2011年中考英语专项复习之形容词、副词参考word

1、形容词和副词【考点直击】1. 形容词的用法；2. 副词的用法；3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。【名师点睛】1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I

2、have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film.？ (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. (4) the形容词表示一类人或物作主语时谓语用复数。常见的这类形容词有：young，old，rich，p

3、oor，blind，deaf（聋）等。 The rich should help the poor.2. 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语） When will you be back? （作表语） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now， today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often

4、, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend of

5、mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously渴望地, badly, bravely勇敢地, calmly平静地, carefully, proudly, rapidly迅速地, suddenly突然, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly热烈地, well, fast, s

6、low, quick, hard, alone, high, straight直接地, wide宽，等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, comp

7、letely, nearly, almost, deeply深深地, hardly, partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放

8、在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.- 2 - / 9She is seldom ill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He d

9、idnt work hard enough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(3)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如

10、：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered y

11、et.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物）用比较级。Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) m

12、ost 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (3) The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.表示 越. 就越.。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越. 。 Its getting hotter and hotter. Our hometown is getting more and more beautiful.(注意多音节比较级用more and more+adj)(5) 主

13、语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. （谓语是系动词时两个as之间用形容词） He writes as carefully as his brother .(谓语是一般动词时两个as之间用副词)(6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. The rich are not always happy .(7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。句中常有of all，in his class ，one of等提示性词语。形容词最高级前面的the

14、 不能省略。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. （8）在of the two结构中比较级前加the。 She is the younger of the two . Lily is the shorter of the twins .4. 比较时用注意的几个问题： 1）比较的双方要同类。如：My pen is as new as his.(比较的是pen因此第二个as后不能用人称代词him) 2）避免和自己比较要用other或else如：He is cleverer than the other students in his cl

15、ass .(同一个范围内用other排除自己)=He is cleverer than any other student in his class .(student用单数)=He is cleverer than anyone else in his class . 3)比较替换用that /those如：The weather in Shanghai is much hotter than that in Beijing. The students from Class Two are much taller than those from Class One . 4)加强比较级的词有a

16、 little , a bit ,much , a lot, lots ,even, still , far 等。如：The apple is still redder . 5)比较时倍数的表达法： 倍数表达法：l A + 谓语+倍数+the +n.(size/ height/ length/width)+of B A的大小/高度/长度/宽度/是B的-倍l A + 谓语+倍数+as + abj. + as B A的-是B的-倍l A + 谓语+倍数+adj. 比较级+than B= A + 谓语+adj. 比较级+than B+by+倍数1). This square is twice the

17、 size of that one.这个广场的大小是那个的两倍 =This square is twice as large as that one. = This square is once larger than that one.（这个广场比那个大一倍因此用once）2).This factory produced three times as many cars as they did 10 years ago.3).He is 3 years older than I- He is older than I by 3 years 5、形容词比较级与最高级的特殊用法举例： His b

18、ike is newer than hers. (见到than 必须用比较级) Jim is the tallest in our class.(在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围) Jim is the tallest of all (the studens). (见到of all 要用最高级) = Of all the students, Jim is the tallest. Jim is the tallest of the three. (见到of the three要用最高级) Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ? (两者比用比较级)

19、Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ?（三者或三者以上比用最高级） This ruler is short , Please give me a longer one. Id like the bigger (one) of the two cakes.（两者中“较”用“the+比较级”表示特指） Tom is two years older than I. 汤姆比我大两岁。 Tom is twice as old as I. 汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。 The number of the students in our school

20、is bigger/larger/smaller than yours. 我们学校的学生数目比你们学校大/小。(数字number分大小，big/large 或small;价格price论高低,不是low来就是 high；物品thing种类多，若要区分用dear或cheap)6、比较级与最高级的互换Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个男孩都高)= Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高)= Jim is taller than any

21、 of the other boys in our class.=Jim is taller than any other boy in our class .= Jim is the tallest boy in our class.（吉姆是我们班最高的） .Tom isnt as/so tall as Mike. = Tom is shorter than Mike. = Mike is taller than Tom. = Tom is less tall than Mike.So-as 只用于否定句asas可以用于肯定或否定句中。 .This book isnt as/so inter

22、esting as that book. =This book is less interesting than that book =That book is more interesting than this book.常见不规则形容词的比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad, badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的

23、less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)一、单项选择1There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has friends, s

24、o he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D. few4She isnt so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best5Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well6He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest7I bought exercise-boo

25、ks with money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10Wu Lin ran faster than

26、 the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too11. I dont feel very today. A. good B. better C. nice D. well12. He didnt go there with me, she didnt . A. too B. either C. neither D. also13. Our hall is theirs. A. twice as large as B. twice so large as C. as twice large as D. twic

27、e more than14. John did in the exam, Tom did even . A. bad, worse B. more bad, more worse C. badly, worst D. badly, worse15. Your mother wont be angry with you, will she? I hope . A. so B. it C. not D. no16. The villagers had rain this year than last year. A. less B. least C. little D. lesser17. She

28、 is than Mary. A. older two years B. old two years C. two years old D. two years older18. He says that he will pay a price for the house. A. tall B. taller C. high D. highest19. They have held three meetings this week . A. alone B. lonely C. ever D. just20. How do you go to the South Lake? A. often

29、B. long C. soon D. fast21. This is really a news. A. surpring B. surprised C. be surprised D. surprise22. Dont make noise. Please keep . A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D. more quietly23. He bought from a shop. A. an old black wood round table B. a round old black wood table C. an old round black wood

30、table D. a round black wood old table24. arent so happy as . A. The rich/poor B. Rich/the poor C. Rich/poor D. The rich/the poor25. Can you finish the work with money and people? A. lessless B. littlefew C. fewerfewer D. lessfewer26. Do you have money to buy the colour TV set? A. a little B. few C.

31、enough D. many27. I like green but Li Lei prefers blue. A. shallow, deep B. think, thick C. light, dark D. white, black28. See you . See you. A. late B. later C. latest D. last29. He spoke fast that we could understand him. A. too, not hardly B. so, not hardly C. too, hardly D. so, hardly30. I didnt

32、 go , I went . A. anywhere, upstairs B. nowhere, to upstairs C. to somewhere, upstairs D. to anywhere, upstairs31. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily32. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleas

33、ed C. angry D. sorry33. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as34. -This digital camera is really cheap! -The _ the better. Im short of money, y

34、ou see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive35. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon36. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more37. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans

35、 first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes38. -One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of39. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A.

36、 The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less40. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something二、改错1. He doesnt feel like anything. Please give him delicious something to eat.2. I found a quite

37、big mouse in the kitchen the day before yesterday. 3. He plans to stay here for another more week. 4. Paris is the most beautiful than any other city in the world. 5. Is it more difficult to learn Chinese than learning Japanese? 6. Her older brother is two years older than she. 7. The population of Henan is larger than Hunan. 8. Tom got here earlier about ten minutes them his brother. 9. Im taller of the two boys. 10. Are your trousers so new as hers?三. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. _