2021届新高考英语二轮复习练习：专题强化练(三)_(四)——阅读理解之推理判断题(含解析)

1、专题强化练（三）阅读理解之推理判断题（限时25分钟）（单独成册）第109页 A（2020- ill东省第二次模考）Onc might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers.Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry.Every month s

2、ees the building of a new hotel somewhere, and every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the "last paradise（天堂）on earth "However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy.In those countries where there was a rush to

3、make quick money out of sea-side holidays, over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most.In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and e

4、ducation.Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise.In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent

5、exploitation（开发，开采）of precious trees and plants.Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism> but the people as well rapidly feel its effects.Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and aiiports： the old way of life goes.The one-time farmer is now the servant of

6、 some multi-national organization： he is no longer his own master.Oncc it was his back that bore the pain； now it is his smile that is exploited.No doubt he wonders whether he wasnl happier in his village working his own landThankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it ha

7、s towards those countries that receive its customers.The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside

8、 they visit but also its peopleThe way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies.Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the m

9、arket for these companies.If not, in a few years1 time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.语篇解读1本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现在一些地区旅游业的大力发展所带来的负 面影响。众所周知，旅游业可以给当地经济发展带来无限商机，尤其是一些欠发达国家和地 区，但是盲目无序地发展旅游业也会破坏当地的环境，改变人们的生活方式,所以要合理发 展旅游业。1 What does the author indicate in the last sent

10、ence of Paragraph 1 ?A. The Pacific island is a paradiseB The Pacific island is worth visiting.C The advertisement is not convincingD The advertisement is not impressive解析:推理判断题。根据第段"Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere r and every month another rock-bound Pacific island is ad

11、vertised as the 'last paradise on earth,.（每个月都会在某个地方新建一家酒店，每个月都会有一座被岩石环绕的太平洋岛屿 被宣传为'地球上最后的天堂）”可知,由作者的语气可以推知，这样的广告是不可信的, 另外据第二段首句的内容可知，这些广告已经没有什么说服力了。故选C。答案：C2. The example of Nepal is used to suggest.A. its natural resources are untouchedB its forests are exploited for farmlandC it develops

12、well in health and educationD it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 Tn fact f the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.（事实上，大自然很快就感受到了成 千上万的度假者穿越森林的影响）”可知,尼泊尔为了发展旅游业,对外开放了森林，然而大 自然很快就受到了旅游业带来的负面影响，所以用尼泊尔的例子说明这个国家正经

13、受着旅游 业带来的痛苦。故选D。答案:D3 Which of the following determines the future of tourism?A. The number of touristsB The improvement of servicesC The promotion of new productsD The management of tourism.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the coun

14、tries we all want to visit（未来十年旅游业的经营方式将决走其 命运，也将决走我们都想去的国家的命运）”可知,未来十年,旅游业的管理方式将决走旅游 业未来的命运。故选D。答案：D4 The author's attitude towards the development of the tourist industry isA. optimisticB doubtfulC objectiveD negative解析：观点态度题。综观全文可知，泾者既讲了旅游产业的负面影响，也讲了旅游业的 发展优势，所以，作者对旅游产业的发展持客观的（objective）态度。故选

15、C。答案:CB（2020-九师联盟 5 月联考）A young lawyer named Gabriel Massote, from Ubcrlandia, a city in southeastern Brazil> was diagnosed with blood cancer at age 26.He had chemotherapy（化疗）for almost a year.However, his cancer returned in a worse form, so he had to receive a bone marrow transplanted 移植）.Brazil

16、ian news medium Sempre Familia shared his story.lt said how over 1, 000 miles away, in a small town in the state of Rond6nia> an unemployed hairdresser named Elza dos Santos came across a series of posters near a supennarket in the city of Ariquemes and went to see what they were about.After lear

17、ning about the whole thing Elza signed up as a donor.Just, when the possibility of Gabriefs finding a match in the Bone Marrow Donor Registry in Brazil was about 1 in 100 , 000, he was blessed.In Ronddnia, Elza was informed her marrow was a match for that of a person in need of a transplant and she

18、didn't say no.She traveled to Rio Grande do Norte, on the opposite side of Brazih for the transplant.The first attempt didn't work.Elza was called again and she immediately made a second trip in order to repeat the process.Gabriel, now 35, concludes. uShe saved me twice and today my blood ce

19、lls are ElzHs. ”Deeply grateful, Gabriel wanted to find the donor. “When I met Elza and found out that she and her husband were unemployed and living in borrowed space, I was sure I should help them. ” The lawyer started a campaign online and soon 465 people donated about $28, 500.Thanks to this gen

20、erosity t Elza and her family bought a house“I was just a drop of water in the life of this young man, but today he's the whole ocean in my life, " Elza told Sempre Familia.语篇解读I本文是一篇记叙文。一位年轻的血癌患者接受骨髄捐赠之后得以治愈,并在 了解到捐赠者的困境后给予帮助以作为回报。5 What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?A. Blood

21、cancer is very common in BrazilB Elza learnt Gabriefs story accidentallyC It's impossible to find a donor who matches.D Elza hoped to get a great job in Uberlandia.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的"It said how over 1 , 000 miles away r in a small town in the state of Rondonia f an unemployed hairdresser nam

22、ed Elza dos Santos came across a series of posters near a supermarket in the city of Ariquemes and went to see what they were about.After learning about the whole thing r Elza signed up as a donor. ” 可推断 r Elza 是偶然知道 Gabriel 的 故事的。答案：B6. Why did Gabriel want to discover the identity of Elza?A. To st

23、art an online campaign.B To do something in returnC. To ask her to do another favo匚D To buy a house for her family.解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Deeply grateful f Gabriel wanted to find the donor. 'When I met Elza and found out that she and her husband were unemployed and living in borrowed space f I was sur

24、e I should help them.' ” 可推断 z Gabriel 想要了解 Elza 的身份是为了 回报她。答案：B7. Which of the following words can best describe Elza?A. Helpful and outgoing.B Kind and hard-workingC. Determined and confident.D Warm-hearted and grateful.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Tn Ronddnia , Elza was informed her marrow was a match for

25、 that of a person in need of a transplant and she didn't say no."及第四段中的八Elza was called again and she immediately made a second trip in order to repeat the process.'可推断，Elza 是 个热心肠的人；根据最后一段她说的话可推断,她怀感激。答案:D8. What is the best title for the text?A One Good Turn Deserves AnotherB Where Th

26、ere Is Hope, There Is LoveC It's Never too Late to Spread KindnessD God Helps Those Who Help Themselves解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主要内容是：一位年轻的血癌患者接受骨髄 捐献之后得以痊愈，在了解到捐赠者的困境后给予帮助以作为回报。由此可知，A项“善有善 报”是最佳标题。答案：AC（2020-深圳高三年级统测）Rivers are the veins of the Earth> transporting the water and nutrients（营养物）neede

27、d to support the planefs ecosystems» including human life.While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet arbon.Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way it moves and

28、the way it is either released or stored by the Earth system is a complex science in itself.Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, melts minerals in rocks.This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate（碳酸氢盐）in the water that

29、 then flows in our rivers.Tliis is a very long process, which is one of the main ways carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere.Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and once that carbon reaches the ocean, it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments（沉淀物）for millions of yearsAs carbon travel

30、s down a river, different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere.For example» human engineering, like extensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river.Some carbon that

31、 fails to reach the sea may return to the atmosphere in some way, which causes more warming.Earth's climate is closely related to the carbon cycle.We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide, but do we know enough about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course

32、 of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon. Remember: wherever we live, we all live downstream.语篇解读本文主要介绍了河流在吸收和贮存大气中的碳的过程中的巨大作用一一它 们能运输碳到海洋中从而使碳贮存在深海的沉淀物中，但是作者同时也指出，随意改变河流 的本来样貌会影响其运输碳的方式,进而影响地球气候。9 Where is the carbon in rivers originally from?A. The atmosphereB The rocks

33、.C The acid rain.D The upstream areas解析：细节理解题。根据第二殳第二句"Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain r which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere , melts minerals in rocks. ” 可知，当 含有来自大气中的二氧化碳的天然酸雨融化岩石中的矿物质时，碳就开始了它的下游之旅。 再结合该段第三句可知,河流里的碳最初来自大气层,故选A。答案：A10. Why is human engi

34、neering mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. To show how important carbon is to life.B To explain how necessary it is to build dams.C To show how a natural process is interruptedD To explain how humans fight global warming.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中的"For example .human engineering Jike extensive dam constructio

35、n "可知，作者提至U human engineering是为了将其作为一个例子来佐证该段第 句中的different processes may o the atmosphere"即碳的自然循环过程是怎样被人 类的活动中断的，故选c0答案：c11 What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?A. We'd better move upstream to liveB We should protect plants along riversC We'd better

36、seek more help from plants.D We should be cautious about river management.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句"Earth's climate is closely related to the carbon cycle."以及第三句"Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon."可知，改变河流的化学成分和流

37、向会对它们运输碳的方式产生重 大影响，进而影响地球的气候。由此可以推断出，在最后一段作者意在表明,我们应该谨慎 地对待河流管理问题。故选D。答案：D12. What is the best title for the text?A. What Humans Do with RiversB How Rivers* Transporting Carbon CountsC What the Carbon Cycle Means to UsD How Living Downstream Affects the Earth解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了河流在吸收、贮存大气中的碳的过程中的巨大作用 它们

38、能运输碳到海洋中从而使碳贮存在深海的沉淀物中，但是同时作者也指出，随意改 变河流的本来样貌会影响其运输碳的方式,进而影响地球。故B项最适合作本文标题。答案：B高级句式： While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet arbon. (Para.l)分析：while在本句中引导让步状语从句；transpor

39、ted by water in rivers为过去分词短语作 定语修饰 one element ； "that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet"为定语从句，修饰 先行词 one elemento译文：尽管许多养分对于生命的生存至关重要，但是在河流中水所输送的一种元素 碳是维持生命和地球未来的关键。难句分析：As carbon travels down a river, different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downst

40、ream or whether it is released into the atmosphere.(Para.3)分析：本句为主从复合句。"As carbon travels down a rive广为时间状语从句；"whether it continues to flow downstream"与"whether it is released into the atmosphere1 为 or 连接的两个宾语 从句，作动词impact的宾语。译文：当碳沿着河流前进时，不同的过程会对它是继续顺流而下还是被釋放到大气中产 生影响。专题强化练（四一阅读理

41、解之推理判断题（限时25分钟）（单独成册）第1H页 A（2020-安徽部分重点高三联考）Online programs to fight depression arc already commercially available.While they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that theyYe not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.

42、The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive（认识的）behavioural thcrapy（CBT）and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients received from a primary care doctor.Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression helping people ch

43、allenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their moods and behaviours.However. online CBT programs have gained in popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.A team of researchers from the University of York con

44、ducted a randomized（随机的）control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England .The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CB

45、T programs Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression < and use of antidepressams（抗抑有药）.After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients w

46、ho were only getting usual care from their doctors.“Its an important warning note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists, ” says Chris Dowrick, a professor of Primary Medical Care at the University of Liverpool. uWe do still

47、 need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed.“Being depressed can mean feeling lost in your own small, negative, dark world, ” Dowrick says.Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in fighting that sense of isolation

48、“ When you're emotionally fragile, you're even more in need of a caring human being, ” he says语篇解读本文主要介绍了最近的一项研究发现在线抗抑郁治疗方案效果不明显；文章还介绍了硏究人员逬行这项硏究的相关情况，并分析了造成这种问题的原因。1 What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?A. Patients may not be able to carry them through for an effective c

49、ureB Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.C They can save patients the trouble of visiting physiciansD. They have been well received by a lot of patients解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的" they're not effective.stick with them"以及第五 段第一句中的“had no improvement in depression lev

50、els'可知最近的研究表明 在实施在线CBT 治疗方案时,病人可能无法成功完成方案以获得有效的治疗，故选A。处家A2. What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?A. Their effectiveness in combating depressionB The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.C. Their easy and inexpensive access to patientsD The recommendation by primary care d

51、octors解析:细节理解题。根据第三段第二句A However z online CBT programs have gained in popularity , with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.M可知，在线CBT治疗方案越来越受欢迎是因为这些治疗方案费用低且病人很容易 就能获得治疗服务,故选C。答案：C3 What is Professor Dowrick's advice concerning online CBT programs?A

52、. They should not be neglected in primary careB Their effectiveness should not be overestimatedC They should be used by strictly following instnictions.D Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists解析：推理判断题。根据第六段第一句中的"wc shouldn't get too carried away.replace doctors and therapi

53、sts”并结合语境可知,Dowrick认为我们不能过于相信计算机系统能代替医生 和治疗师的观点。由此可以推知,Dowrick意在表明在线CBT治疗方案的效果不应该被高估。 故选B。答案:B4. Which is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?A A positive state of mind.B Appropriate medication.C. Timely encouragement.D. Human interaction.解析：推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句"Wc do still need.when

54、people are depressed和 第七段第三句中的 “When you're emotionally fragile r you*re even more in need of a caring human being”可推知,对一个情感脆的人来说，与他人交流更重要。故选D。答案:D词汇积累：Para. 1: efficient adj.高效的 effective adj.有效的 primarily adv.主要地 depressed “刃抑郁的；沮丧的engage with sb./sth.与某人/某物建立密切亲系stick with持续: 坚持 Para.3： gain

55、in popularity JF始流行 Para.4： practice /?.工作地点 duration n.持续时 间 Para.6： get carried away变得很激动：失去自制力 Para.7： reach out to sb.表示愿意提供 搂助高级句式：The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy(CBT)and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients

56、received from a primary care doctor.(Para.2)分析：本句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词。"that it was no more effective.from a primary care doctor'为宾语从句 作动词 found 的宾语 具中patients received from a primary care doctor5 为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the usual careo译文:这项硏究观察了计算机辅助认知行为疗法(CBT) ”发现它在治疗抑郁症方面并不比 通常的由初级保健医生提供的护理更有效。B(202

57、0-中原名校第四次质量评估)K kano means "seed" in M ori.For Jade Temepara, a M ori woman who was crowned New Zealand's Gardener of the Year in 2012> thought it means a lot more.Temepara owns K kano» a M ori restaurant and cooking school in Christchurch, on New Zealand*s South IslandEven a f

58、irst-time tourist to New Zealand will notice the presence of the M ori culture and language everywhere.Now, so many non-M ori young people learn the languagea trend that picked up after the passage of the M ori Language Act in 1987 hat it's not unusual to hear teens and twenty somethings of Euro

59、pean descent in Auckland asking their friends if they want to hang out and get some kai(food)late匚That's a striking contrast from several generations ago, when Neu- Zealand law banned M ori in schools, either in written or spoken fonn.While lemepara was happy to see the M ori language make a comeback, there were still parts of her native culture that were less present in New Zealand's daily life.She felt