新概念英语第二册Lesson21Madornot课件谷风讲课

1、mad or not? 1沐风教资pre-taskpre-task how does the writer feel about aeroplanes? what has made most of his neighbours leave their homes? why does people think the writer is mad?2沐风教资mad adj. 发疯be mad/crazy about:为而疯狂be mad at sbeg:dont be mad at him。 别怪他（不关他的事）。go+adj:变得go mad/crazy/insane/bananasdont f

2、ight with him, he is a mad man.别跟他打架, 他是疯子。3沐风教资sum n.量大量：a great many/a great number of+可数名词复数a sum of:一笔a large sum of:大量的，喜欢跟钱连用a large sum of moneya large amount of:许多plenty of（注意：前面没有a）足够的4沐风教资sum名词 n. c1.总数,总和,总计the s(+of)she paid the sum of $200 for dresses. 她买衣服总共花了二百元钱。 2.【数】和the s(+of)3.金额

3、;一笔(+of)he earned a large sum of money. 他赚了一大笔钱。 4.概要;要点the s(+of)5.算术题;运算the boy is good at doing a sum in his head. 这男孩善于心算。 5沐风教资及物动词 vt. 1.计算.的总和(+up)2.总结;概括;概述(+up)the story may be summed up in one sentence. 该故事可以用一句话来概括。 不及物动词 vi. 1.共计(+to/into)6沐风教资determined adj. determined adj. 坚定的，下决心的i am

4、 determined to stay here.我决定留在这儿。 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事 v.determine on 决定 v.determine upon 决定determine sb. against sth. 使 某人决定不做某事 determine sb. to do sth. 使某人决定做某事7沐风教资decide和determine 之间的区别：都有“决定”的意思。 decide 指“经过询问、研讨和考虑之后, 在几种可能的选择之中作出决定”,decide 最为普通： 如: she decided to leave here on sund

5、ay instead of monday. 她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。8沐风教资determine指“决心作某一件事而不动摇”, 常涉及范围比较狭小的问题： 如: we have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule. 我们已经决定要提前完成这项工作。9沐风教资decided常与to, that, on, about用，表示决心；决定 ； to decide where to go 决心去哪儿而与between, for, angainst, in favor of, that连用，表示判断，判决 the judge wil

6、l decide the case tomorrow. 法官将于明天对案子进行判决。10沐风教资reason ri:zn n.原因for this reason:由于这个原因for what reason? 是为了什麽原因？bring sb. to reason 使某人讲理11沐风教资aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.drive sb mad:逼某人发疯例：sometimes its enough to drive you mad if you are stuck in a tra

7、ffic jam during the rush hour. 有时在交通高峰期被困足以使人发疯 the noise outside is driving me mad. 12沐风教资i live near an airport and passing planes i live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.can be heard night and day.1、passing planes：现在分词做定语 sleeping baby:正在睡觉的小孩 waiting car:正在等待的2、day a

8、nd night: 日日夜夜例句：i will sit by her bedside day and night. 我会日夜守在她的床边。 13沐风教资the airport was built years ago,but for some the airport was built years ago,but for some reason it could not be used then.reason it could not be used then.for some reason:由于某种原因some+可数名词单数：某一 some booksome+可数名词复数：一些 some bo

9、okssome+不可数名词：一些 some water例句：he was late for school for some reason. 由于某种原因，他上学迟到了！he didnt tell me the answer for some reason. 由于某种原因，他没有告诉我答案!14沐风教资last year,however,it came into uselast year,however,it came into e into use:投入使用come into:进入得到、获得财富1、they put this method into use。2、this meth

10、od comes into use。3、this method is put into use。15沐风教资over a hundred people must have been driven over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.away from their homes by the noise.home:家，强调有感情；house仅仅指房子课本：94页16沐风教资sometimes i think this house will be sometimes i thin

11、k this house will be knockedknocked down by a passing planedown by a passing plane。不及物动词 vi. 1.相撞,碰击(+against)his legs knocked against the chair. 他的两条腿撞到了椅子。 2.敲,击,打(+on/at)he knocked at the door and entered. 他敲了敲门便走进去了。 3.(发动机等由于故障)发爆震声17沐风教资及物动词 vt. 1.敲,击,打othe falling bottle knocked him on the he

12、ad. 跌落的瓶子砸在他的头上。 2.击(撞)成.oo8the blow knocked her senseless. 那一击把她打昏了。 3.【口】批评,贬损the critic knocked her latest novel. 18沐风教资词组knock at the door; knock敲门 knock down; knock over撞倒 19沐风教资习惯用语今天我们要讲由knock这个词发展而成的习惯用语。我们先要谈的习惯法是: knockout。 knockout最常用的意思是把一个人打倒在地、不省人事，但是knockout在俚语中却可以解释叫人心醉神迷的人或物，可能是一幅美不

13、胜收的画，也可能是一部扣人心弦的电影，更可能是俊男美女。例：1. he married a real knockout, one of the most beautiful women i have ever seen!他娶了个大美人。我还没见过有比她更漂亮的女人！20沐风教资我们再来学一个习惯用语: knock your socks off。 sock是袜子。这个习惯用语的出典可能是什么特别精彩的事情让你兴奋得上蹦下跳，以至脚上袜子也跳得掉了下来，引申为“令人兴奋不已的好事”。例：2. i tell you that movie i saw last night is fantastic,

14、the best ive seen in years. go see it - i guarantee itll knock your socks off!告诉你我昨晚看的那电影棒极了。我有好几年没看过这样精彩的片子。你得去看，保证会让你激动万分。21沐风教资i have been i have been offereoffered a large sum of money to d a large sum of money to go away,but i am determined to stay here.go away,but i am determined to stay here.

15、及物动词 vt. 1.给予,提供;拿出,出示o1(+to)he offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。 2.愿意;试图(做某事);提议y+to-vthey offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。 he offered to lend me some books. 他表示要借给我几本书。 3.出(价);开(价)o1we offered him the calculator for us$50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。 22沐风教资动词语态动词语态英语动词有两种语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者many pe

16、ople speak english.(主动语态)english is spoken by many people.(被动语态)23沐风教资read the following sentences1.it is called a stamp.2.whats it made of?3.which language is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.4.english is used very widely as a foreign language,5.silk is produced in suzhou.6.where

17、 are bananas grown?24沐风教资二。模仿上列句子连词成句1. silk, produce, in hangzhou.2. cars, make, in tianjin.3. tea, grow, in fujian.4. english, speak, in australia.5. glass, produce, in germany.6. ships, make , in japan.25沐风教资被动语态构成被动语态构成助动词助动词+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 （ be + p.p.)26沐风教资时态主动语态被动语态(be+过去分词）一般现在时see / see

18、sam(is,are)+seen一般过去时sawwas(were)+seen一般将来时will (shall) +seewill(shall)+be+seen(过去将来时)would(should)+seewould(should)+be+seen现在进行时am(is,are)+seeingam(is,are)+being+seen(过去进行时)was(were)+seeingwas(were)+being+seen现在完成时have(has)+seenhave(has)+been+seen(过去完成时)had+seenhad+been+seen含情态动词情态动词+see情态动词+be+see

19、n以以see为例，比较主动语和态被动语态的结构形为例，比较主动语和态被动语态的结构形式式27沐风教资肯定句，否定句及疑问句如下。 cars are made in changchun. cars are not made in changchun. -are cars made in changchun? (-yes, they are./no,they arent.) where are cars made? p2628沐风教资 when can we use the passive voice?1.不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动 作的执行者

20、时。作的执行者时。 my bike was stolen last night. 昨晚我的自行车被偷了。letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八点收取。 the desk was made by master wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。 the bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。被动语态使用方法被动语态使用方法29沐风教资3. 为了更好地安排句子。为了更好地安排句子。 the well-known

21、person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。i have a new skirt. it was given to me as a birthday present by my aunt. 我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。4. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：如：30沐风教资将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语。语。将主动语态的谓语动词改为将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be

22、+过去过去分词分词”结构。结构。将主动语态的主语改为介词将主动语态的主语改为介词 by之后的之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。略）。主动语态改为被动语态的方法31沐风教资将下列句子改成被动语态。1.we use english as a foreign language. english is used as a foreign language( by us)2. people write business letters in english business letters are written( by people) in english.3

23、.they make telephone calls in english. telephone calls are made( by them) in english.32沐风教资4.travelers and business people use english. english is used by travelers and business.5.farmers grow rice in zhejiang. rice is grown by farmers in zhejiang.33沐风教资过去 时,含情态动词的被动语态1. a man killed jack. 1. han me

24、i found granny books. 2. they built the bridge. jack was killed (by a man). granny books were found by han mei.the bridge was built .34沐风教资1. he can answer the question. 2. we must plant trees in spring. 3. nurse should take care of the children. the question can be answered (by him.)trees must be p

25、lanted in spring.children should be taken care of.35沐风教资主动语态变为被动语态时注意主动语态变为被动语态时注意1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况: 2.eg he gave the boy an apple. (1)把间接宾语改为主语,直接宾语保留不变: the boy was given an apple (2)把直接宾语改为主语,此时,间接宾语前要 加to或for. an apple was given to the boy. (give, pass, show, send- to ) (buy, draw,

26、make, -for )36沐风教资含双宾语的被动含双宾语的被动my father gave me a new book on my birthday . -a new book was given to me (by my father - i was given a new book (by my father). 37沐风教资 2.不带的to不定式,改为被动语态时不定 .式前要加to . they watched the children sing. the children were watched to sing . 3.短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或

27、副词不可遗漏. we must take good care of the young trees. young trees must be taken good care of.38沐风教资4. 带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语. he cut his hair short. his hair was cut short. they told him to help me. he was told to help me.5. 注意: 不及物动词不能用被动语态happen ,take place, appearbut不及物动词带上

28、介词或副词构成的短语不及物动词带上介词或副词构成的短语,相相当于及物动词当于及物动词, 后面可带宾语后面可带宾语39沐风教资 take care of / look after / take off / look at / send for / look up eg the old man should be taken good care of .6主动表示被动情况主动表示被动情况1 某些某些vi 动词表被动含义如动词表被动含义如 carry out / lock open / read /teach / wash / write 用来说明主语性质特征用来说明主语性质特征,常与常与 not

29、/ hardly / well /easily / badly /nicely 等连用等连用meat cuts easily .the car drove easily .his novel sells well 2某些感观动词表被动含义如某些感观动词表被动含义如 feel / look / taste / smell / sound this shirt feels much softer than that one.this orange tastes nice . 40沐风教资3 某些动词表被动含义如某些动词表被动含义如 weigh / measure / cost / last / b

30、reak out / take place /happen the meeting lasted two hours . 4 get / come / go + p.p 表示被动含义表示被动含义 用来强调动作结果或表示出乎意料的偶用来强调动作结果或表示出乎意料的偶然事件然事件. come / go 常与否定连用常与否定连用 they got delayed because of the holiday traffic . the womans complaints went unnoticed.41沐风教资5 在在 need / want / require / deserve + doing

31、 句句型中型中,动名词表示被动动名词表示被动. the garden needs watering = the garden needs to be watered . 6 有些动词的不定式有些动词的不定式( blame / let / rent 用主动用主动表被动表被动 nobody was to blame for the accident . the house is to let . 7一些介词短语用作定语或表语时表被动一些介词短语用作定语或表语时表被动 the thief was under arrest . apples are on sale .42沐风教资将下列句子改为被动语态

32、：将下列句子改为被动语态： （一）we often use a recorder in our english class.the parents found the boy in the street. 3. we must clean the blackboard.4. i saw her reading a book hours ago.a recorder is often used( by us )in our english class.the boy was found (by the parents) in the streetthe blackboard must be cl

33、eaned (by us).she was seen reading a book hours ago.43沐风教资6。someone has stolen my bike.7. they are building a house.8. my family will buy a computer next week.my bike has been stolen .a house is being built .a computer will be bought next week.44沐风教资（二）i often buy mother something.my brother gave me

34、 a book. we can hear her sing this song.the boys words made us laugh.mother is often bought something.something is often bough for mother.i was given a book.a book was given to me.she can be heard to sing this song.we were made to laugh by the boys words.45沐风教资4. she should look up the new words in

35、a dictionary.5. the old man put on a hat.the new words should be looked up in a dictionary.a hat was put on.46沐风教资1 the silence of the library _only by the sound of pages being turned over .a has been broken b breaks c broke d was broken 2 sarah ,hurry up ,i m afraid you wont have time to _before th

36、e party .a get changed b get change c get changing d get to changeda47沐风教资3 rain forests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future .a cut b are cut c are being cut d had been cut 4 i need one more stamp before my collection _.a has completed b completes c has been completed d is completed cd48沐风教资5 all the preparations for the task _, and we are ready to start .a completed b had been completed c have been completed d complete 6 hundreds o