外研版高中英语选修六Module_2_priod3_语法

1、 Grammar Module2 Fantasy Literature动词的-ing形式作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬，它可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句状语从句。动词的动词的-ing形式作状语形式作状语Look at the following sentences and tell me the form of the underlined verb:1）Hearing the news, he burst out laughter.（时间）（时间）2

2、）Not knowing the address, I cant get in touch with her.（原因）（原因）3）He came running.（伴随）（伴随）4）Her husband died, leaving her 4 children.（结果）（结果）5）He sat there reading a book.（伴随）（伴随）6）Working hard, you will succeed.（条件）（条件）7）Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.(时间）时间）主动主动被动被动一般式一般式 (not

3、) doing (not) being done完成式完成式 (not) having done (not) having been done语态语态时态时态v-ing形式的时态和语态形式的时态和语态v-ing的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生、几乎同时发的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生、几乎同时发生。生。Walking down the valley, they came across a big cave.Hearing the news, she burst out crying.v-ing的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生。的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生。Having worked

4、for three hours, we took a rest.Having lived there for dozens of years, he knows the city well.v-ing的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言，在意义上是被的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言，在意义上是被动的。动的。Id like to have a look at the animal being operated on.Having been shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium.用法用法1：表示时间，多置于句首，也可置于句末e.g.

5、Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.用法用法2：表示原因，多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中e.g. 1) Being ill, he didnt go to school. 2) She rang him up, hoping to get his support. 3) The boy, being very polite, was loved by many teachers. 用法用法3：表示条件，多置于句首e.g. Working hard, you will succeed.用法用法4： 表示让步，多置于句首e.g. Being

6、poor, the old man was happy. = Though the old man was poor, he was happy.用法用法5：表示结果，常置于句末e.g. The boy fell off his bike, breaking his right arm. He hurried to get to the station，only to find the film star had left.用法用法6：表示方式或伴随,多置于句末，也可置于句首e.g. 1) He sat at the table, reading a magazine. 2) Laughing

7、 and talking, they went into the room.用法用法7：为强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生,在-ing形式短语前可用连词when, while等;为强调在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生,在-ing形式短语前可用连词before或aftere.g. 1) Be careful when crossing the road. 2) Dont laugh while eating. 3) Before going abroad, he lived here. 4) After watching TV, he went to bed.用法用法8：在-ing形式短语前可用介词o

8、n,表示“一就”e.g. On arriving in Beijing, he went to see his uncle用法用法9：为了强调结果，可在-ing形式前加副词thuse.g. The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.用法用法10：在-ing形式短语前可用though/although表示让步e.g. Though working very hard, he couldnt make enough money to pay off his debt. = Though he worked very h

9、ard, he couldnt make enough money to pay off his debt.独立主格：独立主格： 现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词名词名词/代词代词+ 形容词形容词/副词副词 介词短语介词短语e.g.:The signal given, the train left out. Weather permitting, well go out for a walk.Homework finished, he went out.判断分词的方法：主要找准分词与其逻辑主语判断分词的方法：主要找准分词与其逻辑主语的关系的关系1.分词作状语：当其逻辑主语与句子主语一致分词作

10、状语：当其逻辑主语与句子主语一致时，看分词与句子主语的关系；当其逻辑主时，看分词与句子主语的关系；当其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，看分词与自己逻辑语与句子主语不一致时，看分词与自己逻辑主语的关系。主语的关系。2.作宾补：同作宾补：同13.分词作定语：则看其与限定的词的关系分词作定语：则看其与限定的词的关系分词与不定式的的否定：在其前直接加分词与不定式的的否定：在其前直接加not 动词动词ing ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻句子的主语一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词辑上的主谓关系，动词ing ing 形

11、式表示的动作形式表示的动作是次要动作。（一个主语多个动作。）是次要动作。（一个主语多个动作。）注意注意1 While reading the book, the telephone rang.2 Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.改错改错While she was reading the book, the telephone rang.Looking out through the window, we found a beautiful garden.1.Unless_ to speak, you should

12、 remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited2._ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Suffering B. Having suffered C. To suffer D. Suffered 3.Cleaning women in big cities usually get_ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay4. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _the desert. A