高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit5Thepowerofnature课件概述

1、Unit 5Unit 5The power of natureThe power of nature重点短语重点句型重点单词1.eruptvi.(指火山)爆发;突然中止eruptionn.(战争等)爆发2.alongsideadv.在旁边;沿着边prep.在旁边;沿着的边3.equipmentn.设备,装备equipvt.配备,装备4.appointvt.任命,委派appointmentn.任命,委派5.evaluatevt.评估,评价;估计 vi.评价evaluationn.估价;评价;估算6.waven.波浪,波涛vi.波动;起伏;挥手 重点短语重点句型重点单词7.absolutelyad

2、v.绝对地,完全地absoluteadj.绝对的,完全的8.suitn.一套外衣;套装 vt.适合;使适宜suitableadj.合适的;恰当的9.potentialn.潜在性,可能性;潜能 adj.可能的,潜在的10.actualadj.实在的,实际的actuallyadv.事实上,实际上11.uncomfortableadj.不舒服的,不舒适的comfortable(反义词)adj.舒服的,舒适的comfortn.舒适;安慰 vt.安慰;使舒适12.unconsciousadj.失去知觉的;未察觉的conscious(反义词)adj.神志清醒的;知道的,注意到的 重点短语重点句型重点单词1

3、3.shootvt.射中;射伤shot(过去式/过去分词)shotn.射击;枪炮声14.tremblevi.摇晃,摇动;颤抖tremblingadj.发抖的;摇动的15.anxiousadj.忧虑的,不安的anxiouslyadv.忧虑地,不安地anxietyn.担心,焦虑;渴望16.panicvt.,vi. &n.惊慌,恐慌panicked(过去式/过去分词)panickyadj.焦虑不安的,恐慌的 重点短语重点句型重点单词17.diverseadj.多种多样的,不同的diversityn.多种多样,多样性18.bathevi.洗澡;游泳bathn.洗澡,沐浴;浴缸19.appreciati

4、onn.欣赏;感谢,感激appreciatevt.欣赏;感谢,感激20.guaranteevt.保证;担保 n.保证;保修单 重点短语重点句型重点单词1.burn to the ground 全部焚毁2.make ones way 前往3.glance through 匆匆看一遍4.vary from.to. 由到不等 重点短语重点句型重点单词1.我刚要再睡,突然我的卧室亮如白昼。I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.2.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,但是我

5、第一次经历这样的事,所以留在山顶上观察他们。The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study,but this being my first experience,I stayed at the top and watched them.3.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先,具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。It is said that this boy,who had a great gift for languages and persuasion,is the father of the

6、 Manchu people.重点短语重点句型重点单词4.如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池,别忘了投一枚硬币到清澈碧蓝的水中,以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、长久。If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one,dont forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself . I have 1.the greatest

7、job in the world.I often travel to unusual places and work alongside interesting people from all over the world.Using 2.scientific(science) equipment and collecting information about volcanoes is my job.Although my job is occasionally dangerous,I dont mind because danger 3.excites(excite) me and mak

8、es me feel alive.As is known to all,when lava from the volcano flows down the mountain,many houses will be covered with lava 4.or be burnt to the ground.However,my job helps scientists predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast,5.which can help protect ordinary people from one o

9、f the most powerful 6.forces(force) on earth.I once experienced the 7.eruption(erupt) of Mount Kilauea and was lucky to have a close look.When it broke out,red lava was fountaining hundreds of meters 8.into the air.All the lava 9.passing(pass) slowly down the mountain caused great damage and buried

10、everything in its path under the molten rock.It was an 10.absolutely(absolute) fantastic sight. 重点短语重点句型重点单词appointvt.任命,委派;约定,确定(时间、地点等)I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.20年前,作为一名火山学家,我被派到夏威夷火山观测站工作。(教材原句P34)常见用法appoint sb.to.任命某人

11、(职位)appoint ab.as/to be 任命某人担任(职位)appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事He was appointed to the post of general manager.他被任命为总经理。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸appointed adj.指定的,约定的appointment n.约会,预约;任命,委任make/fix an appointment with 与约会keep/break ones appointment 守约/失约If you fail to keep the doctors appointment youll pay

12、 for it.如果你和医生约好了时间但到时不去,你得付钱。现学活用单句填空1.The politician was appointed as the Minister of Finance.2.Our visitors arrived at the appointed(appoint) time.3.Id like to make an appointment(appoint) to see Mr Clinton.4.A lawyer was appointed to represent(represent) the child. 重点短语重点句型重点单词evaluatevt.评估;估价;估

13、计 vi.评价Having collected and evaluated the information,I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.收集和评估了这些信息之后,我就帮助其他科学家一起预测火山熔岩接着将往何处流去,流速是多少。(教材原句P34)We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.我们需要对这一政策产生的效果做出评估。常见用法evaluate ones ability 评估某人的

14、能力evaluate oneself 评价自己I can not evaluate his ability.我无法评估他的能力。 重点短语重点句型重点单词词义辨析1.evaluate侧重评估事物的质量、效果及人物的能力、成就等。2.assess 既可表示对人物或事物性质、质量的评定,也可表示对事物数量、价值的评估。作“评估”讲时常与value,damage,effect等抽象名词搭配。3.value指估计某物的价值、价格。现学活用用evaluate,assess和value的适当形式填空1.Dont evaluate people by their clothes.2.Damage to th

15、e building was assessed at $40,000.3.He valued the house for me at 3,500. 重点短语重点句型重点单词absolutelyadv.绝对地,完全地;全部It was an absolutely fantastic sight.那是个绝对令人惊奇的景象。(教材原句P34)常见用法absolutely可用于回答问题或用作评语,意为“正是,当然”,相当于of course。另外by all means,rather也有类似的用法。拓展延伸1.absolute adj.绝对的,完全的an absolute fact 确凿的事实abso

16、lute independence 完全独立2.表示“完全的,彻底的”的词还有complete,entire,thorough,pure,full,perfect等。I look upon this as an absolute necessity.我认为这是绝对必要的。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用absolute的适当形式填空1.Would you be able to go to the party?Absolutely!But I have to pick up my friend at the airport.2.Im quite sure that it is absolut

17、ely impossible for me to fulfill the task in only two days without anyone to help me. 重点短语重点句型重点单词suitvt.适合;使适宜 n.一套外衣;套装We had white protective suits that covered our whole body,helmets,big boots and special gloves.我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身,戴上了头盔和特别的手套,还穿了一双大靴子。(教材原句P34)常见用法suit sb.适合某人suit sb.fine 对某人很合适sui

18、t.to.使适合于suit ones needs满足某人的需要Will that time suit you?那个时间合适吗?If you want to go by bus,that suits me fine.要是你想坐公共汽车走,我也没问题。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸suitable adj.合适的,适当的;相配的be suitable for 适合于be suitable to do sth.适合做某事词义辨析1.fit 多指衣服等“尺寸、大小”合身或者合适。I tried the dress on but it didnt fit.It was too small.我试穿了那

19、件连衣裙,但不合身,它太小了。2.suit 指衣服等“颜色、款式、花样”适合,也可指“时间”适合。Blue suits you.你适合穿蓝色(服装)。3.match 指“使相称,使相配,使匹配”,多指两个物体在大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配,显得很协调。The color of the shirt doesnt match that of the tie.衬衫的颜色与领带的颜色不相配。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用fit,suit或match填空1.Choose a computer to suit your particular needs.2.Her shoes match he

20、r dress.They look very well together.3.My mother cut down my fathers trousers to fit me. 重点短语重点句型重点单词potentialn.潜在性,可能性;潜能 adj.(作定语)可能的,潜在的Having studied volcanoes now for many years,I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.虽然我从事火山研究很多年了,但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大

21、破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已。(教材原句P35)常见用法1.have/show potential 有潜力/表现出潜力have the potential to do sth.有做某事的潜力achieve/realize ones potential 发挥出某人的潜力excellent potential for. 的大好机遇2.a potential prime minister 未来的首相She has great potential as an artist.她是一位很有潜能的艺术家。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用完成句子1.他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。He has the poten

22、tial to become a world-class musician.2.我们想让每个学生最大限度地发挥他们的潜力。We want each student to realize their full potential. 重点短语重点句型重点单词anxiousadj.(令人)焦虑的;渴望的;急切的I was so anxious and couldnt move at first.我非常担心,一开始吓得动弹不得。(教材原句P38)常见用法be anxious for/about sth.为某事担心/忧虑be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事be anxious that.

23、急于be anxious for sb.to do sth.急于让某人做某事Were anxious for your safe return.我们盼望你平安归来。 We were anxious that there should be no misunderstanding.我们特别希望没有误解。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸1.anxiously adv.焦虑地2.anxiety n.忧虑,担心;渴望with anxiety 焦虑地词义辨析1.anxious指热切地希望实现愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦虑的。2.eager指以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的的,有时也指由于

24、其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的,后面可接for或者不定式。3.keen指对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的,后接不定式或介词on或about。4.nervous指在某个事件之前或之中感到“胆怯、焦虑不安”,常与介词of连用。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用anxious的相关用法完成句子1.他希望不被人误解。He is anxious not to be misunderstood.2.她盼望他见她的父亲。She is anxious that he should meet her father.3.一到星期天他们就急着回家。They are anxious to go home on Sun

25、days.4.我们焦急地等待考试结果。We waited with anxiety/anxiously for the examination results. 重点短语重点句型重点单词panicvt.& vi.(使)恐慌,(使)惊慌失措 n.惊恐,惊慌I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.我非常紧张,并且不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。(教材原句P38)常见用法1.panic at.因而惊慌panic o doing sth.使某人惊慌失措地做某事2.in (a) panic 惊慌失措地get into a pa

26、nic 惊慌失措be thrown into (a) panic 陷入惊慌失措中The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion.爆炸声使人群惊慌起来。 She got into a panic when she thought shed forgotten the tickets.她想起忘带入场券,顿时惊慌起来。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句填空1.The banks were panicked(panic) into selling dollars.2.When the government office building was u

27、nder fire,the crowd got into a panic.3.Shoppers fled the street in panic after two bombs exploded in central London. 重点短语重点句型重点单词guaranteevt.保证,担保 n.保证;保修单;包换单If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one,dont forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee you

28、r love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池,别忘了投一枚硬币到清澈碧蓝的水中,以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样幽深而长久。(教材原句P39)常见用法1.guarantee that.保证guarantee to do sth.保证做某事guarantee sb.sth.向某人担保某事be guaranteed to 必定会,肯定会重点短语重点句型重点单词2.give sb.a guarantee that.向某人担保there is no guarantee that.不能保证under guarante

29、e 在保修期内We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.我们保证一周内交货。 Perfect satisfaction is guaranteed to our customers.保证我们的顾客完全满意。 Theres no guarantee that shell come.不能保证她一定会来。 The watch is still under guarantee.这只手表仍在保修期内。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用完成句子1.这个汽车俱乐部无法保证满足所有会员的要求。The car club couldnt guarantee

30、to meet the demands of all its members.2.即使你完成了培训,我也无法保证你能有工作。Even if you complete your training I cant guarantee you a job.3.那样的行为肯定会让他生气。That kind of behavior is guaranteed to make him angry. 重点短语重点句型重点单词make ones way前往It was not easy to walk in these suits,but we slowly made our way to the edge o

31、f the crater and looked down into the red,boiling center.穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易,但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去,并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。(教材原句P35)As soon as he saw us,Tom made his way through the crowd to meet us.汤姆一看到我们,就从人群中出来迎接我们。 Look!Many children are making their way to the beach.看!很多孩子正往海滩走去。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸fight ones way

32、 打出出路;奋勇前进force ones way 挤过去push/squeeze ones way 推开(人群)通过,挤过wind ones way 蜿蜒前进feel ones way 摸索着走;谨慎行事lose ones way 迷路make way for 给让路find ones way 找到出路 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用way的相关短语的适当形式填空1.这条河蜿蜒流过山谷。The river winds its way through the valley.2.因为迷了路,所以他没来。He didnt come because he lost his way .3.我们只好打

33、出条出路通过敌人的防线。We had to fight our way through the enemy lines.4.我们只能在实践中学习,在行进中摸索。We can only learn from practice,feeling our way as we go. 重点短语重点句型重点单词glance through匆匆看一遍,浏览Glance through these questions.浏览一下这些问题。(教材原句P39)拓展延伸1.glance at/over/toward瞥;匆匆一看glance round 环顾周围2.cast/shoot/throw a glance a

34、t 匆匆瞥一眼at a glance 一看,看一眼He glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncles handwriting.他瞥了一眼那个信封,认出是他叔叔的笔迹。 She glanced round the room before she left.她略微环视了一下房间才离开。 I could see at a glance that it wasnt his own work.我一眼就能看出这不是他本人的作品。 重点短语重点句型重点单词词义辨析1.glare“怒目而视”,指用力地或有威胁性地看,强调敌意和惊恐。2.stare “凝视,

35、盯着看”,指长时间、目不转睛地看。3.glance “一瞥,匆匆一看”,指快速地看或瞥一眼。现学活用用glare,stare或glance的适当形式填空1.“I must go,” Ckaydua said,glancing at her watch.2.The boys stood there glaring at one another before they began to fight.3.Its impolite to stare at people. 重点短语重点句型重点单词when作并列连词的句型I was about to go back to sleep when sudde

36、nly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡,突然我的卧室亮如白昼。(教材原句P34)该句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”。常用于以下句型:had just done.when.刚做完这时be about to do.when.刚要做这时be on the point of doing.when.刚要做这时was/were doing.when.正在做这时 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句填空1.He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.2.I was

37、 watching(watch)TV in my house when Tom hurried in.3.She was about to dish(dish)up when some guests came.4.She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. 重点短语重点句型重点单词独立主格结构The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later

38、 study,but this being my first experience,I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,但是我第一次经历这样的事,所以留在山顶上观察他们。1.独立主格结构的特点。独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 重点短语重点句型重点单

39、词2.独立主格结构主要形式。(1)名词/代词+现在分词。There being no bus,we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。(2)名词/代词+过去分词。He was listening attentively in class,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。(3)名词/代词+不定式。在此结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。The four of us agreed on a division of

40、labor,each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工合作,每人翻译全书的四分之一。(4)名词/代词+形容词。Computers very small,we can use them widely.电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地使用它们。 重点短语重点句型重点单词(5)名词/代词+副词。The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。(6)名词/代词+名词。Two hundred people died in the accident,many

41、of them children.两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。(7)名词/代词+介词短语。The little girl sat down,traces of tears still on her cheeks.小女孩坐了下来,面颊上还带有泪痕。3.独立主格结构的主要用法。(1)作时间状语。The governor pondering the matter,more strikers gathered across his path.当总督思考问题时,更多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。重点短语重点句型重点单词(2)作条件状语。Weather permitting,they will go

42、 on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。(3)作原因状语。There being no further business to discuss,we all went home.没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。(4)作伴随状语。He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head.他躺在草地上,双手交叉枕在脑后。(5)作补充说明。Ten students entered for the competition,the youngest a boy of

43、 12.共10个学生报名参加了这次竞赛,年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用将下列句子改为带有独立主格结构的句子1.When spring comes,the fields are full of life.Spring coming,the fields are full of life.2.The boy stood there,and his right hand was raised.The boy stood there,his right hand raised.3.As it was Sunday,all the offices were closed.

44、It being Sunday ,all the offices were closed.4.When food was being cooked,I fell asleep.Food being cooked,I fell asleep. 一、单句填空1.(2015陕西高考改编)Her owner Mike Holden (panic) and called the coastguard of Cornwall,who turned up in seconds.1.panicked。根据and后的谓语为过去式可知这里也应用过去式。panic的过去式为panicked。2.(2015湖南高考改

45、编)He suddenly glanced me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”2.at。句意:他突然看了我一眼然后轻声问道,“你为什么那样盯着我?”glance at“扫视,匆匆一瞥”。3.(2014浙江高考改编)Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse (appoint) to guard her.3.appointed。根据句子结构可知,appoint与nurse构成被动关系,所以填写其过去分词形式。句意:Am

46、ie Salmon身患残疾,在她的学业生涯中,专门有一个指定的护士来照顾她。 4.(2014福建高考改编)It is widely acknowledged that students should (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.4.be evaluated。evaluate“评价,评估”,在此构成被动句。句意:大家普遍认为学生们应该得到全面的评价。5.(2014山东高考改编)This apple pie is too sweet,dont you think so?Not really.I think its just right, (actual).5.actually。此处应用副词修饰前面整个句子。6.(2014重庆高考改编)Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and (vary) program thats fun as well as progressive.6.varied/various。vary的形容词有varied和various两种形式。句意:重复做一件事情会令人生厌,关键是要制定出先进、有趣且协调、多变的规划。