for.A. guidesB. writersC. travelersD. publishers22. Who may provide advice on how to improv

31、e articles?B. Workman.D. Contributors Digest.B. Nontraditional ideas.D. Previous writingA. Fonofs.C. Lonely Planet.23. What is required by all the companies?A. Geographical knowledgeC. Overseas experience 【答案】21B22. B 23. D【解析】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了三个岀版社接受文章的标准，岀版社网址以及一些特殊要求 和提示。【21题详解】推理判断题© 通过文章第一段&q

32、uot;To increase your chances of landing ail assignment for a travel guidebook, you need to find out what the publishers are looking for. Here are links to their submission guidelines with a few special requirements and tips.（为 了增加你得到编写旅行指南 工作的机会，你需要明白出版商想要的是什么。以下是他们网站的链接，其中有一些特殊要 求和提示。）”可以推知，本篇文章主要是

33、通过介绍一些岀版社，为作家提供机会。故选B 项。【22题详解】推理判断题 o 根据文章Workman 部分的小贴士"If they doiTt accept your article, you might be lucky enough to get feedback about why.（如果他们不接受你的文章，你可能会很幸运地得到 关于原因的反馈。）“可知BWorkman.可以就如何改进文章提供建议。故选B项。【23题详解】推理判断题。通过文章 Tonor's '部分'Do remember to attach a copy of one of your

34、other works when contributing.（请记住在投稿时附上您的其他作品的副本。）和"Workman"部分“A chapter of your other books is also required.（你的其他书籍的一章也是必需的。"以及"Lonely Planet"部分"At that page youll find a form asking for a resume （简历）and links to your other writings任那一页，你会看到一张要求提供简历和你苴他作品的链接的表格。）“可以推

35、知， 所有公司都要求作者有作品，即有写作经验。故选D项。Craig Foster, bare-chested was diving in bitterly cold waters off the southern-most tip ofAfrica when he saw her-an octopus hiding under a coat of shells and stones.Deeply attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creature. He kept coming back every day to the sam

36、e place where he first met her, trying to stay very still in her presence. For weeks she refused him: hiding in her home. or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack to escape. And then, after Foster's dogged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched him.In the documentary MMy O

37、ctopus Teacher*, this tender moment moves you in a way you never thought an octopus tentacle （触手）wrapped around a human hand could The nature documentary won Best Feature at the EarthxFilm Festival 2020.HIf you gain the trust of that animal over a period of months, it will actually ignore you to a c

38、ertain degree and carry on with its normal life, and allow you to step inside its secret world/1 Foster says in his documentary.We see her outsmarting a shark by riding on its back growing a new tentacle after surviving a shark attack, and finally wasting away after laying her eggs. ”The octopus sho

39、wed me many behaviors that were completely new to science," Foster says.After years of filming some of the planet s most dangerous animals, Foster was burnt out, depressed. and disconnected. MI was stniggling. My only way to heal felt like I needed to be in the ocean, my go-to happy place as a

40、child J he says.Completely involving himself in the underwater world has calmed his mind Over the years other animals have reached out to make contact, including dolphins, whales and even sharks ”But nothing has compared to this nce-in-a-lifetime* bond with the octopus/1 Foster says The octopus chan

41、ged Foster's life forever Foster says the octopus taught him that humans are part of the natural world, and not simply visitors. "Your own role and place in the natural world is the most precious gift we humans have received/' he says.24. Foster followed the octopus with.A. great patien

42、ceB. a professional goalC scientific curiosityD an adventurous spirit25. According to °My Octopus TeacherH. the octopus.A. enjoyed Foster's attentionB taught Foster surviving skillsC. placed trust in Foster graduallyD benefited from Foster's company26. What did Foster learn from the exp

43、erience?A. The natural world offers many gifts.B Humans belong to the natural world C The natural world never fails to impress.D Humans should protect the natural world.【答案】24A25. C 26. B【解析】本文是记叙文。文章通过讲述克雷格福斯特与章鱼之间的暧心故事，向我们展示了人类是 自然界的一部分。【24题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第二段"And then, after Fosters dogged pers

44、istence for 26 days, she reached out and touched him.（然后，在福斯特顽强坚持了 26天之后，她伸出触手摸了摸他。）" 可知，福斯特通过26天获得了章鱼的信任，这需要很大的耐心。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题o 通过文章第三段the documentary HMy Octopus Teacher0, this tender moment moves you in a way you never thought an octopus tentacle （触手）wrapped around a human hand could. T

45、he nature documentary won Best Feature at the EarthxFilm Festival 2020.（在纪录片我 的章鱼老师中，这个温柔的时刻以一种你从未想到过的方式打动了你，一只章鱼的触须缠 绕在人的手上，这部自然纪录片贏得了 2020年地球电影节的最佳影片奖。）”可以推知章鱼 通过接触，逐渐开始信任福斯特了。故选C项。【26题详解】细丫j理解题© 通过文章最后一段'Fie octopus changed Fosters life forever Foster says the octopus taught him that hum

46、ans are part of the natural world, and not simply visitors.（章鱼永远 改变了福斯特的生活。福斯特说章鱼教会他人类是自然世界的一部分，而不仅仅是游客。）“ 可知福斯特从这次经历中认识到了人类是属于自然界的。故选B项。Once small farmers in Masii, a remote village in Kenya have picked their crops. all they can do is wait until a buyer tnicks through The system works fairly well f

47、or beans and corn. but mangoes-the area otlier main crop-spoil （腐烂）more quickly. If the trader is late, they rot.mangoesObadiah Kisamgu、a farmer in Masii, estimates 40% of the village's mango crop is lost to spoilage But a simple coating could change that. A company, Smartlcch, has created a pro

48、duct that doubles the shelf life of fresh produce, enabling farmers like Kisaingu to access far-off, larger markets More time for fresh produce on grocers* shelves also means less food waste-a $2.6 trillion problem according to the United Nations* Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO）.James Rogers

49、. CEO of Smart Tech, who has a Ph. D in materials science, wanted to solve the problem for food much in the same way that oxide barriers preventing rust （锈）have achieved for steel. Fortunately, researchers have found when plants made the jump from water to land hundreds of millions of years ago. the

50、y developed cutin, a barrier which is made of fatty acids that link together to form a seal around the plant, helping keep water in.The cutin was such a grand strategy that today you'll still find it across the plant kingdom. Not that it's exactly the same solution across the board: An orang

51、e can last longer than a strawberry not so much because of the thickness of its skin, but because of the difference in the arrangement of those cutin molecules （分子）on the surface. SinartTech s challenge was first identifying the key components of cutin. After extensive trials, Rogers and his team de

52、veloped a natural and tasteless protective coating from plant material-stems, leaves and skins The product extends the sweet spot between ripening and rot. And best of all. the treated produce doesn*t require refrigeration.SmartTech traveled a long road to get here Il was six years from launch befor

53、e products applied with the substance were in stores Smart lech-treated fruits and vegetables are already in large grocery chains in Europe and the U S. and the company recently gained regulatory approval in several less developed countries in South America.fcfcSniartTecli lias huge potential to tii

54、ni poor farmers in Afiica mto commercial farmers," saysRogers. "That means more money in pockets, and more food in stomachs." But whetlier the company can cost-effectively reach small farmers in far-off areas still remains a challenge.27. The author mentions the small farmers in Kenya

55、 toA. stress their need for presen-ing produceB show their difficulty in harvesting cropsC evaluate their loss caused by slow transportD help express their wish to reach larger markets28. What can we learn about SmartTech's product?A. It is financially supported by FAO.B. It is intended to repla

56、ce refrigeration.C It is designed to thicken produce's skin.D It is based on plants' own defence system.29 What does James Rogers expect?A.To profit farmersBTo earn more money.C. To produce more food.DTo expand grocery chains.30. The main purpose of the passage is to.A.prove a theoryBpromote

57、 a productCintroduce a companyDpresent a technology【答案】27A28.D29. A 30. D【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一个公司研发岀了一种能使农产品保存的更好，从而为农民 谋利的技术。【27题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第二段 “Obadiah Kisaingu, a farmer in Masii, estimates 40% of the village's mango crop is lost to spoilage. But a simple coating could change that. A company,

58、 SmartTech. has created a product that doubles the shelf life of fresh produce, enabling farmers like Kisaingu to access far-off, larger markets.（Masii 的农民 Obadiah Kisaingu 估计,该村 40%的芒 果作物因腐败而损失。但一种简单的涂层可以改变这种状况。一家名为SmartTech的公司发 明了一种产品，使新鲜农产品的保质期延长了一倍，使Kisaingu这样的农民能够获得遥远 的食物，更大的市场）”可知，作物易腐烂，作者提到肯尼亚的小农场主是为了强调他们保 存农产品的需要。故选A项。【28题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第三段"Fortunately, researchers have found when plants made the jump from water to land hundreds of millions of y