高中英语定语从句详解(经典课件)

1、The Attributive ClauseWhich one is Harry Porter ?The boy is Harry Porter Which one is Harry Porter ?The boy _ is Harry Porter .who is wearing glasses定语从句定语从句一、概念一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子. (在句子中作在句子中作定语定语) (Attributive clause)Harry Porter is a smart boy.Harry Porter is a boy who has magic p

2、ower.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy, 叫做叫做定语从句定语从句Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词which, who, whom, whose, thatwhere, when，why二、用法二、用法: :These are the trees which / that were planted last year.先先行行词词是是人人关系代词关系代词: who whom whose that which先行词是先行词是物物These

3、are the students who / that won the first place last year.引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别用法区别. who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语 whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman whom th

4、ey wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语 that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语主语和和宾语宾语. The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.可省略可省略 The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语 (whose既可以指人，也可以指物既可以指人，

5、也可以指物). I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语I have a book whose cover is yellow.2. which, that 的的用法用法which 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.This is a truck which / that is made in China.作主语作主语作宾语作

6、宾语可省略可省略3. 只能用只能用that的情况的情况 序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰先行词时修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等等不定代词不定代词作先行作先行词时词时 Everything that we saw in this film was true. 先行词被先行

7、词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that you lend me. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him. 主句已有主句已有who或或which时时Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sund

8、ay. 当先行词同时指当先行词同时指人人和和物物时时Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.4.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前介词提前) .指指人只用人只用whom, 指物只用指物只用whichThis is the boy with whom he talked. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.主语主语宾语宾语定语定语指人指人whothatwhom（优先）（优先）whothatwhose（of whom）

9、指物指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(of which)指人和物指人和物thatthatwhose（一）引导定语从句的关系代词（一）引导定语从句的关系代词18when, where, why关系副词关系副词先行词先行词在从句中的成分在从句中的成分when时间时间时间时间状语状语where 地点地点地点地点状语状语why reason原因原因状语状语（二）引导定语从句的关系副词（二）引导定语从句的关系副词 1. This is the place where I was born. 2. I remember the day when I first met him. 3. C

10、an you tell me the reason why you lied to me?关系副词关系副词When=on(in,during)whichwhere=on(in,in front of)whichWhy=for which（三）关系副词（三）关系副词与与介词介词+关系代词关系代词的替代的替代21when when可用可用in/on/at/during +which 代替代替1.I still remember the day.2.I first met him on the day.I still remember the day on which I first met him

11、.whenwhich22where where可用in/on/at/to + which代替1.The dictionary is the only place.2. Success comes before work in the dictionary.The dictionary is the only place in which success comes before work.where which.23ABC1.America is the country.2.I was born in the country.America is the country in which I

12、was born.which. whereBBCBeijing is the city in which I was born. where=American born Chinese=Beijing born Chinese24why why可用可用for +which 代替代替1.This is the reason.2.I was late for school for this reason.This is the reason for which I was late for school. whywhich.25关系关系代词代词和关系和关系副词副词的区别的区别关系关系代词代词在定语

13、从句中在定语从句中作主语、宾语作主语、宾语关系关系副词副词在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语如何选用定语从句的关系词如何选用定语从句的关系词 1.首先分清主句和定语从句首先分清主句和定语从句 2.确定定语从句的先行词确定定语从句的先行词 3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）宾语，定语或状语） 4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定主语、宾语或定语语则选择则选择关系代词关系代词，若在从句中做，若在从句中做状语状语，则选择则选择关系副词关系副词。限制性定语从句与非

14、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。The man who came here yesterday has come again. 关系副词when和why用于引导限制性定语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中可以省去，但是where通常不可以省去。如：a. Be sure to call on us next time (when) you come to town.b. This is one of the reasons (w

15、hy) you may like to eat it. 2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如： a. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865. b. He sent a special governor, a ma

16、n named Gessler, who would rule with a firm hand. c. He lives in another town, which is only about an hours ride from here. d. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. e. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. 注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词 不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom (宾语)，指物时须用which.Find the difference His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man. 区别区别：A句：他的哥哥是个解放军战士，句：他的哥哥是个解放军战士，现今十八岁。现今十八岁。(说明他只有一个哥哥说明他只有一个哥哥) B句：他那个十八岁的哥哥是位解句：他那个十八岁的哥哥