人教版选修八第二单元词汇学习

1、Unit 2 Cloning 词汇学习1differ vi. 不同；相异different adj. 不同的 有区别的 相异的difference n. 不同；不同之处differ from. 不同于differ in. 在方面不同A differs from B in. A与B在方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over. A与B就意见相左be different from 与不同make a/some/no difference to sb./sth.对某人/某物有/有些/没有影响或作用And everybody's preferences differ

2、.而各人偏好又是千差万别。Attitudes towards this hot topic differ widely.人们对此热点话题态度不一。They differ in size but not in kind. 它们的区别只是大小不同而实质一样。I differ with my classmates on that issue. 我在这问题上与班里的同学意见相左。Opinions on various social questions differ from person to person.有关各种社会问题的意见因人而异。I cannot see where th

3、ey differ from each other: to me they look exactly alike. 我看不出他们彼此有什么不同，在我看来，他们确实很相像。They differ with each other on moral standards.关于道德标准,他们的见解不同。即学即练(1)Men are all alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they _.人在许诺时都一样，不同之处在于他们的行动。(2)I have to _ you _ that.在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。(3)

4、The two squares differ_ colour but not _ size.这两个正方形的颜色不相同,大小却一样。differdiffer with; onin; inThoughts of Oriental(东方人) differ much_ westerners in a number of ways.A. between B. between those C. from D. from those ofWrite of 写, 记述 Peter wrote of his adventures in the war every week.彼得每星期都写他在战争中的冒险经历。

5、2undertake vt. 着手，从事，承担；承诺，答应, 保证； (后接to do)undertaking n. 任务，事业；承诺，答应undertake a task/project承担一个任务/项目undertake this job 从事这项工作undertake an important mission 承担一项重要使命undertake to do sth. 答应做某事undertake that-clause 保证undertake for sth. 为负责 1). She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承担了

6、做出这些改变的责任。2). He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之内还钱。3) I'll undertake for your security. 我将保证你的安全。4) We could undertake the work for the time being. 我们可暂时承担这项工作。5) I want you to undertake all the arrangements.我希望你来负责全面安排工作。6) He undertook to finish the job by Fri

7、day.他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。7) I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。8) Who will undertake responsibility for this work?谁将承担这项工作的责任?9) She undertook the task of monitoring the elections. 她承担了监督选举的任务。MAY YOU SUCCEED IN YOUR UNDERTAKING!祝你在事业上成功。He made no attempt to carry out his undertaki

8、ng.他无意实现他的诺言。即学即练2(1)The company has announced that it will _ a full investigation _ the accident. (undertake)公司已宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。3pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；还清; 付清工资解雇pay money for sth. 付钱买pay for付的钱；为而付出代价 pay back 还钱，报复;回报pay out 付出大笔款项；放松pay up 付清欠款At worst we'll have to sell the house so as to pay of

9、f our debts. 在最坏的情况下，我们将不得不卖掉房子来还清债务。1). At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。2). Our efforts are sure to pay off.我们的努力一定会得到回报。3) His hard work paid off when he got the promotion.他得到了提升,他的努力没有白费。4) Two years of business school really paid off.在商业学校就读两年真是很合算。5) Many steel-workers have b

10、een paid off.许多钢铁工人发薪后被辞退了。Mr. Li was driving a taxi on the weekends to pay off all his debts.李先生周末开出租车赚钱以还清他的所有债务。Her design won the first prize in the competition. Years of patience and hard work had at last paid off.她的设计在比赛中获得一等奖。多年的耐心和艰苦工作终于得到了好的结果。Li Feng won the first prize in the national Eng

11、lish competition.Oh，really？Im glad that her efforts at last_.Aworked out Bgot backCpaid off Dturned out即学即练(1)They _ their debt after ten years.十年后他们还清了债务。(2)Two hundred workers have _.200名工人已被结清工资了。(3)They took a hell of a risk but it _.他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。paid offbeen paid offpaid off4cast vt.&vi

12、. (cast, cast) 投掷；投射；抛cast down 使沮丧/不愉快;扔掉;推翻cast aside 抛弃，消除，废除cast away 抛弃，丢掉，使(船)漂流，(船)失事cast behind 疏远；把抛在脑后cast off 丢弃cast ones eyes over 审视cast ones mind back to sth. 回顾，回想cast light on/uponthrow light upon 弄清楚The enemy cast down their weapons.敌人扔掉武器。The girl cast down her eyes modestly when s

13、he was praised.姑娘受到表扬时，谦虚地垂下了眼睛。He was cast down by the sad news.这悲伤的消息使他情绪低落。Why are you so angry and cast down?你为什么这样生气,脸色也变了呢?He has been very much cast down by his failure in the examination.他因考试不及格，情绪一直很低落。At last he returned to his palace quite cast down, because he wished so much to have a re

14、al Princess for his wife.结果，他只好回到自己的皇宫来，心中很不快活，因为他是那么渴望着得到一位真正的公主。即学即练(1)Dont be so _. Just keep up your spirits.不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！(2)As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen _ their nets _ the sea.渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。(3)As soon as he became rich he _ all his old friends who gave him some he

15、lp.他一富起来就抛弃了所有曾经给过他帮助的老朋友。cast downcast; intocast aside5object vi. 反对，不赞成n. 实物；目的；对象objection n. 反对；厌恶objective adj. 真实的，客观的 无偏见的object to sb./sth. 反对，不赞成某人/事object to doing sth. 反对做某事object to sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对提出异议have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth.

16、对表示反对If nobody objects，well postpone the meeting till next week.如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。I object to such treatment. /to being treated like this. 对这种待遇受到这样的待遇我表示抗议。I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反对收停车费。He tried to object against me for the position, but in vain. 他竭力反对我获取那个职位，但没

17、有成功。I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive. 我反对该项计划，理由是花费太大。I objected that he was too young for the position .我提出反对意见他太年轻不合适这个职位。Nobody raised any objection to my doing it right now.没人反对我现在就做这件事。My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much .我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。He

18、 took objection to what I said. 他不同意我说的话。Have you any objection to changing your working hours? 你对改变你的工作时间有什么异议吗？1. I enjoyed school. But I did _ to having to go to school every day once weve done all our exams.A. object B. oppose C. turn D. help2We _ to punishing a whole group for one per

19、sons fault.Acomplain BobjectCoppose Dresist6obtain vt. 获得，取得；买到；借到obtain employment 就业，找到工作 obtain information 获得信息；索取资料或合同 obtain evidence 取证 obtain knowledge 获得知识obtain sth from sb/sth 从获得某物1). I haven t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到处都没买到那张唱片。2). He said that the police had obtained

20、this information by illegal means. 他说警方是靠非法手段获得这一资料的。3) Further information can be obtained from head office.更多想信息可从总部获取。4)You can obtain the application from the registrar. 你可以向注册人员索取申请书。You can also obtain knowledge through practice.你还可以从实践经验中获得知识。obtainable adj能得到的; 可获得的Are his records still

21、 obtainable? 即学即练5(1)I havent been able to _ anywhere.我到处都没买到那本书。(2)He failed to _.他没有获得奖学金。(3)Details can be _ the Ministry of Education.可以从教育部获知详情。obtain that bookobtain a scholarshipobtained fromAttain 实现；获得；达到 attain one's aim/goal/purpose 达到目的 attain the position/ambitionattain better econo

22、mic results 取得较好的经济效益 attain long-term prosperity 实现长期的繁荣 attain the opposite shore 到达对岸 +介词 attain to 达到,获得 attain to distinction 出名 attain to man's manhood 达到成年 attain to power 得到权力 We can attain whatever goal we set in our mind. 我们设定了什么目标，就能实现什么目标。 She attained her ambition of becoming a pilo

23、t. 她实现了成为一个飞行员的志向。Can you attain the goal you have set yourselves?你们是否能够达到你们的目的?I'm determined to attain my purpose at any cost. 我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。He attained the position of minister. 他得到了部长的职位。He tried in vain to attain to fame.他想出名但未成功。7forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；反对; 不准；forbid

24、 sb. sth. 禁止某人某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbidden zone/ area 禁区/地Forbidden City 紫禁城(故宫)forbid children sweets禁止孩子吃糖forbid sb. the house 不准某人进屋forbid minors from entering 禁止未成年人进入I forbid you the use of my tape recorder.我不许你用我的录音机。He forbids smoking during office hours.他禁止

25、在办公时间抽烟。I will forbid you to leave unless you apologize for what you have done.如果你不为自己所做的事情道歉，我不允许你离开。 I can't forbid you/your seeing that man again. 我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往。The staff are forbidden to use the front entrance.禁止员工使用正门出入。God forbid that we should do any such thing!上帝哪能让我们干这种事情!Smoking

26、is forbidden on the plane.飞机上禁止吸烟。It is hard to forbid children (to play) computer games.要禁止小孩子不玩电脑游戏很难。He forbade them from mentioning the subject again.他不准他们再提这个问题。 1He was in poor health，so the doctor _ him to drink wine.Ahoped BdemandedCforbade Dprevented2Can I smoke here?Sorry. We dont allow _

27、here.Apeople smoking Bpeople smokeCto smoke Dsmoking3. The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, _after11 p.m.A. from staying out B. to stay out C., staying out D. stay out8. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积 accumulation n. u,c 积累Accumulate working experience, make the life rich and c

28、olorful!累积工作经验，让生活丰富多彩！1). By working hard you may accumulate a fortune.努力工作，你就会积蓄一笔财产。2). Dust and dirt soon accumulate if ahouse is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很快就越积越多。3) He paused and let the silence accumulate for a while.他停顿了一下，让冷场持续了好一会儿。1). A thick layer of dust _ (accumulate) in the ro

29、om, so he had to give it a thorough cleaning. 2). Despite this _ (accumulate) of evidence, the Government persisted in doing nothing. Keys: 1). had accumulated 2). accumulation 9owe vt.欠(钱、物、债等)；应当给予;应该把归功于；感激，感恩(1)owe sb. sth.或owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物owe.to. 把归功于owe it to sb. that.多亏某人帮忙(2)owing tobeca

30、use of“因为，由于”，后接名词、代词、动名词做宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。1). He owes his father £50. = He owes £50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。You owe me an apology.你得向我道歉。Thanks for helping meI owe you a favour.谢谢你帮助我我欠你一个人情。We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们的这一发现归功于牛顿。He owes his success to hard work and practice.他把他的成功归功

31、于努力工作和实践。If I have improved in any way，I owe it all to my teacher.如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。We should do the duty which we owe to our country.我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。I owe it to you that I finished my

32、work in time.多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。Owing to the rain，they could not come.由于下雨，他们不能来了。Owing to her assistance，we succeeded in starting the engine.多亏她帮忙，我们才成功启动了引擎。She owes her success _ good luck rather than _ ability.Ato；and Bof；toCto；to Dto；in10bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心n. 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人bother with/about sth. 花费时

33、间或精力(做某事) ;为而烦恼；因操心bother sb. about/with sth. 使某人烦恼/不安It bothers sb. that./to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是bother to do/doing sth. 操心做某事; 费神做Sorry to bother you，but there is a call for you.很抱歉打扰你一下，有你的电话。I dont want to bother her with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。It bothers me that he hasnt been tellin

34、g me the truth.他一直没有对我讲真话，这让我很苦恼。He didnt even bother to let me know he was coming.他甚至连通知都没通知我他要来。I hate to be a bother，but could I use your phone?给您添麻烦了，我可以用一下电话吗？Don't get into such a bother about small matters. 不要为了区区小事而如此焦虑。1Im sorry to _ you，but can you tellme the way to the nearest su

35、permarket?I will do some shopping，too. Shall we walk there together?AbotherBcarry Caffect Daward2Im very sorry to have _you with so many questions on such an occasion.Aattracted BabstractedCimpressed Dbothered11strike vt. & vi.打，撞击，冲击，罢工，打动，划燃，侵袭，突然想起 n罢工，打击be struck with(by) 为所侵袭； 为所触动(感动)It st

36、rikes me that.我觉得；我的印象是strike a match划火柴strike on/upon 打在上；撞到上be on strike 举行罢工go on strike 实行罢工Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁热打铁。The ship might strike on a reef.船可能触礁了。A thought struck her. Was she jealous of her mother, then? 她突然冒出一个念头。那她是在嫉妒自己的母亲吗?On hearing the soft footsteps outside he

37、r room, she was struck with panic.一听到门外有轻轻的脚步声,她惊慌失措。He was struck with the beauty of scenery.他被美丽的景色迷住了。He struck me as a very serious but friendly person. 他在我眼里是个非常严肃但友好的人。1)The workers were striking / on strike because they wanted more money.工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。2)When the clock struck five, the str

38、ike started.当钟敲响了五点，罢工开始了。3) It strikes me that none of them trusts each other.他们当中没有一个人信赖对方这使我震惊。4)The match wont strike because of the moisture of the air.由于空气潮湿，火柴划不着。5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which struck the area last week.上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。10resist v. 忍住；顶住；抵御；反抗resistan

39、ce n. 反抗resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐的resist sth. 抵制、阻挡某事resist doing sth. 反对做某事cant resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事be resistant to 对有抵抗力resist the temptation 抵制诱惑resist arrest 拒捕resist diseases 抵抗疾病 You should resist the temptation.您应当抵制这种诱惑。He could resist her charm no longer.他再也抗拒不住她的魅力。The man was shot outside

40、his house as he tried to resist arrest. 那个男人因为试图拒捕在他住宅外被击中。I could hardly resist laughing.我忍不住笑了起来。 He is in good health- he is able to resist diseases.他身体健康，能抵抗疾病。 I couldnt resist having a look at her diary.我忍不住看了一眼她的日记。 There has been a lot of resistance to this new law.这项新的法规已经遇到很多的抵制。Only by de

41、termined resistance could their country be saved. 只有坚决抵抗，他们的国家才能得救。She is overweight, but she cant _ the temptation to eat more delicious food.A. forbid B. attach C. allow D. resist12in favour of 赞成；支持;对有利in favour 赞同；流行；得宠in favour with sb. 受某人支持in sb.s favour 对某人有利out of favour 失宠；不流行do sb. a

42、 favourdo a favour for sb. 帮某人忙do sb. the favour to do sth. 帮某人做owe sb. a favour 欠某人情ask a favor 请求帮忙1). I am in favor of your suggestion. 我赞成你的提议。2). I talked to Susan about it, and she sall in favor of going. 我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同走。3). Senior ministers spoke in favour of theproposal. 2). Would you do me

43、 a favor and turn offthe radio? 点拨】 表示“支持，赞同某人/某事”除用in favour of之外；其它常用：be for sb./sth. stand by; stand on ones side表示“不支持，赞同某人/某事”be against sb./sth.【拓展延伸】 favor vt. 赞同；支持The child favors his father with his brown eyes. 这个孩子的棕色眼睛像他的父亲。【即境活用】I dont like to ask people for help as a rule but I wonder

44、if you could _me a favour.A. make B. do C. find D. get即学即练12(1)Are you _ cloning or _ cloning?你是支持还是反对克隆(技术)?(2)There were 247 votes _ the plan and 152 against. 有247票同意这个计划，152票反对。in favour of; againstin favour of(3)Shes not _ the media just now.目前她没有媒体的捧场。(4)The exchange rate is _ at the moment.目前汇

45、率对我们有利。(5)Could you _ and pick up Sam from school?你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？in favour within our favourdo me a favour13be bound to 一定；注定bound v. 跳跃；限制；形成的界线n. 跳跃；界线，范围adj. 必然的，一定的；准备到去的be bound to sth. 被束缚于某物；被绑在某物上be bound to do sth. 一定会、有义务去做某事be bound (for.) 准备(去)be bound up in 热心于，忙于be bound up with 与有密切关系I

46、'll be bound. 我确信1). The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好。 2). You ve done so much work thatyou're bound to pass the exam. 你下了这么大工夫, 一定能考及格。 (3)The plane is bound for New York.这架飞机是飞往纽约的。(4)He's too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.他工作太忙，没有时间多陪孩子们

47、。1). These problems were almost bound to arise. (arise)2). When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes are bound to happen. 即学即练13(1)Its _ sunny again tomorrow.明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。(2)We _ obey the law.我们有义务遵守法律。bound to beare bound to14in good/bad condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)be in good condition(be in

48、a good state)(人)健康状况好；(东西)保存/保养得好out of/in bad condition(人)身体不适；(物)保养得不好working/living conditions工作/生活条件studying conditions 学习环境in difficult conditions在困难的条件下economic conditions经济形势in/under favourable conditions在有利的形势下on condition that. 在条件下； 只要; 倘若(相当于so long as或if) on this/that condition在这种/那种条件下o

49、n no condition 一点也不; 决不 (1)The car is still in good condition.这车状况仍然良好。(2)The miners there worked in dreadful conditions.那里的矿工们在极其恶劣的环境中工作。1). The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航。2). The car is still in excellent condition. 这小车状况极佳。 (3)You must on no c

50、ondition tell him what has happened.你无论在什么情况下都不可告诉他所发生的事。(4)Ill do it on condition that you pay for everything.我可以做此事，条件是你得支付一切费用。练习介词填空。1). The car has been well maintained and is _ excellent condition. 2). He s _ excellent condition _ a man of his age. 3). I had no exercise for ages; I m really _ condition. 4). You can go out _ condition that you wear an overcoat.Keys: 1). in 2). in; for 3). out of 4). on6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年从部队退役。2). Our forces retired to prepared position