模块语法专题整合

1、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式形式从句前无逗号从句前无逗号从句前有逗号从句前有逗号功能功能修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词；也可修饰名词或代词；也可修饰整个主句修饰整个主句关系词关系词可用可用that引导；作宾语的引导；作宾语的关系代词常省略关系代词常省略一般不用一般不用that引导；关系引导；关系词不能省略词不能省略翻译翻译译在先行词前译在先行词前(从句译作从句译作先行词的定语先行词的定语)译成与主句并列的分句译成与主句并列的分句意义意义起限制作用起限制作用(若省去从句若省去从句，主句意义不完整，主句意义不完整)起补充说明作用起补充说明作用(若省去

2、若省去从句，不影响主句意义从句，不影响主句意义)关系代词关系代词先行词先行词关系代词在从句关系代词在从句中充当的句子成分中充当的句子成分that指人或物指人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语which指物指物主语、宾语、定语主语、宾语、定语who指人指人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom指人指人宾语宾语whose(of whom/of which)指人或物指人或物定语定语as指人或物指人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语that which which who whose aswhich位置上位置上位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后也可置于句后只能放在先行只能放

3、在先行词的后面词的后面搭配上搭配上谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember, guess, hope等等无动词的限制无动词的限制句意上句意上表示表示“正如正如，正像，正像的那的那样样”意为意为“这一点这一点”As 关系副词关系副词先行词先行词关系副词在从句中充当关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分的句子成分when(介词介词which)表示时间表示时间时间状语时间状语where(介词介词which)表示地点表示地点地点状语地点状语why(for which)表示原因表示原因原因状语原因状语w

4、here whom whom who where that引导引导定语从句定语从句定语从句相当于形容定语从句相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰词，对先行词起修饰、限定作用，与先行、限定作用，与先行词之间有从属关系词之间有从属关系The news that she told me shocked everyone here.她她告诉我的消息震惊了这儿告诉我的消息震惊了这儿的每个人。的每个人。(that引导定语引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)that引导引导同位语从同位语从句句同位语从句相当于名同位语从句相当于名词，对前面的名词给词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步予补充说明或进一步解

5、释，是前面名词的解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与先行词具体内容，与先行词之间是同位关系之间是同位关系The news that she had passed the driving test surprised me.她通过驾照她通过驾照考试的消息让我吃惊。考试的消息让我吃惊。(that引导同位语从句，在引导同位语从句，在从句中不作句子成分从句中不作句子成分)that where for whom whom of whom about which where that that in which whose whom/who/that which/that which/that which/th

6、at whose when where why where where whom whose The old man has a son who is in the army.The parcel which is red in color is about to be posted. /The parcel which is about to be posted is red in color.I will always remember the first lesson that was given by Miss Dora.The girl whose hair is brown is

7、from America.He is the very person that I am waiting for.The day when we will win the final victory will come.I forgot the exact place where I had hidden the box.That is the reason why I dont want to go.Hangzhou is a famous city in which there is a beautiful lake.He didnt tell me the reason for which he was so upset.Fortunately we had a compass without which we would have got lost.The tool with which he is working is called a hammer.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklac