RobinsonCrusoe罗宾逊漂流记讲述学习教案

1、会计学1RobinsonCrusoe罗宾逊漂流记讲述罗宾逊漂流记讲述(jingsh)第一页，共78页。uborn in 1661, died in 1731uson of a London butcher named Foeuat 40, added the aristocratic prefix De-ua jack-of-all-trades as well as a writerua radical Nonconformist in religionua journalist and a pamphleteeruknew prison life (for writing the pamp

2、hlet The Shortest Way with Dissenters)第1页/共77页第二页，共78页。Verses:Hymn to the Pillory 枷刑颂 (1702)Fictions:Robinson Crusoe (1719) Captain Singleton辛格尔顿船长辛格尔顿船长 (1720) Duncan Campbell (1720) Memoirs of a Cavalier (1720) Colonel Jack (1722) Moll Flanders 摩尔摩尔(m r)弗兰德斯弗兰德斯 (1722) Journal of the Plague Year 大

3、疫年纪事大疫年纪事 (1722) The History of the Devil (1726) 第2页/共77页第三页，共78页。uAlong with Samuel Richardson, Defoe is considered the founder of the English novel (before his time stories were usually written as long poems or dramas) uoften given the credit for the discovery of the modern novel; but whether or n

4、ot he deserves that honor is an open question (Robinson Crusoe is largely an adventure story rather than the study of human character)第3页/共77页第四页，共78页。BackgroundBackgroundRobinson Crusoe was partly based on the was partly based on the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk, an 18th actual deeds of Alexan

5、der Selkirk, an 18th century Scottish sailor who spent almost five century Scottish sailor who spent almost five years alone on a desert island.years alone on a desert island. T This novel is his novel is famous for its lovely details and its famous for its lovely details and its expression of belie

6、f in mansexpression of belief in mans ability when ability when left alone in natureleft alone in nature. .第4页/共77页第五页，共78页。Crusoe set sail on the sea voyage in 1651 against the wishes of his parents. After the tumultuous journey, his ship wrecked in a storm. His lust for the sea remained so strong

7、that he set out to the sea again. This journey ends in disaster too and Crusoe became a slave. After 2 years of slavery, he was rescued by a captain of Portuguese, with whose help, Crusoe became an owner of plantation in Brazil.第5页/共77页第六页，共78页。Years later, he joined an expedition to bring slaves fr

8、om Africa. But he was shipwrecked, his companions all died, saved himself and three animals -the captains dog and two cats. Then he lived the lonely life in an isolated island. Years later, Crusoe saved a prisoner, named him Friday. Crusoe then taught him English and converted him a Christianity. Fo

9、ur years later, they were rescued and returned to England. Crusoe lived on uninhabited for 28 years.第6页/共77页第七页，共78页。Saving Friday第7页/共77页第八页，共78页。 Building a fenced-in inhabitation第8页/共77页第九页，共78页。每个成长每个成长(chngzhng)中的青少年，中的青少年，尤其是男孩子都应该读读它尤其是男孩子都应该读读它 。 卢梭卢梭第9页/共77页第十页，共78页。第10页/共77页第十一页，共78页。鲁滨孙漂流

10、记鲁滨孙漂流记笛福笛福第11页/共77页第十二页，共78页。鲁滨孙漂流记一问世即风靡全球又历久不鲁滨孙漂流记一问世即风靡全球又历久不衰。至今已出了几百版，几乎译成了世界上所衰。至今已出了几百版，几乎译成了世界上所有各种文字。有各种文字。据说除圣经据说除圣经(Shngjng)之外，鲁滨孙之外，鲁滨孙漂流记是再版最多的一本书。在欧美国家是漂流记是再版最多的一本书。在欧美国家是儿童的必读书。儿童的必读书。鲁滨孙漂流记鲁滨孙漂流记第12页/共77页第十三页，共78页。生存生存(shngcn)问题问题生存生存(shngcn)，还是毁灭，这是一还是毁灭，这是一个值得思考的问题。个值得思考的问题。鲁滨孙及时

11、调整悲观绝望的心态(xn ti)，决定在岛上顽强地生存下去。第13页/共77页第十四页，共78页。吃喝吃喝住穿住穿是人是人生存生存(shngcn)所依所依赖的赖的物质物质条件。条件。物质物质(wzh)问问题题计算时间、获得的东西、缺乏的东西、打造(dzo)木栅栏围墙、每天觅食第14页/共77页第十五页，共78页。人没有精神人没有精神(jngshn)寄寄托，灵魂就无托，灵魂就无所依附。所依附。精神精神(jngshn)问题问题写日记，思考处境；得出经验教训(jn yn jio xn)，希望得到理解；安心于荒岛生活第15页/共77页第十六页，共78页。 在海难中，同船的在海难中，同船的 11人中，死

12、了十个，人中，死了十个，就他一个人活着，这是上帝对他的特别就他一个人活着，这是上帝对他的特别关照。关照。 从船上获得从船上获得(hud)大量维持生活的必大量维持生活的必需品，这是上帝对他的特别恩赐。需品，这是上帝对他的特别恩赐。 他日记本上列出的六大他日记本上列出的六大“好处好处”更体现更体现了他要顽强活下去的理由。了他要顽强活下去的理由。第16页/共77页第十七页，共78页。鲁滨孙虽身陷绝境, 但他说服自己顽强的活着, 并打定主意在岛上独自生活一辈子, 这需要巨大的勇气。可以看出他是一个非常热爱生命、珍惜生活的人。他活着也许并非为了什么, 仅仅(jnjn)是因为自己是一条生命, 既然是生命就

13、应该善待它。况且他活的积极、主动, 活出了尊严, 这样的人值得活着。鲁滨孙是一个珍惜生命，热爱生活；意志坚强，生存信念执著；勇于(yngy)创造，务实肯干的人。“在最不幸的处境之中，我们也可以把好处和坏处对照起来看，从而找到聊以自慰的事情。”可以概括为一个人在逆境中不要悲观失望(bi un sh wn)，而要努力看到积极的因素，从而改变自己被动的局面。第17页/共77页第十八页，共78页。 鲁滨孙记录时间, 是为了清楚地了解自己是怎么活着的, 可以活多长时间。这表明了他对生存(shngcn)下去充满信心。 记叙了他制作日历, 记录时间, 从船上获得物品, 艰难地打造木栅栏围墙, 以及每天在岛上

14、各处寻找食物。这样写, 从一个侧面体现了人类创造(chungzo)生活的艰难, 也表现了鲁滨孙勤于创造(chungzo)、务实肯干的精神。第18页/共77页第十九页，共78页。 日记是为了记录生活，抚慰心灵，而且要面对自我。鲁滨孙记日记的行为，表明他作为一个文明人精神方面的需要，为了使自己的精神有所寄托，减轻心中的苦闷，便于深入思考当前的处境。在荒岛上，鲁滨孙有理由相信上帝的存在(cnzi)（这部作品里多次提到圣经及鲁滨孙对上帝的祈祷，有了这个前提，鲁滨孙就有了活下去的精神支柱，活的有理由，有意义。 本文(bnwn)没有生动的故事，作者是通过心理描写来刻画人物性格表现作品主题的。 用第一人称来

15、写，便于展现“我”的内心世界,使作品更具真实感,缩小了作品和读者之间的距离。第19页/共77页第二十页，共78页。第20页/共77页第二十一页，共78页。第21页/共77页第二十二页，共78页。第22页/共77页第二十三页，共78页。Friday is loyal to Robinson. he has no temper and he is outgoing ,kindhearted. Friday to Robinson is what a child to father, whenever and whatever it is, Friday prefers to sacrifice h

16、imself to protect Robinson. Robinson has saved a poor savages life and soul ,he feels very happy. in this lonely island ,it is Friday who release Robinson deep inner pressure. but he feels superior to Friday, he asks Friday to call himself “master”, that implies his ambition to dominate and colonize

17、 other savage tribes. excuse to colonization by the white.第23页/共77页第二十四页，共78页。The book proved so popular that the name of the two main protagonists have entered the language. The term “Robinson Crusoe” is virtually synonymous with the word” castaway” and is often used as a metaphor for being rejecte

18、d.Idioms from the book第24页/共77页第二十五页，共78页。Robinson Crusoe usually referred to his servant as My man Friday, from which the term Man Friday originated, referring to a dedicated personal assistant, servant, or companion.第25页/共77页第二十六页，共78页。Everyone can be abandoned on the desert island like Robinson,

19、the truth is even we are now living around in a hustle and bustle of large crowds, we still have a lot of moment to be alone, to work our own path of life all alone. but luckily, what Robinson Crusoe shows us is: solitude is not a horrible thing; the really sad thing is we can not stand on our own f

20、eet in the misery of that endless loneliness.Deeper meaning 第26页/共77页第二十七页，共78页。He is considered one of the greatest fiction writers of 18th-century England. Defoe was a very good story-teller. He had a gift for organizing minute (careful and exact) details in such a vivid way that his stories could

21、 be both credible and fascinating. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, while leave on the reader an impression of casual narration. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is comm

22、on English at its best. Adventures of Robinson Crusoe第27页/共77页第二十八页，共78页。The story of Robinson Crusoe is well-known throughout the world. It tells of how Robinson Crusoe, an English mariner, having shipwrecked on an island, managed to struggle for live for 28 years there and rescued a black man, who

23、m he named Friday, from the cannibals (person who eats human flesh). Later, Robinson got hold of a ship and sailed home. The books “realistic” touch and ingenuity (originality) aroused great interest from the readers both in England and abroad.第28页/共77页第二十九页，共78页。The story was based on the life of A

24、lexander Selkirk, who was put ashore on an uninhabitated island and spent 5 years there. Defoe was probably familiar with several versions of this tale, and added many incidents from his own imagination to his account of Crusoe, presenting it as a true story. The story starts with Robinson Crusoes r

25、unning away from home. An inexperienced teenager and a young man full of bright fancies about the future, he naturally chooses going to sea, because in those days it meant a chance to live a chivalrous life, to see the wonders of the world and to make a fortune. 第29页/共77页第三十页，共78页。After many setback

26、s and adventures on the sea, he settles down in Brazil as a planter. But the call of the sea is so strong that he soon embarks on another voyage, this time, to Africa. Unfortunately a frightful storm blows the boat off its course and shipwrecks it near an island.第30页/共77页第三十一页，共78页。Of all the ships

27、crew Robinson alone escapes to the shore after strenuous efforts. After salvaging from the wrecked ship some stores of necessities such as bread, rice, barley, corn, planks, lead and gunpowder, an axe and two saws, which he later manages to bring to the island with a self-made raft. After several fu

28、tile attempts to leave the island, Robinson settles himself down to a hard and lonely life. 第31页/共77页第三十二页，共78页。 He grows crops, domesticates animals and builds comfortable homes himself. His life takes a turn for the better when he saves from the hands of savages a young Negro, whom he names Friday

29、. Robinson teaches him English and educates him in such a way that Friday soon becomes a loyal servant and an indispensable help to him. Finally they are picked up by an English ship and return to England. Thus ends the first part of the story.第32页/共77页第三十三页，共78页。In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the

30、 growth of Robinson from a nave and artless （simple, innocent） youth into a shrewd and hardened (strong-minded) man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single-handedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of the no

31、vel. 第33页/共77页第三十四页，共78页。Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototy

32、pe of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.第34页/共77页第三十五页，共78页。As a member of the middle class, Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class and his novels enjoyed great popularity among the less cultivated readers. In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy (不屈(bq)的

33、) middle class. 第35页/共77页第三十六页，共78页。37Life on the islandCharacters of RobinsonRobinsons companionsTools and foodCrusoe Visits the WreckThe FootprintCrusoe Saves Friday fromthe Cannibals Plot overviewBackgroundPericopes第36页/共77页第三十七页，共78页。u Defoes masterpiece uconsisting of three volumes, only the fi

34、rst one very popular, published in hundreds of editions and scores of languagesubased on the experiences of Alexander Selkirk, a captain lived alone in an island for 5 yearsu creating a visual picture that manifests how human history has developed from the primitive to the feudal and then to the cap

35、italistic in the 18th century第37页/共77页第三十八页，共78页。ua glorification of bourgeois qualities of individualism, private enterprise, and even of laboruits details told in a simple, straightforward style, adding to the realistic effect of the storyustarting the tradition of realistic description and presen

36、ting authentic details which are important for the later development of the novel.第38页/共77页第三十九页，共78页。u at the early stage, an individual laborer, and then a master, until at last an exploiter, a colonizer.u an image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th centuryu an embodiment of the spirit of i

37、ndividual enterprise and colonial expansion.u a man struggling against nature and human fate, with indomitable will .第39页/共77页第四十页，共78页。Click to add title in here Friday is loyal to Robinson. He has no temper and he is outgoing, kindhearted. Friday to Robinson is what a child to father. Whenever and

38、 whatever it is, Friday prefers to sacrifice himself to protect Robinson. Friday 第40页/共77页第四十一页，共78页。Click to add title in here Although Robinson has tested Friday many times, Friday Although Robinson has tested Friday many times, Fridays behavior doesns behavior doesnt t disappoint him, Fridaydisap

39、point him, Friday proves proves his loyalty. Robinson has saved a poor his loyalty. Robinson has saved a poor savagesavages life and soul, he feels very happy. In this lonely island, it is Friday s life and soul, he feels very happy. In this lonely island, it is Friday who who releaserelease Robinso

40、n deep inner pressure. Friday Robinson deep inner pressure. Fridays appearance makes s appearance makes Robinson not so confused. He becomes Robinson not so confused. He becomes positivepositive to life . to life . In fact, everyone living in noisy society will have the feeling of loneliness, Robins

41、on is a In fact, everyone living in noisy society will have the feeling of loneliness, Robinson is a member in the real society and he is the model of ourselves. Friday is the member in the real society and he is the model of ourselves. Friday is the inner true inner true egos egos in our hearts. He

42、 leads us to find the directions and helps us to overcome the in our hearts. He leads us to find the directions and helps us to overcome the difficulty.difficulty.Friday 第41页/共77页第四十二页，共78页。第42页/共77页第四十三页，共78页。第43页/共77页第四十四页，共78页。第44页/共77页第四十五页，共78页。Theme 第45页/共77页第四十六页，共78页。第46页/共77页第四十七页，共78页。第47页

43、/共77页第四十八页，共78页。Friday 第48页/共77页第四十九页，共78页。第49页/共77页第五十页，共78页。Writing style第50页/共77页第五十一页，共78页。day they met.第51页/共77页第五十二页，共78页。own efforts.第52页/共77页第五十三页，共78页。第53页/共77页第五十四页，共78页。but from communication with God. 第54页/共77页第五十五页，共78页。Click to add title in here Click to add title in here Click to add

44、title in here Crusoe save a prisoner, naming his new companion Friday after the day of the week he appeared. Crusoe then teaches him English.Last part:第55页/共77页第五十六页，共78页。Click to add title in here Friday is extremely grateful and becomes Robinsons devoted servant. He learns some English and takes o

45、n the Christian religion. For some years the two live happily. Click to add title in here Part 5:第56页/共77页第五十七页，共78页。Click to add title in here Then, another ship of savages arrives with three prisoners. Together Crusoe and Friday are able to save two of them. One is a Spaniard; the other is Fridays

46、 father. Their reunion is very joyous. Both have come from the mainland close by.Click to add title in here Following:第57页/共77页第五十八页，共78页。Click to add title in here With the help of his new workers, Crusoe increases his agricultural capacity. After a few months, they leave to bring back the rest of the Spaniards men. Crusoe is happy that his island is being peopled.What will happen next following:第58页/共77页第五十九页，共78页。Click to add title in here Before the Spaniard and Fridays father can return, a boat of European men comes ashore. There are three prisoners. While most of the