国粹京剧BeijingOpera

1、 what are they?1.peking opera2.traditional chinese painting3.traditional chinese medicine4.wushupeking opera 京京 剧剧 operapekingthe history of opera in chinathe long history - hannit is thought that the theater existed in the han dynasty, nas pictured by bas-relief carvings depicted play-acting found

2、in the han tombs, nbut most likely, the actors in the han dynasty performed only brief sketches.汉the long history - songnopera became a true art form in the song dynasty， nand the theater appeared in the form of a stage enclosed by railings.宋the long history - yuannopera really began to flourish in

3、the yuan dynasty, nwhen music, songs and dances were interwoven into well-developed plots; nactors gave performances in fixed theaters nand the shows drew their themes from chinese historical events, fictional tales of former ages and folk stories. 元the long history - todaynnow opera has developed i

4、nto 300 different schools, namong which the most famous and popular one is peking opera.新中国peking opera = national operasocial meaningnknown as chinas national opera, peking opera is originated in the late 18th century on the basis of some local operas in anhui and hubei provinces. npeking opera is

5、the most influential and representative of all operas in china. nit had won great honor and popularity not only in china but also throughout the world.unique performing style npeking opera bears the characteristics of “comprehensiveness”, “formality”, and “symbolism”, which help form its unique perf

6、orming style. nclassic peking opera combines many forms which, in western drama, are separated.unique performing style nit is a harmonious combination of opera, operetta, ballet, acrobatic display and history play. nit is an exciting panorama including the performing arts of singing, dancing, dialog

7、ue, monologue, acrobatic combat and mime. unique performing style :musicdanceliteraturepaintingwushuacrobaticspeking operaunique performing stylenall these arts are blended into one great theatrical art without a trace of affectation, with some being emphasized. nthe result is that there are song pl

8、ays in which the emphasis is on singing, acting plays in which dance is in predomination, or combat play where acrobatic combat is the chief means of expression.the character rolesnthe character roles in peking opera are divide into four types according to the sex, status, and profession of the char

9、acter. nthey are sheng, dan, jing and chou. shengnthe sheng are the leading male actors and they play scholars, officials, generals, etc. sheng can subdivided into:nlao sheng who wear beards and represent old men.sheng can subdivided into:nxiao sheng who play young men.sheng can subdivided into:nwen

10、 sheng who are the scholars and the civil servants.sheng can subdivided into:nwu sheng who are soldiers and other fighters.danndan are the female roles.nbefore the founding of the peoples republic of china, the female roles are played by men with female impersonators. dan are subdivided into various

11、 types. nlao dan are elderly women. dan are subdivided into various types. nqing yi are women who are aristocratic ladies in elegant costumes. dan are subdivided into various types. nhua dan are the ladies, maids, usually in bright colored costumes. dan are subdivided into various types. ndao ma dan

12、 are the warrior women. dan are subdivided into various types. ncai dan are female comedians.nlook at the following pictures, and try to find out which type of the character roles they play.neach team should choose a member as your representative to the blackboard, and write down your answers.nthe t

13、ime limit: 1 min.jing-painted facenone of the distinct features of peking opera is its make-up or painted face which can help recognize the type of role.npainted face is applied to jing roles only.n脸谱是中国戏剧演员面部化妆的一种程式，有着悠脸谱是中国戏剧演员面部化妆的一种程式，有着悠久的历史。久的历史。n中国古代有种傩舞，就是在驱鬼逐疫的祭祀仪式上中国古代有种傩舞，就是在驱鬼逐疫的祭祀仪式上跳的舞

14、，跳这种舞时，舞者都戴上假面。跳的舞，跳这种舞时，舞者都戴上假面。n这种傩舞在个别地区还发展为傩戏。这种傩舞在个别地区还发展为傩戏。n另外，据说北齐（公元另外，据说北齐（公元550557年）兰陵王高长恭年）兰陵王高长恭相貌英俊，武艺超群，在战斗中因为他貌美如妇人，相貌英俊，武艺超群，在战斗中因为他貌美如妇人，不足威慑敌人，所以往往戴上凶恶的面具。不足威慑敌人，所以往往戴上凶恶的面具。n在以后南北朝和隋唐乐舞中还有表现这一故事的节在以后南北朝和隋唐乐舞中还有表现这一故事的节目。目。n这种祭祀和乐舞中的假面无疑与后来产生的脸谱有这种祭祀和乐舞中的假面无疑与后来产生的脸谱有密切的关系。密切的关系。n

15、在唐代的参军戏中仍然使用面具，但也开始用染面在唐代的参军戏中仍然使用面具，但也开始用染面化妆来表现某些鬼神形象。化妆来表现某些鬼神形象。n到明代，在元杂剧的基础上，戏曲中各类角色的分到明代，在元杂剧的基础上，戏曲中各类角色的分工更细了，脸谱也逐渐规范化了。工更细了，脸谱也逐渐规范化了。n在清代，随着京剧的兴起，脸谱造型日趋完善，至在清代，随着京剧的兴起，脸谱造型日趋完善，至清末脸谱已趋定型。清末脸谱已趋定型。nbased on the materials on the next slide, make an interpretation about the symbolic meanings

16、of brilliant colors on the “painted face”.neach team should choose a member to present the result of your interpretation.nthe time limit: 4 min.一个脸谱的主象征着人物的品质和气质。一个脸谱的主象征着人物的品质和气质。n红色一般表示忠勇、正直，如关羽、妾维、常遇春红色一般表示忠勇、正直，如关羽、妾维、常遇春 ；n黄色象征枭勇、凶暴、沉着，如宇文成都、典韦黄色象征枭勇、凶暴、沉着，如宇文成都、典韦 ；n蓝色或绿色的脸谱表示一些粗豪暴躁的人物，如窦尔蓝色或绿

17、色的脸谱表示一些粗豪暴躁的人物，如窦尔敦、马武等敦、马武等 ；n白色的脸谱一般表示奸臣、坏人，如曹操、赵高等；白色的脸谱一般表示奸臣、坏人，如曹操、赵高等； n紫色象征刚正、稳练、沉着；紫色象征刚正、稳练、沉着；n黑色的脸谱表示刚烈、正直、勇猛甚至鲁莽，如包拯、黑色的脸谱表示刚烈、正直、勇猛甚至鲁莽，如包拯、张飞、李逵等；张飞、李逵等； n金色和银色则通常用来表示神怪。金色和银色则通常用来表示神怪。脸谱艺术是戏曲中的化妆手段，也是一种富有装饰性的脸谱艺术是戏曲中的化妆手段，也是一种富有装饰性的图案，成为中国画的一个新的品种。图案，成为中国画的一个新的品种。jing-painted facere

18、dnsuggests loyalty. yellownsuggests cunning and treachery. bluensuggests cruelty. whitensuggests treacherous and villainy.purplensuggests principled, upright, firm and composed.blacknsuggests strong, honest, valorous, and even precipitant.gold and silver nsuggests gods and spirits.脸谱的分类：n脸谱根据描绘着色方式，

19、分为：揉，勾，抹，破四种脸谱根据描绘着色方式，分为：揉，勾，抹，破四种基本类型。基本类型。n揉脸：凝重威武，整色为主，加重五官纹理加以实现。揉脸：凝重威武，整色为主，加重五官纹理加以实现。是十分古老的脸谱形式。是十分古老的脸谱形式。脸谱的分类：n脸谱根据描绘着色方式，分为：揉，勾，抹，破四脸谱根据描绘着色方式，分为：揉，勾，抹，破四种基本类型。种基本类型。n勾脸：色彩绚丽，图案丰富，复杂美丽，五彩缤纷，勾脸：色彩绚丽，图案丰富，复杂美丽，五彩缤纷，有的还贴金敷银，华丽无比。有的还贴金敷银，华丽无比。脸谱的分类：n脸谱根据描绘着色方式，分为：揉，勾，抹，破四种脸谱根据描绘着色方式，分为：揉，勾，

20、抹，破四种基本类型。基本类型。n抹脸：浅色为多，以为涂粉于面，不以真面目示人，抹脸：浅色为多，以为涂粉于面，不以真面目示人，突出奸诈坏人之性。突出奸诈坏人之性。脸谱的分类：n脸谱根据描绘着色方式，分为：揉，勾，抹，破四种脸谱根据描绘着色方式，分为：揉，勾，抹，破四种基本类型。基本类型。n破脸：不对称脸，左右不一，形容面貌丑陋或意比反破脸：不对称脸，左右不一，形容面貌丑陋或意比反面角色。面角色。 图案排列根据脸谱的图案排列，又把脸谱分为以下四种：根据脸谱的图案排列，又把脸谱分为以下四种：n整脸：整脸：最原始的脸谱形式，利用双眉把脸分为额和面最原始的脸谱形式，利用双眉把脸分为额和面两个部分的脸谱。

21、两个部分的脸谱。图案排列根据脸谱的图案排列，又把脸谱分为以下四种：根据脸谱的图案排列，又把脸谱分为以下四种：n三块瓦脸：三块瓦脸：在整脸的基础上再利用口鼻把面部在整脸的基础上再利用口鼻把面部分为左右的脸谱。分为左右的脸谱。图案排列根据脸谱的图案排列，又把脸谱分为以下四种：根据脸谱的图案排列，又把脸谱分为以下四种：n花三块瓦脸：花三块瓦脸：把三块瓦脸的分界边缘艺术化，把三块瓦脸的分界边缘艺术化，加上各式图案的脸谱。加上各式图案的脸谱。 图案排列根据脸谱的图案排列，又把脸谱分为以下四种：根据脸谱的图案排列，又把脸谱分为以下四种：n碎脸：碎脸：三块瓦脸的变种，其分界边缘花形极大，三块瓦脸的变种，其分

22、界边缘花形极大，破坏了原有的轮廓。破坏了原有的轮廓。chounthe term for clowns in peking opera is chou.ntheir task is to keep the audience laughing and to improvise quips at the right moments to ease tension in some serious plays.the musical instrumentsnthe music and singing are the most essential elements in opera.nthe wind,

23、stringed and percussion instruments are all used in peking opera music. nthe main stringed instrument used is the fiddle known as the jing hu, a small two-strings bowed instrument. the tune and musical accompanimentnthe music of peking opera combines 1.the er huang tune from anhui opera, 2.the xi pi

24、 tune from hanju (hubei opera), 3.the tunes and musical accompaniment of kunqu (kunshan opera).singingnsinging in peking opera consists of a score of melodies based on xi pi and er huang tunes.nxi pi tune is usually used for expressing strong emotions. ner huang is proper tune for deep and sorrowful

25、 feelings. spoken dialoguespoken dialogues are done in two forms: nyun bai, which sounds like the hubei and anhui dialects, and it is used by main and serious characters. njing bai, which sounds like the beijing dialect, and it is for minor and frivolous roles.performancenoften there are just a table and a few chairs on the stage. nthe description of many situations depends on the performance of the actors and actresses. n