选修六第三单元知识点

1、Language PointsLanguage PointsReadingReading1abuse n& vt.滥用；虐待滥用；虐待典例典例:1) The book is about the abuse of power.这本书讲述的是权力的滥用问题。这本书讲述的是权力的滥用问题。2)他从不滥用特权。他从不滥用特权。He never abuses his privilege.拓展拓展: drug abuse child abuse abuse of power abuse ones power 滥用毒品滥用毒品虐待儿童虐待儿童滥用权力滥用权力滥用某人的权力滥用某人的权力2.Why do yo

2、u think some adolescents start smoking?adolescent / Teenagerbaby / infantchild (British) / kids (American) toddler youth婴儿婴儿年幼的孩子年幼的孩子13到到19岁的人岁的人会走路的小孩会走路的小孩男性青年男性青年My adolescent life 我的青少年时期我的青少年时期adolescence 青春期青春期The period of adolescence is very important in forming ones character. 青春期对人的性格形成是非

3、常重要的。青春期对人的性格形成是非常重要的。3Do you think smoking should be banned? 你认为应该你认为应该禁止吸烟吗？禁止吸烟吗？ban(1)vt.禁止；取缔禁止；取缔政府已经禁止化学武器的使用。政府已经禁止化学武器的使用。(2)n.禁令；谴责禁令；谴责(常与常与 on/against 连用连用)The police lifted the ban against parking in thestreet.The government has banned the use of chemical weapons. 警察取消了不准在这条街停车的禁令。警察取消了

4、不准在这条街停车的禁令。拓展拓展: ban sb.from (doing) sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事运用运用 用合适的介词填空用合适的介词填空He was banned _ driving for three months after the accident.The government announced the ban _ drink-driving(醉驾醉驾)from on/against知识拓展知识拓展ban.from doing 禁止禁止做做lift/remove the ban on 解禁解禁place/put.under a ban 禁止禁止under a ban

5、 被禁止；被逐出门被禁止；被逐出门4. I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.due to 因为因为; 由由引起引起; 由于由于 如如: 她的缺席是由暴风雨引起的。她的缺席是由暴风雨引起的。Her absence was due to the storm.知识拓展知识拓展: 表示因果关系的单词和短语表示因果关系的单词和短语because of 介词短语介词短语“因为因为”, 较口语化较口语化owing to 介词短语介词短语“因为因为”, 较正式较正式thanks to 介词短语介词短语“因

6、为因为”, “多亏了多亏了”as a result of 介词短语介词短语“因为因为”as a result 副词短语副词短语“因此因此”5. I became addicted to cigarettes.become/get/be addicted to sth./doing sth. 表示表示“对某事对某事/做某事上瘾做某事上瘾”, 该短语中的该短语中的to是介词是介词, 后接名词或动名词形式。如：后接名词或动名词形式。如：孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。The children are addicted to computer games.addict vt. (1

7、)使沉溺使沉溺; 嗜好嗜好 (2)使使成瘾成瘾, 热衷于热衷于addict oneself to 沉溺于沉溺于, 醉心于醉心于be addicted to sth./doing sth.嗜好嗜好, 热衷热衷He became addicted to the drug. 他染上了毒瘾。他染上了毒瘾。addict n. (1)上了瘾的人上了瘾的人 a work addict 工作狂工作狂film addict电影迷电影迷 (2) 吸毒者吸毒者addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾沉湎、成瘾addictive adj. 使人上瘾的使人上瘾的The parents felt helpless when

8、theyfound their son had _ love stories for long. addicted addicted toC. addicted himselfD. been addicted toD6. This means that after a while you becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. 这就是说这就是说, 过了一段时间以后过了一段时间以后, 你的身体你的身体 习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。accustom vt. 使习惯于使习惯于be /get / become accustomed to

9、 习惯于习惯于; 适应于适应于 accustom +n./oneself +to 使自己习惯使自己习惯/适应于适应于其中其中to 为介词为介词The boy has _English in public.那孩子已经习惯于在公众面前说英语了。那孩子已经习惯于在公众面前说英语了。My eyes soon _. 我的眼睛很快适应了黑暗。我的眼睛很快适应了黑暗。They had to_. 他们不得不使自己习惯于炎热的天气。他们不得不使自己习惯于炎热的天气。accustom themselves to the hot weathergrew accustomed to the darknessbecom

10、e accustomed to speaking考例考例 Accustomed to _ the steep mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top. (上海上海2005春春)A. climbing B. climb C. having climbed D. have climbed点拨点拨 to为介词为介词, 后跟动词后跟动词-ing形式形式, 不能跟现在分词的完成式不能跟现在分词的完成式, 故选故选A。A7So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms.所以

11、当你的体内没有这种麻醉剂时，你就会出现脱所以当你的体内没有这种麻醉剂时，你就会出现脱瘾症状。瘾症状。withdrawal n收回；撤退；戒毒收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾或脱瘾)过程过程I got withdrawal symptoms after giving up smoking.我戒烟之后出现了脱瘾症状。我戒烟之后出现了脱瘾症状。The company made the withdrawal of the product from the market.公司从市场上收回了这种产品。公司从市场上收回了这种产品。His sudden withdrawal from the election sur

12、prised everyone.他突然退出选举的行为使每个人都感到惊讶。他突然退出选举的行为使每个人都感到惊讶。8I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit.我之所以上瘾是有着这三方面的原因的，所以要我之所以上瘾是有着这三方面的原因的，所以要戒烟很难。戒烟很难。quit vt.停止停止(做某事做某事)；离开；离开 vi.停止；离开；辞职停止；离开；辞职典例典例: 他已经戒烟了。他已经戒烟了。 He has quit smoking. 这笔钱是用来帮助吸烟者戒烟的。这笔钱是用来帮助吸烟者戒烟的。 The m

13、oney is used to help smokers quit.拓展拓展 quit school 退学退学 quit office 离职离职 quit doing sth.(stop doing sth.) 停止做某事停止做某事 be quit of sb./sth.摆脱某人或某物摆脱某人或某物运用运用: 完成句子完成句子I gave him money in order to _( 摆脱摆脱他他)I wish youd better _(停止说话停止说话)Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when

14、 people _ smoking. A. quit B. decline C. depart D. reserve解析解析: 根据句意根据句意“医生们正在研究以便发现当人们医生们正在研究以便发现当人们戒烟时戒烟时, 他们身体上将会发生什么情况他们身体上将会发生什么情况”选选A。decline下降下降; depart 起程起程; reserve预订。预订。be quit of him quit talking A10When I was young, I didnt know much about the harmful effects of smoking.在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我

15、知道在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道的并不多。的并不多。effect n结果；效力结果；效力典例典例: 这种药的药力可持续十二个小时。这种药的药力可持续十二个小时。The effect of this medicine can last twelve hours.拓展拓展: in effect 事实上事实上 take effect 生效，奏效生效，奏效 come/go into effect 开始实施开始实施 bring/put/o effect 使实施，使生效使实施，使生效 have a good/bad effect on sth. 对某物有好的对某物有好的(或坏的

16、或坏的)影响影响运用运用 完成句子完成句子The drug _ (立马见效立马见效) the pain.The new tax regulations _ ( 开开 始始 实实 施施 )last month.He told us he didnt like watching football match;_ (事实上事实上), he is a football fan.has an immediate effect on came/went into effect In effect/fact 11. I didnt know, for example, that it could do te

17、rrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. 当初我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和当初我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和肺部肺部, 也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。解析解析: 该句是一个包含两个宾语从句的主从该句是一个包含两个宾语从句的主从复合句。复合句。主句为主句为I didnt know。两个宾语从句分别为。两个宾语从句分别为it could do terrible damage to y

18、our heart and lungs和和it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant, “or”连接这两个连接这两个宾语从句宾语从句, 意为意为“也不也不(知道知道)”。I dont know .or. 这个句型译为这个句型译为“我不知道我不知道, 也不知也不知道道”。如。如: I dont know where to go or what to do.我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。12strengthen vt加强；巩固；使坚强加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变变强强这些训练目的在于增强你的

19、腹部肌肉。这些训练目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles.知识拓展知识拓展动词动词strengthen是名词是名词strength加后缀加后缀-en转化而转化而来的，常见的由名词或形容词加后缀来的，常见的由名词或形容词加后缀-en转化而转化而来的动词还有：来的动词还有：brighten(使使)明亮；明亮；fatten(使使)发胖；发胖；harden(使使)变硬；变硬；soften(使使)变软；变软；sharpen(使使)变尖锐；变尖锐；sweeten(使使)变甜；变甜；widen(使使

20、)变宽变宽比较比较:strength, energy, force, power这些名词均有这些名词均有“力力”之意。之意。(1)strength指机体内部的能力，是依靠身体组指机体内部的能力，是依靠身体组织而存在的力，经使用就变为织而存在的力，经使用就变为force。 它尤其指它尤其指承受重物的力量。承受重物的力量。For a small woman she has surprising strength.她个子虽小但力大惊人。她个子虽小但力大惊人。(2)energy用于人时，指工作时焕发出的精力或用于人时，指工作时焕发出的精力或干劲。干劲。His work seemed to lack e

21、nergy.他工作似乎缺乏干劲。他工作似乎缺乏干劲。(3)force尤指人或物撞击或推物体时所用的力。尤指人或物撞击或推物体时所用的力。He did it with a great force.他用了很大的力才把它做完了。他用了很大的力才把它做完了。(4)power可以用来指人体某部位的力量，但一般可以用来指人体某部位的力量，但一般不用来指搬动或握、托、支撑重物的力量。从物不用来指搬动或握、托、支撑重物的力量。从物理学意义上讲，理学意义上讲，power更多指机械、爆炸或大自更多指机械、爆炸或大自然的力量。然的力量。There was a lot of power behind that blo

22、w.那一击的力量很大。那一击的力量很大。13Decide on a day to quit.确定一个开始戒烟的日子。确定一个开始戒烟的日子。decide on/upon 对对作出决定作出决定典例典例: 不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作出决定。不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作出决定。Dont decide on/upon important matters too quickly.拓展拓展: decide to do sth.决定做某事决定做某事 decide against sth./doing sth.决定不做某事决定不做某事 decide that-clause 决定决定运用运用: 完成句子完成句

23、子She has _ ( 对对 作作 出出 决决 定定 ) art as a career.I _ (决定去旅行决定去旅行) to another city.decided on/upon decide to travel 14Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候，就提醒你自己：你已经是每当你想要吸烟的时候，就提醒你自己：你已经是一个不吸烟的人了。一个不吸烟的人了。feel like (doing) 想要想要(做做)典例典例: 我今天想

24、做点别的事情。我今天想做点别的事情。你想来杯咖啡吗？你想来杯咖啡吗？拓展拓展: would like to do sth.想要做某事想要做某事 prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事更喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事喜欢做某事 like to do/doing sth.喜欢做某事喜欢做某事I feel like doing something different today.Do you feel like a cup of coffee?15desperate adj绝望的；拼命的绝望的；拼命的; 渴望的渴望的He was desperate when he l

25、ost all his money.当他丢了所有钱时，他绝望了。当他丢了所有钱时，他绝望了。I was absolutely desperate to learn painting.我非常渴望学画画。我非常渴望学画画。He took a deep breath, desperately trying to keep calm.他深深地吸了一口气，极力保持镇静。他深深地吸了一口气，极力保持镇静。知识拓展：知识拓展：be desperate for. 对对极度渴望的极度渴望的be desperate to do 非常愿意干非常愿意干desperately adv拼命地拼命地desperation

26、n绝望；拼命绝望；拼命16Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.如果你要经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，不要感到失望。如果你要经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，不要感到失望。disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的失望的；沮丧的典例：典例： 我不是泄气，而是失望。我不是泄气，而是失望。 I was more disappointed than discouraged.拓展：拓展：be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望对做某事感

27、到失望 be disappointed at/about/with sth.对某事感到失望对某事感到失望 be disappointed that-clause 对对失望失望运用：运用： 完成句子完成句子Tom wasnt _ ( 对听到对听到 感到感到失望失望 )the news.When I _ ( 感感 到到 沮沮 丧丧 ), I often listen to music.disappointed to hear feel disappointed17If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed.如果你意志薄弱而又吸烟了

28、，也不要觉得难为情。如果你意志薄弱而又吸烟了，也不要觉得难为情。ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的感到惭愧或羞耻的典例典例: 你应该为自己感到羞耻！你应该为自己感到羞耻！ You should be ashamed of yourself! 拓展拓展: be ashamed of (doing) sth.对某事感到羞愧对某事感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth.为做某事而感到羞愧为做某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed that-clause 对对感到羞耻感到羞耻运用运用: 完成句子完成句子She was _ (羞愧于告诉羞愧于告诉) her mother that she

29、 had failed the exam.I was _ (对对感到羞愧感到羞愧) my behavior at that time.ashamed to tell ashamed ofLanguage PointsLanguage Pointslearning about learning about languagelanguage1In spite of all his efforts he failed.尽管很努力，他还是失败了。尽管很努力，他还是失败了。归纳拓展归纳拓展in spite of 尽管，虽然尽管，虽然in spite ofdespite，后面跟名词，代词或动名词，后面跟名

30、词，代词或动名词，不能跟从句。，不能跟从句。althoughthough，尽管，虽然。引导让步状语，尽管，虽然。引导让步状语从句。从句。as有时也引导让步状语从句，但要用部分倒装语有时也引导让步状语从句，但要用部分倒装语序，即：表语序，即：表语/状语状语/谓语谓语as主语谓语主语谓语1、尽管有喧闹声也要设法睡着。尽管有喧闹声也要设法睡着。(in spite of)Try to sleep in spite of the noise.2、尽管她穷，但她决不向别人低头。尽管她穷，但她决不向别人低头。(although)Though/Although she is poor，she never gi

31、ves in to others.3、尽管这事似乎很奇怪，可是是真的。尽管这事似乎很奇怪，可是是真的。(as)Strange as it may seem，it is true.4、The weather is too bad. _the bad weather，I still try my best to meet my friend as planned. A.In spite of B.As well C.However D.AlthoughA2He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks

32、.他觉得每一步都要下定决心，而不是冒险。他觉得每一步都要下定决心，而不是冒险。归纳拓展归纳拓展risk n危险；风险危险；风险at ones own risk 自担风险自担风险 at risk 在危险中在危险中at the risk of 冒冒风险风险 take a risk(risks) 冒风险冒风险take the risk of doing sth 冒冒风险风险risk v. 冒冒风险风险risk doing sth. 冒险做某事冒险做某事1、你可以使用它，但你要责任自负。你可以使用它，但你要责任自负。You can use it，but its at your own risk.2、她

33、没有去，因为她不想冒再撞见尼尔的风险。她没有去，因为她不想冒再撞见尼尔的风险。She didnt go，because she didnt want to run/take the risk of seeing Neil again.3、她冒生命危险去抢救那个溺水的儿童。她冒生命危险去抢救那个溺水的儿童。She risked her life trying to save the drowning child.4、He left without an umbrella_in a rain.Arisked getting caughtBrisking getting caughtCto risk

34、 to get caughtDrisking to get caught5、If you dare to take_risk of not wearing a seat belt，you are at_risk.Athe；/ B/；/ C/；the Dthe；theBA3Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place.当然，对付这些药品的最好方法是从最初就别开当然，对付这些药品的最好方法是从最初就别开始。始。归纳拓展归纳拓展get into进入，陷于，

35、染上进入，陷于，染上(习惯习惯)常用短语：常用短语：get into trouble/difficulties 惹上麻烦惹上麻烦get into debt 负债累累负债累累get into a temper 大发脾气大发脾气get into deep water 陷于困境陷于困境get into the habit/way of 养成习惯，习惯于养成习惯，习惯于4illegal adj.不合法的，违法的不合法的，违法的 他承认他是非法移民。他承认他是非法移民。He admitted that he was an illegal immigrant. 未经允许看别人的私人信件是不合法的。未经允许

36、看别人的私人信件是不合法的。Its illegal to read peoples private letters without permission. 拓展：拓展：It is illegal(for sb) to do sth (某人某人)做做是违法的是违法的 legal adj. 合法的；法律的合法的；法律的 为什么我就不该放假？那是完全合法的。为什么我就不该放假？那是完全合法的。Why shouldnt I take a holiday? Its perfectly legal. Language PointsLanguage PointsUsing languageUsing lan

37、guage1.survival n. 幸存；幸存者医生说他有50%的生存机会。His doctor said he had a 5050 chance of survival.知识拓展(1)fight/struggle for survivalsurvival of the fittest(2)survive vt. & vi. survive on sth.(3)survivor n. 为生存而斗争适者生存生还；残存；比活得长仅靠维持生计生存者；残存者；幸存者2judgement n. 看法；判决；判断看法；判决；判断短语：在短语：在看来看来 对对做出判断做出判断按我的看法，我们应该做这件事

38、。按我的看法，我们应该做这件事。In my judgement, we should do it.他拒绝对形势作出评价。他拒绝对形势作出评价。He refused to make a judgement about thesituation.in ones judgement make a judgement about(2)judge n. 法官，裁判法官，裁判 v. 断定，判断，审判断定，判断，审判judge.by 根据根据判断判断judging from/by 根据根据判断判断不要以貌取人。不要以貌取人。Dont judge a man by his looks.从外表来看，他一定是一位

39、专家。从外表来看，他一定是一位专家。Judging by his appearance, he must be an expert.3embarrassed adj. 尴尬的，窘迫的；陷入困境的尴尬的，窘迫的；陷入困境的她因自己的身高而困窘。她因自己的身高而困窘。Shes embarrassed about her height.拓展：拓展：embarrass vt. 使尴尬；使窘迫；使不安使尴尬；使窘迫；使不安 embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；令人难堪的令人尴尬的；令人难堪的 embarrassment n. 尴尬；难堪；窘迫尴尬；难堪；窘迫在众人面前演说时，我总觉得很窘迫。

40、在众人面前演说时，我总觉得很窘迫。Making speeches in public always embarrasses me.活学活用活学活用用用embarrassed的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(1)It was so _ having to sing in public.(2)Much to her _ she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.(3)He looked _when I asked him where hed been.答案：答案： (2)embarrassment (1)embarras

41、sing(3)embarrassed4awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的局促不安的；笨拙的在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。At the formal party I felt very awkward and out of place.孩子们喜欢嘲笑笨拙的同龄人。孩子们喜欢嘲笑笨拙的同龄人。The children liked to laugh at their awkward peers.拓展：拓展：awkwardly adv. 局促不安地；笨拙地局促不安地；笨拙地1、make sure确定；确信；查明；弄清楚确定；确信；查明；弄清楚你最好确保将这封信在今天晚上寄出去。你最好确保将这封信在今天晚上寄出去。Youd better make sure that the letter leaves tonight.你必须把时间和地点弄清楚。你必须把时间和地点弄清楚。You must make sure of the time and p