攻克2013年12月大学英语四六级之四六级篇章翻译

1、CET4 TranslationCET4 Translation四级翻译四级翻译 外语系外语系 梁逸群梁逸群 2013-11-07翻译新题型解读翻译新题型解读 翻部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分译值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。翻译题型为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字，六级长度为180-200个汉字。翻译评分标准翻译评分标准本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。各档次的评分标准见下表： 13-15分分译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，

2、基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12分译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。7-9分译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。4-6分译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。1-3分译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。0分未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。四级样题四级样题剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝 和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常

3、用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间， 剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世 界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。 难点精析难点精析1.传统民间艺术形式：翻译为traditional folk art,其中folk意为“民间的，民俗的”，art既可以表示“艺术”这一抽象概念，也可以表示具体的“艺术形式”，所以直接翻译为art即可，不必加form词。2.美化居家环境：“美化”即beautify，“居家环境”翻译成their homes即可，不要逐字生硬地翻译为home environment。3.增加喜庆的气氛：翻译为e

4、nhance the joyous atmosphere。4.象征健康和兴旺：翻译为which symbolizes health and prosperity,此处既可以用非限制性定语从句，也可以用分词形式symbolizing health and prosperity。SAMPLE ANSWERSAMPLE ANSWERPaper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was

5、widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color mos

6、t frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends. SAMPLE1SAMPLE1中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代 诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)

7、。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征 着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国 的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Years holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗 烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。 难点精析难点精析1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of,

8、修饰前面的a day。3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”，“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。4.观赏满月：“满月”即fullmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。5.象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize表示，“家庭团聚”翻译： 为 family reunion 即可。SAMPLE ANSWERSAMPLE ANSWER Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable o

9、n some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for

10、completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Years holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled du

11、mplings, and niangao.SAMPLE2SAMPLE2北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大 厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。 难点精析难点精析1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用 |

12、介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是 ： 两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语的应用，在句中作伴随状语。SAMPLE ANSWERSAMPLE ANSWERIn Beijing, there are numerous huton

13、gs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of abou

14、t 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved. SAMPLE3SAMPLE3过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市 拥有一套属于自己的

15、体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经 取得了初步的成效。 难点精析难点精析1.房地产业：翻译为real estate industry。2.前所未有的高速增长：翻译为a record high speed。3.鉴于这一状况：可以根据上下文的语境转译为for this reason。4.采取一系列的措施：翻译为take a series of measures。5.取得初步成效：翻译为achieve initial effects。SAMPLE ANSWE

16、RSAMPLE ANSWERIn the past seven years, Chinas real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the gove

17、rnment has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities. SAMPLE4SAMPLE4如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用

18、在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大 学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在 课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。 难点精析难点精析 1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困难

19、”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。只有当 才 用强调句型it is only whenthat表示。 ，3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly sug

20、gested that.，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience.SAMPLE ANSWERSAMPLE ANSWERNowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as

21、follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased cha

22、nce for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience. EXERCISE1EXERCISE1 近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠

23、、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。 SAMPLE ANSWERSAMPLE ANSWER In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit an

24、d with hard struggle. Asias development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people. The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable. They never shy away from

25、 reform and innovation. Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.EXERCISE2EXERCISE2在我的生活里，我也尝试过很多次试着放手。虽然，学会放手不会减轻生活里的伤痛或是改变什么，

26、也不会让你的情绪得以发泄，也许你仍然会被生活所困。然而，富有同情心是一种释放。会让你和感受到你同情心的人得到精神上的洗礼。当你对一切都富有同情心时，你会发挥自己最大潜力。你也会在生活中觉得自己有无限的正能量。 难点分析难点分析放手：to let go减轻伤痛：to help to hang on to the hurt被生活所困：keep sb stuckSAMPLE ANSWERSAMPLE ANSWERIm learning to do that a lot in this life, to let go. It doesnt help to hang on to the hurt or

27、judgment. It doesnt work to blame or criticize. Those approaches only serve to keep you stuck. But compassion is freeing. It uplifts both you and the person you are sharing it with. When you act with compassion, you are living from your highest potential and connecting with your greatest self. The m

28、ore you can do that, the better youll feel in this life.EXERCISE3长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。SAMPLE ANSWERThe Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human

29、beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.“ In fact, it began as independent walls for different st

30、ates when it was first built, and did not become the Great Wall until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in thewest, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 汉译英解题方法汉译英解题方法1. 1. 阅读原文，理解原文，获得总体印象。阅读原文，理解原文，获得总体印象。2. 2. 处理原文句

31、子，正确断句，合句，找准主语。处理原文句子，正确断句，合句，找准主语。理解原文中的语言现象和逻辑关系，注意汉英两理解原文中的语言现象和逻辑关系，注意汉英两种语言的不同表达习惯，综合翻译技巧进行翻译。种语言的不同表达习惯，综合翻译技巧进行翻译。3.3.修改，对译文修正、加工、润饰。第一步：对修改，对译文修正、加工、润饰。第一步：对照原文一句一句修改，看原文内容、思想是否准照原文一句一句修改，看原文内容、思想是否准确表达出来；有无漏译、错译、曲解的地方；译确表达出来；有无漏译、错译、曲解的地方；译文语言是否通顺。文语言是否通顺。 第二步：脱离原文，第二步：脱离原文， 反复阅反复阅读后进行修改。看上

32、下文有无不连接的地方，前读后进行修改。看上下文有无不连接的地方，前后有无矛盾、重复的地方，有无逻辑不通的地方。后有无矛盾、重复的地方，有无逻辑不通的地方。汉语汉语 VS 英语英语 不同表达习惯不同表达习惯一、英语重结构，汉语重语义一、英语重结构，汉语重语义 二、英语多长句，汉语多短句二、英语多长句，汉语多短句 三、英语多从句，汉语多分句三、英语多从句，汉语多分句 四、主语，宾语等名词成分四、主语，宾语等名词成分“英语多代词，汉英语多代词，汉语多名词语多名词” 五、英语多被动，汉语多主动五、英语多被动，汉语多主动 六、英语多变化，汉语多重复六、英语多变化，汉语多重复 七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体七

33、、英语多抽象，汉语多具体 八、英语多引申，汉语多推理八、英语多引申，汉语多推理 汉译英的基本技巧汉译英的基本技巧1. 增词增词为了充分传达原文含义，必须增补词语，以求达意.1）我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。）我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。 I dont think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.2）虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。）虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes on lag behind2 2 减词减词汉语喜

34、欢重复，英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种汉语喜欢重复，英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种修辞手段有两种作用。一是为了强调，重复表达一个修辞手段有两种作用。一是为了强调，重复表达一个意思，或增添修饰语，加强语气。二是为了便于词语意思，或增添修饰语，加强语气。二是为了便于词语搭配，或平衡节奏，增加可读性。这些在汉语里习以搭配，或平衡节奏，增加可读性。这些在汉语里习以为常的重复词语或句式，到了英语里要么不合逻辑，为常的重复词语或句式，到了英语里要么不合逻辑，要么累赘冗长。所以翻译时都要有所删减省略。要么累赘冗长。所以翻译时都要有所删减省略。这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天！这是革命的春天

35、，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天！让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧！让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧！Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science.减词（exercises）见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。The sight of his native place called back his childhood. 他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。He has been speaking in F

36、rench for two hours without any mistakes.3 3 词类转换词类转换词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特点，尤其是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的点，尤其是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类。词类。eg. 他的演讲给我们的印象很深。他的演讲给我们的印象很深。His speech impressed us deeply.(名词变动词名词变动词)eg. 你说他傻不傻？你说他傻不傻？Dont you think he is an idiot? (形容词变名词形容词变名词)4 4 语态转换语态转换在英汉两种语言当中

37、都有主动和被动两种语态。在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译，会使译如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译，会使译文显得十分别扭。文显得十分别扭。这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤 。The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.门锁好了。The door has been locked up.新教材在印刷中。New textbooks are being printed.5. 5. 分译分译 & & 合译合

38、译( (按内容层次分按内容层次分译译) )分译：分译： 需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。简洁、易懂、层次分明。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。Youth will soon be gone， never to return. And it will be too late fo

39、r you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.5. 5. 分译分译 & & 合译合译( (按内容层次分按内容层次分译译) )合译：合译：相较于汉语而言，英语长句多，因此在相较于汉语而言，英语长句多，因此在翻译中，要把汉语的两个或多个句子合翻译中，要把汉语的两个或多个句子合译为英语的一句，使译文紧凑、简练。译为英语的一句，使译文紧凑、简练。对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I

40、am king.6. 6. 正、反表达翻译正、反表达翻译I.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达他提出的论据相当不充实。The argument he put forward is pretty thin. 他七十岁了，可是并不显老。He was 70, but he carried his years lightly.II.汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达她来得正是时候。She couldnt have come at a better time.对于汉译英，你越细心越好。You can never be too careful about

41、 Chinese-English translation.7.7.变序变序从译文的行文上考虑，有时需要对原文的词序从译文的行文上考虑，有时需要对原文的词序作一番调整，以适应英文的修辞习惯，或者为作一番调整，以适应英文的修辞习惯，或者为了避免因结构而产生的歧义。了避免因结构而产生的歧义。例：到西安你可以买兵马俑、唐三彩。例：到西安你可以买兵马俑、唐三彩。Unique local creations are available in Xian, such as the three colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty and terra-cotta

42、figures.(“兵马俑兵马俑”和和“唐三彩唐三彩”在译文中变换了位置，在译文中变换了位置，是为了避免是为了避免”of the Tang Dynasty”在结构上在结构上产生歧义。产生歧义。)EXERCISE4中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来， 中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。SAMPLE ANSWERSAMPLE ANSWERChina will develop

43、 its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since Chinas reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achieve

44、ment. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.EXERCISE 5EXERCISE 5

45、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。SAMPLE ANSWERSAMPLE ANSWERThe phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese peoples consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to s

46、tatistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. At the same time, the consumption concepts of Chinese people are increasingly becoming more mature in the flourishing holiday economy. Therefore, the structure of

47、 products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy peoples demand for an improved quality of life.EXERCISE 6EXERCISE 62013年6月20日在中国各地，据估计据估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了由宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的太空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。SAMPLE ANSWERSAM