选修6必修5 知识点汇总 互动

1、Unit6Warming-up issue问题truly 真正地adv.someone (who is healthy both in body and mind). 身心都健康的(某个)人Reading1. L2 It指代 今天，天气 2. L3 It seems amazing that. it做 形式主语, 代替that后从句 3. L4 fit enough to do sth. 足够地健康来/去做某事4. L4 It指代 日期 5. L4 in two weeks time: 在两周的时间后 6. L5 must be due to.： 一定是因为 7. L7 some time：一

2、段时间8. L7 finding it difficult to do sth.： 发现做sth.是困难的。it做形式宾语9. L8 how easy it is to do sth.: 去做sth.是多么的简单。It做形式主语10. L10 By the way顺便提一下11. L12 become accustomed to doing sth. 变得习惯于做sth.= be used to doing12. L13 remember doing sth. 记得做过sth. 13. L14 over and over again: 反复地14. L16 after doing sth. 在

3、做sth.以后15. L18 it was difficult to quit.：放弃/停止是困难的。It做形式主语16. L18 manage to do sth.成功滴做到sth.17. L20 do damage/harm to sth 对sth造成损害18. L20 it was more difficult to do sth. It做形式主语19. L22 In some way: 在某方面20. L22 Neither也不21. L23 What I did know was that.我确实/的确知道的是22. L25 unless 除非23. L27 Be taken off

4、被从*拿下(开除) take off 脱掉，起飞24. L27 It was time to do sth. 是做sth的时候了。 It指代时间25. L30 I do hope so. 我确实/的确希望如此。26. L30 A as .原级. as B： A如B一样地P19 1. L1 It is not easy to do sth. 做sth.是不容易的。 It做形式主语2. L1 Here are. 这儿有 Suggestion是可数名词，advice不可数3. L4 such as譬如4. L6 feel like doing sth.感觉想做sth. 5. L8 instead o

5、f doing sth. 代替做某事。6. L9 in fact 事实上 do anything to keep. busy 做任何事情来保持忙碌7. L10 especially尤其是8. L13 arrange to do sth. 安排去做某事9. L16 keep doing sth. (坚持)一直继续做sth.10. L18 eventually=finally最终Key sentences:1. It seems amazing (that) (at my age) I am still fit enough (to cycle 20 kilometres) (in an afte

6、rnoon).在我这样的年龄，仍然足够地健康来在一下午骑20千米，这似乎是令人惊奇的。2. Its my birthday (in two weeks time) and Ill be 82 years old. 在两周后是我的生日，我将82岁了。3. I think (my long and active life must be due to the healthy life) (I live). 我认为我的活跃的长寿的生命一定是因为我过的健康的生活。4. You are finding it difficult (to give it up). 你正发现放弃吸烟是困难的。5. It wa

7、s very difficult (to quit). 停止是很困难的。6. (What I did know) was (that my girlfriend thought) (I smelt terrible). 我的确知道的是我的女友认为我闻起来很糟糕。 7. (When I was taken) (off the school football team) (because I was unfit), I knew (it was time) (to quit smoking). 当因为我不健康而被校足球队除名的时候，我知道是时候戒烟了。 8. In fact, (it is the

8、 mental addiction rather than而非 the physical effects that) makes it hard (to quit smoking). 事实上，正是精神上的上瘾而非是身体上的影响使得戒烟很难。9. Here are some things (you can do) (to make sure) (you stay safe). 这有一些你可以做的来确保你保持安全的事情。10. You can tell (by looking) (at someone) (whether or not) they have HIV. 你可以通过观看某些人来分辨出(

9、tell) 是否他们有HIV.11. Many people (carrying HIV) look perfectly healthy.：许多携带HIV的人们看起来非常健康。carrying现在分词作后置定语 语法：It用法小结：. It做形式主语(放句首) 公式1：It is/was/seems +adj.形容词/(for/of sb.对于sb.来说) to do sth. E.g. It is difficult for me to give up smoking.戒烟对我来说是很难的。 公式2：It is/was/seems adj.形容词或p.p.过去分词+that+句子 E.g.

10、It is disappointed that he refused my invitation.他拒绝我的邀请是很令人失望的。 公式3：It is/was或There is no good/use doing sth. 做某事是没用的 E.g. It is no good/use crying over split milk. 覆水难收. It做形式宾语(放在句中) 公式1: sb. find/think/feel it +adj./n. to do sth./doing sth. E.g. I feel it amazing to have a cigarette/smoke after

11、a meal.饭后一根烟赛过活神仙。. It放句首还可以指时间、天气、日期、温度、距离、环境、价格、心目中的 人/物、不明性别的人. 强调句：It is/was+被强调部分+ that(当被强调部分是人时，可用who)+句子。 I met some ghosts in the WC last night. 我昨晚在厕所里遇到了一些鬼。 1 2 3 4对1强调：It is/was I that/who met some ghosts in the WC last night.正是我昨晚厕所里遇到一些鬼了对2强调：It is/was some ghosts that/who I met in th

12、e WC last night.正是一些鬼我昨晚厕所里遇到了对3强调：It is/was in the WC that I met some ghosts last night.正是在厕所里我昨晚遇到那一些鬼对4强调：It was last night that I met some ghosts in the WC.正是在昨晚我在厕所里遇到一些鬼P20 第二题cigarettes; alcohol; effects; adolescents; tough; stress; due to; addicted to; mental; quit; unfit; withdrawal; 如何断句：介

13、词短语：(介词+名词)即:(介词at, in, on, by, up, to, of, off, for, with, into, like, from, about, after, across表穿、横过, against对着, below在*以下, before在*前, beyond超出, beside在*旁, except除了*外都, toward朝, through通过, without没有. +名词)。从句：从句=引导词+谓语动词(陈述语序) 即：(when, where, why, how, who, whom, whose, which, what, that, if是否如果,

14、whether是否, because, so, after, before, until, unless除非.+谓语动词+.) 注意：一个萝卜一个坑，一个谓语动词一个分句！划到第二个谓语动词前 非谓语动词：即：1. (to do sth.动词不定式：将要/去做) 2. (doing现在分词：主动，进行) 3. (done过去分词：被动，完成) 主谓之间断句，但是不用括号。Reading and discussing(Before you read the poster) (below), discuss (what you know) (about HIV/AIDS) (with your c

15、lassmates). Make a list (of words) (that you might come across) (in this poster).HIV/AIDS:ARE YOU AT RISK? HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing (that causes disease). There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV weakens a person's immune sys

16、tem; that is, the part (of the body) (that fights disease). You can have HIV (in your blood) (for a long time), but eventually HIV will damage your immune system (so much that you body can no longer fight disease). This stage (of the illness) is called AIDS. (If you develop AIDS), your chances (of s

17、urvival) are very small. HIV is spread (through blood or the fluid) (that the body makes during sex). For a person (to become infected), blood or sexual fluid (that carries the virus), has to get (inside the body) (through broken skin or by injection). One day scientists will find a cure (for HIV/AI

18、DS). (Until that happens), you need (to protect yourself). Here are some things (you can do) (to make sure) (you stay safe).(If you inject drugs):l do not share your needle (with anyone else). Blood (from another person) can stay (on or in the needle). (If a person has HIV and you use the same needl

19、e), you could inject the virus (into your own blood).l do not share anything else (that a person has used) (while injecting drugs).Blood could have spilt (on it).(If you have sex) (with a male or a female):l use a condom. This will prevent sexual fluid (passing) (from one person to another). The fol

20、lowing statements are NOT true.l A person cannot get HIV (the first time they have sex).WRONG. (If one sexual partner has HIV), the other partner could become infected.l You can tell (by looking) (at someone) (whether or not they have HIV). WRONG. Many people (carrying HIV) look perfectly healthy. I

21、t is (only when the disease has progressed) (to AIDS) (that a person begins to look sick).l Only homosexuals get AIDS.WRONG. Anyone (who has sex) (with a person) (infected) (with H1V/AIDS) risks getting the virus. Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.l (If you hug, touch or kis

22、s someone) (with AIDS) (or visit them) (in their home), you will get HIV/AIDS. WRONG. You can only get the disease (from blood or sexual fluid). Unfortunately, people (with HIV) sometimes lose their friends (because of prejudice). Many people are afraid (that they will get HIV/AIDS) (from those) (in

23、fected) (with HIV AIDS). (For the same reason), some AIDS patients cannot find anyone (to look after them) (when they are sick).l You can get HIV/AIDS (from mosquitoes).WRONG. There is no evidence (of this).1. L3 that is: 2. L4 so much that.: 3. L5 is called: 4. L10句： Here are some things you can do

24、 to make sure you stay safe. 5. L19 prevent A (from) doing B: 6. L19 from one * to another: 7. L23 翻译：You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV.: _8. L23-24 翻译：Many people (carrying HIV) look perfectly healthy.：许多 看起来非常健康。carrying现在分词作 语。9. L31 because of+名词、代词: 因为*1. L3 that i

25、s: 也就是说2. L4 so much that.: 如此地多以至于3. L5 is called: 被称作4. L10句： Here are some things (you can do) (to make sure) (you stay safe). 这有一些你可以做的来确保你保持安全的事情。5. L19 prevent A (from) doing B: 阻止A做B6. L19 from one * to another: 从一个*到另一个7. L23 翻译：You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV

26、.:你可以通过观看某些人来分辨出(tell) 是否他们有HIV._8. L23-24 翻译：Many people (carrying HIV) look perfectly healthy.：许多携带HIV的人们看起来非常健康。carrying现在分词作后置定语。10. L31 because of+名词、代词: 因为*选修6 Unit 4 Global Warming Warming-up1. depend on=rely/count on依靠2. What .for?= why.?3. as.副词原级.as one can：尽某人所能地*4. run out= be used up: 用

27、尽，枯竭Pre-reading1. is made of.由*制成的2. be used for doing sth.= be used to do sht.：被用来做某事3. keep A from doing B: =stop/ prevent A form doing B：阻止A不做B4.THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER-BUT DOES IT MATTER? (During the 20th century) the temperature (of the earth) rose (about one degree Fahrenheit). That proba

28、bly does not seem much (to you or me), but it is a rapid increase (when compared) (to other natural changes). So how has this come about and does it matter? Earth Cares Sophie Armstrong explores these questions. There is no doubt (that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and (that it is human

29、 activity that has caused this global warming) (rather than a random) (but natural phenomenon). All scientists subscribe (to the view) (that the increase) (in the earth's temperature) is due (to the burning of fossil fuels) (like coal, natural gas and oil) (to produce energy). Some byproducts (o

30、f this process) are called "greenhouse" gases, the most important one (of which) is carbon dioxide. Dr Janice Foster explains: "There is a natural phenomenon (that scientists call the 'greenhouse effect'). This is (when small amounts) (of gases) (in the atmosphere), (like carb

31、on dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun) and (therefore warm the earth). (Without the 'greenhouse effect'), the earth would be (about thirty-three degrees Celsius) cooler (than it is). So, we need those gases. The problem begins (when we add huge quantities) (of extra ca

32、rbon dioxide) (into the atmosphere). It means (that more heat energy tends) (to be trapped) (in the atmosphere) (causing the global temperature) (to go up)." We know (that the levels) (of carbon dioxide) have increased greatly (over the last 100 to 150 years). It was a scientist (called Charles

33、 Keeling), (who made accurate measurements) (of the amount) (of carbon dioxide) (in the atmosphere) (from 1957 to 1997). He found (that) (between these years) the carbon dioxide (in the atmosphere) went up (from around 315 parts) (to around 370 parts) per million (see Graph 2).All scientists accept

34、this data. They also agree (that it is the burning) (of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted) (in this increase) (in carbon dioxide). So how high will the temperature increase go? Dr. Janice Foster says (that) (over the next 100 years) the amount (of warming) could be (as low as 1 to 1.5 deg

35、rees Celsius), but it could be (as high as 5 degrees).However, the attitude (of scientists) (towards this rise) is completely different. (On the one hand), Dr Foster thinks (that) the trend (which increases the temperature) (by 5 degrees) would be a catastrophe. She says, "We can't predict

36、the climate well enough (to know) (what to expect), but it could be very serious." Others (who agree) (with her) think there may be a rise (of several metres) (in the sea level), or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread (of diseases and the disappearance) (of species). (O

37、n the other hand), there are those, (like George Hambley), (who are opposed) (to this view), believe (that we should not worry) (about high levels) (of carbon dioxide) (in the air). They predict (that any warming will be mild) (with few bad environmental consequences). In fact, Hambley states, "

38、;More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range (of animals) - all (of which will make life) (for human beings) better." Greenhouse gases continue (to build up) (in the atmosphere). (Even if we start

39、) (reducing the amount) (of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases), the climate is going (to keep) (on warming) (for decades or centuries). No one knows the effects (of global warming). Does that mean (we should do nothing)? Or, are the risks too great?1. L2 when compared to .当被和*比较时. When+过去分词：

40、 当被*时.2. L6-7左 it is human activity that has caused this.(强调句): 正是人类的行为导致了这.3. L7-8左 rather than A but B. 不是A而是B.4. L29左 without+名词/代词，sb./sth would. (虚拟)：若没有*，sb./sth将*5. L33左 quantities of. 大量的6. L36左 go up: 上升7. L6右 over/in the last/past 100 to 150 years. 在过去的100到150年里，注意前用现在完成时：即主语+have/has +V.过

41、去分词8. L重点句子：1. There is no doubt (that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and (that it is human activity that has caused this global warming) (rather than a random) (but natural phenomenon)2. (Without the 'greenhouse effect'), the earth would be (about thirty-three degrees Celsius) c

42、ooler (than it is).3. 发给4. Gh WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING?Dear Earth Care,I am doing a project (on behalf) (of my school) (about global warming). Sometimes I feel (that individuals can have little effect) (on such huge environmental problems). However, I still think (people should advocate i

43、mprovements) (in the way) (we use energy today). (As I'm not sure where to start with my project), I would appreciate any suggestions (you may have).Thank you!Ouyang GuangDear Ouyang Guang,There are many people (who have a commitment) (like yours), but they do not believe (they have the power) (

44、to do anything) (to improve our environment). That is not true. Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up (with pollution).The growth (of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide) (in the air actually) comes (as a result) (of many things) (we do every day). Here are a few sugge

45、stions (on) (how to reduce it). They should get you started (with your project).1 We use a lot (of energy) (in our houses). It is OK (to leave an electrical appliance) (on) (so long as you are using it) - if not, turn it off! Do not be casual (about this). So (if you are not using the lights, the TV

46、, the computer, and so on), turn them off. (If you are cold), put on more clothes (instead of turning up the heat).2 Motor vehicles use a lot of energy- so walk or ride a bike if you can.3 Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. It takes a lot of energy to m

47、ake things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials.4 Get your parents to buy things that are economical with energy - this includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon d

48、ioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them.6 Finally and most importantly, be an educator. Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.Remember - your contribution counts!Earth Care必修5 Unit1 Great scientists Warming up1. find out:

49、 L2 2. a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment. Chart 23. pass from Chart 4Pre-reading1. set out Q1Reading:1. so that L1 2. think about doing sth. L33. neither A nor B L4&5 Neither they nor I thin.4. many thousands of L5 5. He knew that cholera would never be contro

50、lled until its cause was found. L7&8 翻译：6. He because interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. L9&10翻译：7. The Second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. L12&13翻译：8. He was determined to find out why. L18&

51、;19翻译：9. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. L20翻译：10. They has been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. L25翻译：11. It seemed that the water was to blame. L25&26 翻译：12. look into L27&28 13. He found that it came from the riv

52、er polluted by the dirty water from London. L293031翻译： 14. so that it could not be used L35&36翻译：15. was spread L38&3916. he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 17. L41&42翻译：18. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, like

53、d the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. L42-43翻译：19. have/ get/ make sb. done(过去分词)：20. die of+内因 L4421. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs. L44-45翻译：22. be able to=_; with certainty

54、: _23. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. L46-47翻译：24. prevent/ stop sb./sth. from doing sth:_25. suggest建议用法：suggest that sb./sth. (should) +V.原(do) sth. suggest doing sth. suggest sb. to do sth.26. The water companies we

55、re instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. L47-48翻译：27. was defeated: .Unit1 Great scientists Warming up1. find out: L2 发现，查明，弄清楚2. a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment. Chart 2 一本解释当环境改变时动植物如何发展演变的书。3. pass from Chart 4 从。传递Pre-reading1. set out

56、Q1 陈述，出发Reading:1. so that L1 如此地以至于2. think about doing sth. L3 考虑做某事3. neither A nor B L4&5 a和b都不4. Neither they nor I am thin.5. many thousands of L5 成千上万6. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. L7&8 翻译：他知道霍乱将永远不会被控制，直到它的原因被发现。7. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. L9&10翻译：他对两种可能解释霍乱是怎么杀死人的理论而产生了兴趣。8. The seco