初中英语现在完成时

1、现在完成时现在完成时 2017.11.241春天还会远吗春天还会远吗 ? ?will it still be far in spring?冬天已经来了冬天已经来了, ,winter has already come, 2现在现在完成完成时态时态winterwinter has has alreadyalready comecome. .3现在现在完成完成时的构成形式时的构成形式 have done has助动词助动词过去过去分词分词4助动词助动词have/has可和前面的主可和前面的主语缩略为语缩略为ve,s.如如 theyve, weve, hes, its; youve has not=h

2、asnthave not=havent5过去分词的变化过去分词的变化1、一般动词，在词尾加、一般动词，在词尾加 +ed work, plant,call2.以字母以字母e结尾的动词，词尾加结尾的动词，词尾加+d live, change, like, love, agree, save hate, move, arrive, skate, hope, use3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的 双写辅音字母双写辅音字母ed. 如：如：plan, stop,drop,fit(适适合合), prefer(更喜欢更喜欢), travel4.以以辅音字母

3、辅音字母y，结尾结尾，变，变y为为ied try, study, carry, hurry, cry, worry,copy61.肯定句肯定句:主语+have/has(助动词）助动词）+过去分词过去分词+(其他）。其他）。2. 否定句否定句: 主语主语+have/has+not +过去分词过去分词+(其他）。其他）。 3.一般疑问句一般疑问句 have/has+ 主语主语+过去分词过去分词? yes, 主语主语+have/has. no, 主语主语+have/hasnt.7用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系现在有联

4、系: 动作或状态发生在过去动作或状态发生在过去,但它的但它的影响现在还存在影响现在还存在。 they have left. -他们已经离开了他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里也就是说现在他们人不在这里 i have had my lunch. -我已经吃过午饭了我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿也就是说我现在不饿现在现在完成完成时的含义时的含义也可表示也可表示持续到现在持续到现在的动作或状态。的动作或状态。 he has learned english since 2001. -从从2001年开始学的年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢现在还在继续学着呢8nowpastfuture一般过去

5、时一般过去时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态状态,或者发生在或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响过去却对现在造成的影响they have left.he has learned english since 2001.9和和现在现在完成完成时连用的时间状语时连用的时间状语meaningexamplealready已经已经i have already done my homework.yet还（未）还（未）i have not finished my homework yet.never从不，从没从不

6、，从没i have never read this story.ever曾经曾经have you ever watched this film?recently最近最近we have not seen nancy recently.just刚刚刚刚he has just seen nancy.for+时间段时间段时间时间she learned english for nine years.since+时间点时间点自从自从i have not eaten anything since 9 a.m.in the past在过去的在过去的he has changed a lot in the pas

7、t three years.101.mr. black left china in 1990. mr. black _china since 1990.2.the hero died five years ago. the hero _ for five years.3.the meeting began two minutes ago. the meeting _ for two minutes.4.we borrowed two books last week. we _ the two books for a week.5. sally joined the league two yea

8、rs ago. sally _ the league for two years. has been away from has been deadhas been onhave kepthas been in11 延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如：延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rainbe,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。等。 瞬间性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。瞬间性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。如：如：begin,arr

9、ive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,lbegin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,start,stopeave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,start,stop等。等。 瞬间性瞬间性的动词是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。的动词是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。比较延续性动词与瞬间性动词比较延续性动词与瞬间性动词 12 since 用来说明动作

10、起始时间用来说明动作起始时间 “自从自从” for用来说明动作延续时间长度用来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达长达”i have lived here for more than twenty years.i have lived here since i was born.my aunt has worked in a company since 1949. i have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比较比较since和和for13二、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month

11、4._ 19995._yesterday 6._4 oclock7_4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. he has lived in nanjing _ the year before last.13. ive known him _ we were children.14. our teacher has studied japanese _ three years.15. she has been away from the city _ about ten year

12、s.16. its about ten years _ she left the city.14瞬间性动词例如瞬间性动词例如come,go,leave等，不和表示延续性的时间状语连用，等，不和表示延续性的时间状语连用，例如例如for two hours或者是或者是since last month。如果我们想用它们来表达。如果我们想用它们来表达延续性的状态，就要把他们转化成对应的延续性动词。延续性的状态，就要把他们转化成对应的延续性动词。verb used for a continuous stateexamplebuyhave/has hadhe has had the watch for o

13、ver two years.borrow have/has keptshe has kept this book for two weeks.arrivehave/has been in/atkitty has been in nanjing for a month.leavehave/has been awayshe has been away from home for ten years.join have/has been in/a member of simon has been a member of the football club since last year.diehav

14、e/has been deadthe fish has been dead for two days.get marriedhave/has been marriedthey have been married for more than twenty e/gohave/has been in/atmy cousin has been in beijing for a month.begin/starthave/has been onthe meeting has been on for half an hour.stophave/has been overthe conference has

15、 been over since last sunday.151. he died 10 years ago. - he _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - he _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. -he _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. he arrived here three days ago. - he _ _ here since thr

16、ee days ago.5. they turned off the light 2 hours ago. - the light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. he left here 2 years ago. - he _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. the film began 30 minutes ago. - the film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. they opened the door an hour ago. - the door _ _ _ for an hour.9. they closed the doo

17、r an hour ago. - the door _ _ _ for an hour.10. he joined the army last year. - he _ _ a _ for a year. - he _ _ _ the army for a year. - it _ a year _ he joined the army. 延续性延续性动词和动词和瞬间瞬间性性动词之间的转化动词之间的转化161. he died 10 years ago. - he has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed th

18、e book 2 weeks ago. - he has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. -he has had the motorbike for a month.4. he arrived here three days ago. - he has been here since three days ago.5. they turned off the light 2 hours ago. - the light has been on for 2 hours.6. he left her

19、e 2 years ago. - he has been away from here for 2 years.7. the film began 30 minutes ago. - the film has been on for 30 minutes.8. they opened the door an hour ago. - the door has been open for an hour.9. they closed the door an hour ago. - the door has been closed for an hour.10. he joined the army

20、 last year. - he has been a soldier for a year. - he has been in the army for a year. - it is a year since he joined the army. 延续性延续性动词和动词和瞬间瞬间性性动词之间的转化动词之间的转化 (keys)17he has gone to shanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。he has been to shanghai.他他(曾经曾经) 去过上海。去过上海。比较比较 have/has been to have/has gone to18he went

21、 to shanghai last week. 他他(曾经曾经)到到/去过上海去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了他已经他已经去上海了去上海了 也许刚动身出发也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了也许已经到了,也许也许还在路上还在路上,反正他人不在这里反正他人不在这里上周他上周他做了一件事做了一件事:那就是那就是去了上海去了上海he has been to shanghai.he has gone to shanghai.he has been in shanghai for 10 years.他他呆在上

22、海迄今为止已经呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了年了 现在还在上海没现在还在上海没有离开呢有离开呢he lived in shanghai for 10 years.以前他以前他在上海住过在上海住过10年年 现在不在上海了现在不在上海了辨析这些句子辨析这些句子由时态导致的由时态导致的含义上的差别含义上的差别19练习1.i like guilin. i _ there twice. a. go b. went c. have gone d. have been 此题中的twice（两次）表示经历，要用现在完成时，因此选d。 2. where”s li lei? he _ beijing. a. goe

23、s to b. went to c. has gone to d. has been to 此题的语境是李雷不在说话的地方，因此要选 c。 3. he went to toronto two years ago, so he _ toronto for two tears. a.has been to b. has gone to c. has been in d. has gone 题目有for two years这一个段时间，而have been to 和have gone to都不能和段时间连用，因此选c has been in 。20 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时

24、的比较 1）一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。i saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）i have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）212）一般过去时一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连

25、用; 现在完成时现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in october, just now, - 具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如句

26、子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 （错）（错）tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）（对）tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.223）现在完成时）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过

27、去时一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。等。 she joined the league three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的) she has been in the league for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) she has been a league member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)23家庭作业家庭作业一、选择填空 ( )1.jims been to the great wall before ,_he?(a)isnt (b)wasnt (c)hasnt (d)doesnt( )2.shes never been to england, _she?(a)has (b)hasnt (c)isnt (d)is( )2._has