高中英语语法虚拟语气

1、高中英语语法之虚拟语气高中英语语法之虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。熟读深思熟读深思朗读下列各句朗读下列各句, 特别留意主句和从句的特别留意主句和从句的谓语动词的形式：谓语动词的形式：1. If I were a bird, I could fly high in the sky.假如我是

2、只小鸟假如我是只小鸟, 我就可以在天空飞我就可以在天空飞翔。翔。虚拟语气在条件句中的使用虚拟语气在条件句中的使用2. If you left your car outside, someone would steal it.如果你把车放在外面如果你把车放在外面, 有有人会偷的。人会偷的。3. If it rained tomorrow, we would put off the sports meet.如果明天下雨如果明天下雨, 我们我们会将运动会推迟。会将运动会推迟。4. If she should fail again, we would not blame her. 要是她万一失败了要是

3、她万一失败了, 我我们也不会责怪她。们也不会责怪她。5. We would stay home if it were to rain tomorrow. 假如明天下雨假如明天下雨, 我们将我们将呆在家里。呆在家里。6. In the past, if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years, they would have stayed there until retirement. 在过去在过去, 如果一个如果一个人在一家公司工作超过人在一家公司工作超过20年年, 他就他就会在公司工作至退休。会在公司工作至退休。 虚拟语气表示与客

4、观事实不相符虚拟语气表示与客观事实不相符或者是不大可能发生的事，只是表达或者是不大可能发生的事，只是表达说话者的说话者的愿望、建议或假设愿望、建议或假设。请根据。请根据以上例句中虚拟条件句与主句的谓语以上例句中虚拟条件句与主句的谓语动词的形式，完成下表：动词的形式，完成下表：归纳总结归纳总结情况情况虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与现在事与现在事实相反实相反一般过去时一般过去时 (be用用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形与将来很与将来很可能事实可能事实相反相反一般过去式一般过去式+动词动词原形原形或或were to +动词原动词原形形或或should +

5、动词原动词原形形与过去事与过去事实相反实相反had +过去分词过去分词would/should/could/might + have+过过去分词去分词另外，有时虚拟条件句与主句发生的时间另外，有时虚拟条件句与主句发生的时间不一致，就构成不一致，就构成混合虚拟语气混合虚拟语气（即错综时（即错综时间虚拟语气）。如：间虚拟语气）。如： Ben Johnson would still be the 100 meters world record holder today if he had not been caught taking drugs in the 1988 Olympics. 本本约翰逊

6、如果在约翰逊如果在1998年奥运会年奥运会上没有被查出服用兴奋剂的话上没有被查出服用兴奋剂的话, 今天他还可今天他还可能是世界纪录的保持者。能是世界纪录的保持者。有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是用用without， with， but for(要不是要不是)等介词等介词短语，或者用短语，或者用but， or， otherwise等副词等副词或连词来表示虚拟条件，可称之为或连词来表示虚拟条件，可称之为含蓄条含蓄条件虚拟语气件虚拟语气。如：。如：I was so busy then； otherwise， I would have helped him.我当

7、时很忙，要不然，我我当时很忙，要不然，我会帮助他的。会帮助他的。We couldnt have finished it without Mary. 如果没有玛丽，我们是不能按如果没有玛丽，我们是不能按时完成这个工作的。时完成这个工作的。But for(=if it had not been for )your help, I wouldnt have been successful.要是没有你的帮助要是没有你的帮助, 我就不会成功。我就不会成功。高考题点击高考题点击1) You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. （96 N

8、） A. drovedidnt getB. had drivenwouldnt have got C. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get 2) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(02 上海) A. wouldnt have fallenB. had not fallen C. should fallD

9、. were to fall前句用的是陈述语气，表示过去发生的事；后句是虚拟语气，表示与过去相反。BB该句主句中用的是与现在相反的虚拟语气，而从句中使用的是与过去相反的虚拟语气。全句意思为“如果我不在七岁时迷上了我们家乡的 Melinda Cox Library，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。” 3、条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况、条件句中虚拟语气的特殊情况1)虚拟倒装句虚拟倒装句What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? (01 上海)A.Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fart

10、herC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther2) 错综条件句错综条件句If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A.asked would knowB. had asked would have knownC. asked him knowD. had asked would knowCD3) 介词短语表条件介词短语表条件 But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded. They wouldnt have reached the agreem

11、ent so easily without that common ground.4) 情境中提供虚拟语气情境中提供虚拟语气 Suppose there were no gravitational force, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.高考题点击：高考题点击： Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me. (

12、N 97) A. mustnt have arrivedB. shouldnt have arrived C. cant have arrivedD. neednt have arrivedC熟读深思熟读深思朗读下列句子朗读下列句子, 留意谓语的构成。留意谓语的构成。1. I wish I were rich.我恨不得我很富有。我恨不得我很富有。2. I wish I could fly like a bird.但愿我像但愿我像鸟一样能飞。鸟一样能飞。几种特殊的虚拟语气几种特殊的虚拟语气3. I wish you hadnt told me all this.我倒希我倒希望你当初别把这一切都告

13、诉我。望你当初别把这一切都告诉我。4. I wish I knew what was going to happen in the future.但愿我能知道将要发生什么事。但愿我能知道将要发生什么事。5. If only I could fly like a bird.要是我能像要是我能像鸟一样能飞就好了。鸟一样能飞就好了。6. If only they would tell me what theyve decided. 但愿他们能把决定但愿他们能把决定告诉我。告诉我。7. If only I had taken her advice. 要要是当时听取了她的建议就好了。是当时听取了她的建议

14、就好了。8. Li Ming speaks English as if he were an American.李明讲起英语来就像一个李明讲起英语来就像一个美国人似的。美国人似的。9. Id rather you knew that now, than afterwards.与其以后让你知道与其以后让你知道, 不如现不如现在就让你知道。在就让你知道。10. Id rather you hadnt told me the truth. 我宁愿你没告诉我真相。我宁愿你没告诉我真相。11. It is important that students (should) attend all the l

15、ectures. 所有所有的课学生都应该去听的课学生都应该去听, 这是很重要的这是很重要的12. They requested that the meeting (should) be postponed.他们请求推迟开他们请求推迟开会。会。13. It is time that we made/should decide a decision.是作出决定的时候了。是作出决定的时候了。 除除if引导的条件句中可用虚拟语气表引导的条件句中可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反或不太可能的情况外示与事实相反或不太可能的情况外, 以下句以下句型中的谓语动词也用虚拟语气型中的谓语动词也用虚拟语气, 有的用过去有的

16、用过去式表示式表示, 有的用有的用“(should+)动词原形动词原形” 表表示。示。1. wish后的宾语从句的谓语动词用过去式；后的宾语从句的谓语动词用过去式；2. if only引出的句子引出的句子, 其谓语动词用过去式其谓语动词用过去式;归纳总结归纳总结3. as if/as though引导的从句也时也用引导的从句也时也用过去式表示虚拟语气。过去式表示虚拟语气。4. would rather (that).后的从句谓语后的从句谓语用过去式；用过去式；5. it is important/necessary/strange that.从句谓语用从句谓语用“(should+)动词原动词原

17、形形”;6.order， insist， request， suggest等表示等表示“命令、坚持、要求、建议命令、坚持、要求、建议” 的词语之后的词语之后的名词性从句中，其谓语用的名词性从句中，其谓语用“(should+)动动词原形词原形”。suggest不表示不表示“建议建议”, insist不表示不表示“坚坚决要求决要求(某人做某事某人做某事)” 时时, 谓语动词不用虚谓语动词不用虚拟语气。拟语气。注意：注意：7. it is (high/about) time that.从句中从句中的谓语动词用过去式的谓语动词用过去式, 也可用也可用“should (不能省略不能省略)+动词原形动词原

18、形”。1.If I _ (be) you, I would do it in a different way.1. 与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反。2. If you had followed my advice just now, you _(be) fine now. 2. 与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反。一、动词填空一、动词填空werewould be3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ (score) a goal.3. 与过去事实相反。与过去事实相反。4. If I _(have) a

19、 million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.4. 与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反。would have scoredhad5. If I hadnt attended high school, I _ _(be) a student of an occupational school.5. 与过去事实相反。与过去事实相反。6. _(be)I to be a teacher in the future, first of all, I w

20、ould try my best to give students lessons, guiding them into a correct direction and arousing their interest in the subjects. 6. 将来可能性不大的假设。将来可能性不大的假设。wouldhave beenWere7. If I _(happen) to be present at the scene, first, I would have come to help the injured and sent him to the nearest hospital or

21、dialed 120 for help.7. 与过去事实相反的情况。与过去事实相反的情况。8. If the injured had been bleeding badly， I _(stop) the blood immediately using a bandage or a handkerchief if possible. 8. 与过去事实相反。与过去事实相反。had happenedwould have stopped9. If she had been warned earlier, she_ _(not break) the rules.10. I wish I _ (see)

22、her yesterday.11. The doctor ordered that she _ (stay) in bed for a few days.wouldnt have brokenhad seen(should) stay12. It is very important that you _ _(master) the skills of computer.13. English teachers give advice that we _ (make) good use of every chance to speak English.(should) make(should)m

23、aster14. It is high time that we _ _(take) some measures to protect the wild animals.15. I would rather she _ (come) tomorrow.took/shouldtakecame16. If I were ten years younger, I _ _(start) all over again.17. How I wish every family _ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden！startwouldhad18. Wh

24、en a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _ (be) broken.19. Janes pale face suggested that she _ _ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _(have) a medical examination.should havewerewas5) 比较比较if only与与only if only if 表示“只有”；if only 则表示“如果就好了”。 If only 也可用于陈述语气。I wake up onl

25、y if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。 4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。

26、考题点击：考题点击：1. The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish2. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must haveB. hadC. haveD. had hadBCB、主语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：基本句型：a. It

27、 is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do b. It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative c. It is a pity, a shame, no wonder 考题点击：考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to takeC. must takeD.

28、take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a pr

29、oposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 考题点击：考题点击：1. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can tryA5. 虚拟语气在其它情况下的使用虚拟语气在其它情况下的使用 1) wish 后的虚拟语气：后的虚拟语气：高考题点击：高考题点击：How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海) A. has

30、B. hadC. will haveD. had had2) as if 从句：从句：高考题点击：高考题点击： When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (95 N) A. breaksB. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenBC3) Its time 从句：从句： It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. 类似的结构为 would rather 从句： I would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon.考题点击：考题点击：1. - Do you mind if I