英语：Unit2《Cloning》课件-Grammar(新人教选修8)

1、Unit 2 CloningGrammar名词性从句Noun Clauses名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语.表语. 宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句. 表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 1. What it was to become was a mysterythe bet.主语从句 2. I dorYt know who will help Henry to win宾语从句表语从句 4. The fact that ships can go theresurprises many people.同位语从句 3. His trouble is that he doesr

2、Tt know anybody in London.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以作动词的宾语, 也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词;连接代词等。连接副词e.g. (1) I think (that) women can reach veryhigh achievements in many fields of science.2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?总结：1卖语从句的引

3、导词：宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.2注意点1)宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2) 引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义多数 情况下可以省略.3) .whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 但：当whether后紧跟or not时，不用if.例：I don't know whether I will stay or not.(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.例：I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中，第 一个that可以省略，第二that不

4、能省.He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.2.表语从句表语从句在复合句中起表语作用引导宾语从句词有连词 that f what, whichf whof whomf whose等除在句 子中起连接作用外,还可在从句中从当主语.表语.定 语f且各有各的词义。e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be.The question is which of us should come first.The problem is who is really fit for the

5、 hard job.The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.2注意点1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2) 表语从句的引导词that无实际意义，但不能省略.3)表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if引导.What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.The reason why he was late this morning

6、 is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road错误The reason why + 句子 be that + 从句.for +名词The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.或This / it仙at/ is because +从句等句型.He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.1

7、主语从句做主语用的名词性从句,因其在复合句中做主语,又称主语从句,引导主语从句的有连词连接代词Wl, Vvhath,连接副词e.g. That she left him cut him to the heart.What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Whether it will please them is not easy to say.2总结:1)主语从句一律用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓 语在后错误When will he come is not known.When he will come is not kn

8、own.但是what is the matter和what is wrong不可改变语序2)连接词that在从句中无实际意义，起引导作用，不作任何成分， 但不能省略.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.错误That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true"whether可以引导主语从句解释为”是否”，但if不能.4) .whoever? whatever whichever等词可以引导主语从句， Hno matter who, no matter w

9、hat等不能，它们只能引导 让步状语从句.5) .为避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语，主语从句放 在后面作真正的主语.例:It is well known/reported/thought/said/. thatIt is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/. that.It is a pity/a shame/an honour/. thatIt doesift matter whether./It seems that.It happens that.位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句f大多由从属连词that引导f 常常2艮在fact

10、, newsf idea, thought question, replyf report, remark, hope, belief等名词启面。同位语从 句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在 逻辑上表现为同为关系。e.g. They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atomsWhere did you get the idea that I could not comeThe suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be

11、 adopted.注意1. that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的 有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等.2. that在从句中只是起引导作用，不作任 何成分.高考链接1have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matterthat Pm talking to.(2004

12、年广东省卷)A. who is it B. who it isC. it is who ©. it is whom【试析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。And后是一个含有 主语从句的结构，其主句部分是it doesrft matter,主语从句则是 who it is that Pm talking to而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句, 修饰who. Who既是一个引导词，也在it is中作表语如果再细一点, 说who是(talking) to的介词宾语也可以。2. It is pretty well understoodcontrols the flowof carbon

13、dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.（2003± 海）A. that B. when © whatD. how【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C.3-made the school proud was_more than 90% of the students had been（2003±海春季）admitted to key universities.A. What; because What; thatC. That; what D. That; because【试析】what在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并

14、在从 句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作 任何成分.4.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule: Always give themonkey exactlyhe wants （2002上海春季）“what B.which C.when D.that试析 这是一个宾语从句3wants后面缺少宾语5Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语虑思是"永远给予 他人他确实想要的东西覽故答案为A。5-Are

15、 you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, that's（2003北京春季）what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited【试析】这是由What引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语, 这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。一.同俊语以句鸟定语以句的相何之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语e.g. The news that our team has won the final

16、 matchis encouraging（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞°2、两种从句都可以用that引导fAe.g.The suggestion that students should learnsomething practical is worth considering.（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑OThe suggestion that is worth considering is that the

17、 students should learn something practical.（定语从句）值蛊考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西o二、同像语从句鸟定语1. 从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰. 限定前面的名词。e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队 取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。

18、但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2.引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同 位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分；而引 导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须 在从句中充当成分。e.g.1） Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test, （that 不兔当任何 成分）2） Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语。）! Choose the best answer1. They expressed the hopethey would comeover to China.A. which that C. whom D. when2. The facthe didift see Tom yesterday istrue.that Be which C. when D. what3.1 have no ideahe will come back.A. where when C. what D. that! Choose the best answer4.The