高中英语时态讲义(print)Word版

1、高中英语时态讲义一、 一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理（不受时态限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.Water boils at 100.表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用，sometimes/often/usually/always/now/never/seldom/every morning/once a monthWe always care for each other and help each other.表示知觉、态

2、度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong 、seem等。如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表示“意愿”，但不表示时态。Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains. If you will ac

3、cept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。The TV play begins at 8:20 am .Tomorrow is Wednesday.练习:1. He will stop showing off, if no notic

4、e _ of him.A. is taken B. will be taken C. takes D. has taken2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 3. The plane _ at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.A. has left B. is to leave C. wil

5、l have left D. leaves4. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come5.Every few years ,the coal workers _their lungs X-rayed to ensure their healh.A. are

6、having B. have C. have had D. had had 二、一般过去时一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式，其中时间状语有yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as。如：I met her in the street yesterday.I thought the film wou

7、ld be interesting, but it isnt.如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去式。如：2 / 11He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He boug

8、ht a watch but lost it.4.谈到已死人的情况时e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter. 练习:6. Ive finally finished my paper and it _ me an entire month.A. takes B. took C. was taken D. had taken7. I know Mr Brown；we _ to each other at an international conference.A. are introduced B. have been introduced C. w

9、ere introduced D. had been introduced三、一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语连用如tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later等）。Tom will have a bike of his own next week.表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行

10、时的形式表示将来时。be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别：be going to 第一，表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；第二表示有某事发生的预兆如It is going to rain；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going t

11、o go fishing.(错误)be about to do: 1) 表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来，强调时间的紧迫性。如：We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。2) 在含有be about to do的句子中，不能再加时间状语。如：Wrong: The medical team is about to start immediately. Right: The medical team is about to start. 医疗队就要出发了。be to do st

12、h.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.计划、安排You are to be back by 10 oclock. 命令Such books are to be found in the library.可能性练习：8. The traffic in our city is already good and it _ even better.A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting 9. Tom, did Mr. Li

13、 join you in your discussion? No, he _, but he happened to have fallen ill.A. would like to B. will C. was to have D. was going to join10. The train _ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine oclock tonight.A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going 11. Sorry, I

14、 forget to post the letter for you. Never mind, _ it myself tonight.A. Im going to post B. Ive decided to post C. Ill post D. Id rather post 12. All but one _ take part in the conference tomorrow.A. is going to； that is to take place B. are going to； that is about to take placeC. are going to； that

15、is to be taken place D. are going to； which is to be held13. Look at the black clouds. It _ soon. Sure. If only we _ out.A. is raining； didnt come B. is to rain； wont startC. will rain； havent started D. is going to rain； hadnt come 四、现在进行时表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时。 look! They are play basket

16、ball!It is raining now.He is teaching English and learning Chinese.2一个长动作作为短动作发生的背景As she is reading a book, Jack falls asleep.3表示动作的未完性、暂时性。Have you moved into the new house?Not yet. The rooms are being painted.（未完性）Dont worry !It is just being abnormal for a while.He is being friendly .他只是一时友好。4表示

17、计划、安排要做的事，go, come, leave, start, arrive, give, return等。I am leaving Beijing soon.My parents are seeing me off at the airport.5表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，代替现在时，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly等连用。How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样？（显得亲切） He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。（赞扬） He is always

18、thinking of others first.（赞赏）You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。（厌烦）下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表示存在状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, compl

19、ete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。练习：14. It is said that another new car factory _ now. Yeah. It _ one and a half years.A. is building； takes B. is being built； will takeC. is built； will take D. is being built； takes15. They wont buy new clothes because theymoney to

20、buy a color TV set.A. save B. are saving C. has saved D. were saving 16. The traffic in our city is already good and it _ even better.A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting 17. Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my mum.A. take B. am taking C. have taken D. will have taken18. I didnt like Aun

21、t Lucy, who _ without warning and bringing us presents.A. always turned up B. has always turned upC. was always turning up D. was always turned up 19. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I_coffee.A. prefer B. preferred C. have preferred D. am preferring 五、过去进行时过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作。W

22、hat were you doing yesterday evening?I was helping my father fixing his computer.某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时，从句常用过去进行时。 e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus. when 用作并列连词，意为“这时”，连接两分句时，第一句多用过去进行时。 e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.

23、 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别： 一般过去时：强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。 过去进行时：强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。 试区别下面两句： We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。（可能尚未建成） We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。（已经建成） 练习：20. Has Jack finished his homework yet? I have no idea；he _ it this morning.A. was doing B. had been doi

24、ng C. has done D. did21. Did he notice you enter the room? I dont think so. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut.A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened22. Can you give me the right answer? Sorry, I _.Would you repeat that question?A. hadnt listened B. havent listened C. dont li

25、sten D. wasnt listening23.He _a novel when I came in .A read B have read C was reading D were reading六、现在完成时1，一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years（在过去的这几天/年里），since then, up to now, so far（至今）等。In the past few years, great changes have taken pl

26、ace in my hometown.2，一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already, just（刚刚），yet（已经），never, before等。Already用在肯定句中，yet用在否定句和疑问句中；already用在句中，yet用在句末。I have already seen the film. (=I know the film now.)I havent seen the film yet.Have they arrived yet？3，This/It/That is the +序数词/only/best/most +time +(that)+ sb. ha

27、ve/has done, “这是某人第几次做某事”。This is the first time that I have come here.4，现在完成时用在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来完成时。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.5，It is/has been +一段时间+since从句，since从句用一般过去时，“自从 以来已经有多久了”。It is/has been 10 years since we met last.6，瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词一般不用完成时态，也

28、不可以接表示一段时间的状语，若要接，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词的否定可用完成时，也可接表示一段时间的状语。× He has come to Beijing since last year. He has lived in Beijing since last year.× He has joined the army for 3 years. He has served in the army for 3 years. He joined the army 3 years ago. He has been a soldier for 3 years. It is 3 y

29、ears since he joined the army. 常见的瞬间动词有：come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose, jump等。练习：24、He left his office 3 hours ago.He _

30、_ _ from his office for 3 hours.It _ _ 3 hours since he left his office.25、 He has been dead for 4 years.He _ _ _ ago.It is _ _ _ he died.26. Good heavens! There you are! We _ anxious about you, and we _ you back throughout the night.A. are； expect B. were； had expectedC. have been；were expecting D.

31、 are； were expecting27.When you are home,give a call to let me know you _safely .A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive 28. Is Tom still smoking? No. By next Saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.A. will go B. will have goneC. will have beenD. has

32、been going 七、过去完成时在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. 表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/thought / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示，

33、即：hoped / planned + to have done。e.g. We had hoped to meet you at the airport, but= I hoped to have met you at the airport, but在when和before引导的时间状语从句中He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.When we got to the cinema ,they had sold out the tickets

34、already.4.在直接引语变为间接引语时，宾语从句中若是过去时或现在完成时，则一般要用过去完成时，这时通常与already/yet/still/hardly/scarcely/never等。He said he had never been to London.他说他从没去过伦敦。5.表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had

35、 we been seated than the bus started.6.在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.7.It was/had been +一段时间+since从句，since从句用过去完成时，“自从以来已经有多久了”。It was/had been ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.练习：29. We that you w

36、ould fix the TV set this week. Im sorry. I to, but Ive been too busy.A. had expected； had intended B. are expecting； had intendedC. expect； intend D. expected； intend30. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times

37、before that.A. had been； have met B. have been； have metC. had been； had met D. have been； had met31. The vegetables didnt taste very good. They _ too long. A. had been cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. cooked 32. She _ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has no sooner got

38、B. had hardly got C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got33.She stared at the painting ,wondering where she _it.A saw B has seen C seeds had seen 八、现在完成进行时1.现在完成进行时主要用于：表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在，以至延伸到将来，它强调动作延续时间之长久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。（还在写） cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇

39、文章。（已写完） It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。 2.在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。练习：34.Mr Li_ swimming for 3 hours, and his son _an hour ago.A. has been, starte

40、d B. have started, has startedC. started, started D. has started, has started35.-How long_you _stamps? -Since two years ago.A. have, collect B.have, been collecting C.did, collect D.are, collecting36.The boy _TV all the morning.A. has watched B.had watched C.has been watching D.watched37. Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last