lecture12主谓一致

1、专生本英语语法指导主谓一致Neusoft Group Ltd.Date: 25. Feb 2005热身练习练习分析句子的主语和谓语之间保持着某种语法关系，句子的主语和谓语之间保持着某种语法关系，这种关系叫做主谓一致关系。这种关系叫做主谓一致关系。主语的形式变了，谓语的某些部分页随之发生主语的形式变了，谓语的某些部分页随之发生相应的改变。相应的改变。主谓一致常常遵守三个原则：主谓一致常常遵守三个原则：1。语法一致。语法一致2。概念一致。概念一致3。毗邻一致。毗邻一致1、语法一致原则语法一致指主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语用复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式（不包括复数形式的单数名词）。例

2、如：Jullia is a pretty girl. She does not look like her sister. She cycles to school everyday.Dave and Sam are friends. They go to school together. They study very hard.2、概念一致原则概念一致指谓语动词的单数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不是取决于表面的语法标志。即尽管主语形式是单数，但却是复数概念，则谓语动词用复数；反之亦然。例如：Ten miles is not a long distance.The public are i

3、nterested in how to improve the living conditions.3、毗邻一致原则（就近原则）毗邻一致指：谓语动词的单复数由最靠近谓语动词的主语决定。例如：There is a tape recorder and some books on the table.Only one out of five students were present.（只有五分之一的学生到场。）One in ten are expected to take part in the contest. （希望十分之一的人参加比赛。）按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况1、由with, alo

4、ng with, like, together with, accompanied by, besides, as well as, in addition to, as much as, rather than, more than, except, but等引起的结构联合做主语时，位于在联合就够前的主语决定谓语的单复数形式，不受联合结构部分的影响。如果主语为单数，谓语动词仍用单数例如：The boss, rather than the workers, is responsible for the accident. He as well as I agrees with you.按照语法

5、一致原则的几种常见情况2、由and连接的两个或两个以上的表示不同概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由bothand连接的两个单数形式名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Cathy and her sister Lucy want to join us for the picnic tonight.Both steel and plastics are used in manufacturing.按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况3、由and连接的单数名词联合作主语时，如果并列主语在概念上指同一个人或同一事物，且and后的名词没有冠词，则谓语动词用单数：如果and后的名词前有冠词，即指不同的概念，

6、主语变为复数，谓语动词应用复数如果and后的名词前加上否定词not，谓语动词仍用单数：例如：My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.My best friend and the adviser have changed their mind again.The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when food prices fall.按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况4、由”a portion of, a series of, a kind of等词组名词结构“组成的主语，谓语动词

7、用单数。如：A large portion of the reports is missing.A series of meetings has been held to discuss the feasibility of the plan.按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况5、由”form of , type of , kind of + 名词结构”组成的主语，谓语的单复数由kind, form, type的形式决定。如：The kind of books an author writes depends on the kind of experience he has.Some new ty

8、pes of bus have been developed.按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况6、由”either of, neither of 等词组名词/代词结构“组成的主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Neither of us has gone through regular training.Either of them has not told us about it.按照语法一致原则的几种常见情况7、由”one of +复数名词who/that/which引起的定语从句”结构作主语，先行词靠近复数名词，而不是one，那么，从句中谓语动词用复数形式。如：David is one of tho

9、se people who always have trouble getting up early.He is not one of those who are afraid of difficulties.注意：如果one of结构前有the only修饰时，从句谓语动词要用单数。如：Nancy is the only one of those girls who is able to swim across the Channel.按照概念一致原则的几种常见情况1、表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语时，是一个整体，因此谓语动词用单数。如：Twenty years is only

10、a very short span in human history.Ten miles is covered in a single night.2、集合名词people , police, cattle, poultry, militia作主语时，谓语动词在任何情况下都用复数形式。如：Many people are looking for the lost child.The police are looking for the lost child.The militia are drilling for the parade.按照概念一致原则的几种常见情况3、集合名词family, c

11、ommittee, audience, class作主语时，指其中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数；作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。如：The committee agree to discuss the proposal at the next meeting.The committee is made up of seven members.The audience were moved to tears by what the speaker said.The audience was enormous. 听众人山人海按照概念一致原则的几种常见情况4、the +形容词（或过去分词）“作主语时，

12、指一类的人和物，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.5、”all / most / half / none of 等词单数名词“作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“all / most / half / none of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Most of the apples are green.Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.The first two problems are difficult, but the rest are easy

13、.I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.按照毗邻一致原则的几种常见情况1、由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数与其最接近的主语一致。如：Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.Neither my father nor I am to attend the meeting.Not only you but also I

14、 am mistaken.按照毗邻一致原则的几种常见情况2、由eachand each, every and every.构成的名词词组作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Each student and each teacher is asked to show their tickets. Every man and every woman is required to hand in a report about education system. 3、”many a /more than one +单数名词“作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Many a person has that ki

15、nd of experience.More than one person was involved in the case. 按照毗邻一致原则的几种常见情况4、由each , some , any , no , every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Something has gone wrong with our TV set.Each of us has something to say.5、few， both, few of , both of 后跟名词作主语，谓语动词常用复数。如：Few of my friends were present at the party

16、.Both these two books are mine.Both of them are in good quality. 按照毗邻一致原则的几种常见情况6、”a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词“作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如：A number of books have been published on the subject.The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.另外还有：a great many of +复数名词作主语谓语用复数t

17、he majority of +复数名词作主语谓语用复数quantities of +可数或不可数名词作主语谓语用复数按照毗邻一致原则的几种常见情况举例说明：The majority is for him. (作为整体，因此用单数谓语动词）The majority of students are in favour of his proposal.(作为每个个体，因此用复数谓语动词）Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes.(表示大量的水，因此用复数谓语动词）以书名、国名作主语时的主谓语一致情况以书名、国名作主语的句子，谓语动词用单数，即使有s结尾的国名，作为一个政治实体，也用单数谓语。如：The United States is a country of people with various origins. 美国是个多种族的国家。Tales from Shakespeare is a book