主从复合句专题练习

1、主从复合句讲解及专题练习名词从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面： 1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题;2. 考查引导词that与what的区别; 3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法; 4. 考查whether与if的区别; 5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别; 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名

2、词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if, as if, as though, because（不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever 连接副词：when, where, why, how (一) 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连接词和连接代词以及连接副词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、陈述意义, 又起连接作用，充当从句的成分。如：What he wants

3、to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： 1. It + be + 名词 + that从句2. It + be + 形容词 + th

4、at从句 3. It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句4. It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that(二) 宾语从句名词从句中用作宾语的从句

5、叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的引导词与引导主语从句、表语从句的引导词语大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命

6、令部队马上出发。 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情

7、的支持。 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：(1) 引导主语从句并在句首时；(2) 引导表语从句时；(3) 引导从句作介词宾语时；(4) 从句后有“or not”时；(5) 后接动词不定式时。如:Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上是否生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough mon

8、ey. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。(三) 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用tha

9、t引导而不是because。如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning (四) 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。如：

10、The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had n

11、o idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句1. 先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。2. 在非限制性定

12、语从句中，或者当先行词是指人的those, anyone, everyone, people, he, all, few, one(s)等时，通常不用that引导。3. 以下情况下只能用或多用that：(1) 当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。(2) 先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the

13、 very等修饰时。(3) 先行词包括人和物时。关系副词引导的定语从句1. 当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when，where，why来引导定语从句。2. when, where, why一般可用“介词+which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。3. 如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或者定语，即尽管先行词是表示时间、地点、或原因的，但他们在定语从句中不是作语，而是作主语、宾语或定语时，也不能用关系副词 (when, where, why)，而要用关系代词。状语从句1. 时间状语从句由下列连词引导：w

14、hen, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, since, as soon as, now that, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan,有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语引导时间状语从句。如：directly, instantly, immediately, by the time，the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等。2. 原因状语

15、从句由下列连词引导：as（由于）,because(因为), since（既然）,now (that) (既然), considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）。3. 地点状语从句由下列连词引导：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。4. 结果状语从句由下列连词引导：that，sothat，so that（从句中不带情态动词），suchthat，with the result that等。5. 目的状语从句由下列连词引导：so that, in order that, for fear that等。目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情

16、态动词can, could, may, might, should连用（so that也可用来引导结果状语从句，但从句中不带情态动词）6. 条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。表示条件的状语从句可以由下列连词引导：if（如果），unless（除非）， in case（万一），so /as long as（只要），as/ so far as（就而言）， on condition that（条件是），provided（假设），suppose（假设），supposing（假设）。7. 让步状语从句由下列连词引导：although, though, as, even if, e

17、ven though, while, whetheror, whoever, whatever, however, no matter+疑问词等。8. 方式状语从句由下列连词引导：as, as if, as though, the way等。Do it the way you were told.注意以下几点： (1) as引导方式状语从句时意义为“按照”，“如同”，前面常用加强语势。如：I did it just as you told me.(2) as if和as though 引导的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气，有时也用陈述语气。(3) 连词while 和whereas 可表示对比。如：W

18、hereas he is rather lazy, she is quite energetic.9. 比较状语从句由下列连词引导：asas, not asas, not soas, than等。主从复合句专题练习一、单项选择1. She will give_ needs help a warm support. A. what B. whichC. whoever D. whom2. _ she needs is to have a good rest. A. That B. What C. Whoever D. The things what3. They couldnt understa

19、nd _ I refused. A. what B. whyC. that D. where4. _ shall finish the work before May Day is possible. A. What we B. That we C. Because we D. We5. The difficulty lies in _we have no money. A. thatB. whichC. the fact D. the fact that6. Father asked _. A. what was wrong with me B. whats wrong with me C.

20、 what wrong was with me D. what wrong is with me 7. Barack Obama delivered a speech to 500 local youths during his visit to China, many of _ were from Fudan University and Tongji University.A. them B. whom C. which D. those8. Most of us still wonder _ it is _ makes those honest peasant workers, with

21、out being paid at all, resign themselves to the bosses.A. what; that B. /; what C. that; what D. /; that9. Do you have any idea of rugby（橄榄球运动）? Abosolutely. It is a sport _ players hold the ball and run with it. A. which B. when C. why D. where10. It was the very place _ the soldiers fought over si

22、xty years ago.A. that B. which C. where D. there11. Hardly _ when the bus suddenly pulled away.A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stopC. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop12. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced_ tractors in 1998

23、as the year before.A. as many twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many D. twice as many as13. You can fly to UK this morning _ you dont mind changing planes in Hong Kong.A. because B. provided C. unless D. so far as14. _ occurred to me that the murder happened _ a rainy day. A. What; in B. What; o

24、n C. It; in D. It; on15. The old man has a son and two daughters, _ treating him well, _ makes him sad.A. none of them; which B. and none of whom; thatC. none of whom; which D. and none of them; that16. Was it in Disneyland, _ many cartoon characters can be seen, _ the film was set?A. that; where B.

25、 that; when C. in which; where D. where; that17. _ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit on the head.A. Since B. Before C. When D. Until18. _ you have expressed your determination, you should act immediately.A. Now that B. Even though C. In order that D. Until19. Youd better give t

26、he task to_ you think can finish it ahead of time.A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. no matter who20. Will you go to Marys birthday party?No. _ invited, I cant go. Ill be too busy then.A. If B. Unless C. Even if D. When21. annoyed him most was that he had received no apology.A. How B. Why C. What D

27、. Which22. He had to be reminded two or three times _ he could avoid making the same mistake. A. before B. when C. until D. as 23. I dont say I am against their plan. But the trouble is _ _ they do doesnt agree with（与一致） what they say. 高.考源.A. what that B. that what C. if what D. what if24. It was s

28、hortly after that serious accident happened _ all the people involved were caught and questioned. A. since B. that C. before D. when 25. Lucy was having a holiday with her friend in a national park _ she was bitten on the foot by a snake. A. while B. since C. once D. when 26._ youve tried it, you ca

29、nt imagine how pleasant it is.A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When27. The game is not very difficult you understand the roles. A. until B. though C. once D. unless28. The conference aims to develop business and let people think about _ they can have a positive influence on the planet.A. why B. t

30、hat C. what D. how29. It was the training _he had at school _made him good jumper A. what；what B. that；that C. what；that D. that；what 二、单句语法填空1. My cousin asked me I could lend him the Chinese novel. 2. The fact he was successful proves his ability. 3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an

31、international language. 4. They have no idea at all he has gone. 5. is because Mathematics is the base of all other sciences. 6. The reason why he hasnt come is his mother is ill. 7. leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. 8. Its uncertain the experiment is worth doing. 9. I have will be y

32、ours sooner or later. 10. Ill eat you give me. 11. I cant understand is he wants to change his mind. 12. I will accept the gift is none of your business. 13. We could see the tower clearly from we were standing. 14. there is life on another planet is almost impossible. 15. The demand the workers ask

33、 for higher wages seemed reasonable. 16. Has it been announced the planes are to take off?17. The trouble is we are short of tools. 18. It is possible he misunderstood I said. 19. The fact he is an orphan is well known. 20. Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain. 21. The pr

34、oblem is will go. 22. he has done has nothing to do with us. 23. That is we were absent last time. 24. is announced, all the schools will reopen soon. 25._ is announced that all the schools will reopen soon. 26. The number of people _ were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.27. All _ glitte

35、rs（闪光；发光） is not gold.28. One _ laughs last laughs best.29. This is the boy_ mother is a teacher.30. Id like the room_ window looks out over the sea.31. Those _ want to see the movie should book the tickets in advance.32. This is the very book _ I am looking for.33. He will tell you everything _ he

36、heard about.34. This novel, _ I have read three times, is very touching.35. Do you know the professor_ is speaking at the meeting?36. Ill never forget the day _ I played there. 37. Ill never forget the day _I spent there.38. The school _ I learned English was very large.39. The school _ I visited ye

37、sterday was very large.40. I study at a school _ reputation has begun to extend beyond South China.41. Can you tell me the reason _ you were absent today?42. The reason _ he gave for not coming was that his mother didnt allow him to.43. Ill never forget the day _ which I worked with you.44. Ill neve

38、r forget the days _ which I worked with you.45. The school _ which I learned judo was very large.46. The school _ which I was sent was very large.47. What was the reason _ which you visited the city?48. I have many friends, _ whom some are businessmen.49. They will visit the farm_ which my brother w

39、orks.50. Water is very important for us _ which we can not live. 三、写作运用(翻译句子，划出从句) (一)Hello, everyone! Let me tell you something about our school and our teachers that you may be interested in. Our school is a beautiful and quiet place, behind which lies a lake. Our school, which has an area of more

40、 than 500 acres, was built in 2010.There are more than 300 teachers in our school, 70% of whom are women teachers. Besides, there are more than 5000 students, half of whom are girl students.(二)So worried was the author that he found it difficult to rid himself of concerns and worries. However, while

41、 sitting by a lake and enjoying the peace of nature, he felt at peace with himself. The experience of the author reminds me of my years in high school, which is a very worrying time for us students. Endless examinations and expectation from parents and teachers are the main causes of my concerns and

42、 worries. Sometimes, I am too worried to focus on my studies. Worse still, my health also suffers a great deal. Since too much worry has a bad effect on our studies and lives, effective means should be taken to deal with it. As for me, I usually share my feelings with people around me, like my paren

43、ts, teachers or friends. Besides, I often free myself from worries by listening to music or doing physical activities. If I still cannot rid myself of worries, Ill have a good cry and then try to concentrate on my studies. When we are free of worries, we can become healthier, study more efficiently

44、and get along better with other people. In a word, only when we have a good mood can we grow up happily and healthily. (三) While looking for a job, the author suffered one failure after another, which made him feel very disappointed. It was his mothers encouragement that inspired him to go on trying until he succeeded. The story reminds me of the similar experience of the famous poet Li Bai. His life