张道真全范围英语语法之9·连词和感叹词

1、纸介图书双击此处跟踪链接天猫旗舰店京东有售张道真全范围英语语法之连词和感叹词担纲指导 张道真 执行主编 席玉虎 编 著 陈 静 赵淑文山西出版传媒集团山西教育出版社2013年6月第2版2014年2月第5次印刷出 版人 雷俊林 出版策划 苗补坤责任编辑 王爱仙ISBN 978-7-5440-6436-1学习探讨英语语法请加微平台bbzdzyyyf 语法学习交流微平台 纸介图书京东旗舰店 纸介图书天猫旗舰店 百度阅读手持媒体免费读丨学英语，凭什么让我学语法吗？不时听到一些青年问道：学英语一定要学语法吗？语法应该怎么学呢？我们就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。对中国学生来说，尤其是成年人，我看是学点

2、语法好。语法，顾名思义，乃是语言的法则和规律。学习语法，尤其是一些基本法则，至少有下列几个好处：第一可以使你学得快些，因为已有现成的前人总结的法则，用不着你从头摸索。第二可以使你学得透些，因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然，而且可以知其所以然。第三可以使你学得准些，因为语法法则就是一条条准绳，可以用以衡量一句话是否正确。第四语法不但可以引你入门，更可以引你入胜，使你逐渐眼界开阔，语感加深，从而使你的英语水平不断提高。丨那么应该如何学习语法呢？我认为在学习语法过程中，应该注意下面几点：第一基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时，一定要把它的基本概念搞清，牢记在心。第二要大量地实践，大量地练习。实

3、践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面，练习要着重说和写。第三学习语法时，应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较，效果就比较好。 第四要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法，就不必钻牛角尖，进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。第五将一本语法书通读一遍，当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书，像词典一样地经常查阅，始能学得比较细致牢靠。第六实用英语语法只应是入门的向导，像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定水平之后，就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑，影响你说和写的流利性。最后可能还会有人说，语法应该学，就是太枯燥。我的感觉是：开头有点枯燥，

4、过些时候，就会像嚼橄榄似的，越学越有味了。如若不信，请试试看。 张道真全范围英语语法之连词和感叹词目 录话说连词 A从属连词引导时间状语从句的连词引导条件状语从句的连词引导目的状语从句的连词引导结果状语从句的连词引导原因状语从句的连词引导让步状语从句的连词引导方式状语从句的连词引导地点状语从句的连词引导比较状语从句的连词引导其他从句的连词 B并列连词表示并列表示转折表示因果其他并列连词 C常见连词的比较When和whileBecause，as，since和forIf和whether话说感叹词常见感叹词的用法 基础练习 能力提升 Unit 9 连词和感叹词话说连词英语中的连词是虚词，它不能在句中

5、担任句子成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的作用。连词通常可使句子与句子之间联系得更紧凑，使上下文更加连贯。英语中的连词按其性质可分为从属连词和并列连词两大类。 (1) 从属连词是用来连接从句的连词。见下表：时间状语从句：when，before，after，since，while， as，until。例证：Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。条件状语从句：if，unless，supposing。例证：Ill come unless it rains. 例证：除非下雨，否则我会来。目的状语从句：in order that，so that，so，tha

6、t。例证：Speak clearly so that we can understand you. 讲清楚以便我们能听懂你的意思。结果状语从句：so.that，such.that，that，so，so that。例证：She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感动得热泪盈眶。原因状语从句：because，as，since。例证：She cant go because she is ill. 她生病了，因此不能去。让步状语从句：although，though，while。例证：He went on working though he was t

7、ired. 尽管累，他还是继续干活。方式状语从句：as，like，the way，as if / though。例证：Do as I tell you. 照我的话做。地点状语从句：where，wherever。例证：Stay where you are. 你待在原处。比较状语从句：than，as。例证：You run faster than I do. 你比我跑得快。 (2) 并列连词是主要连接互不依从的分句，有时连接两个并列的词或短语。见下表：表示意思转折的并列连词：but，yet，however，nevertheless等。例证：Slow but sure. 慢而稳。表示因果关系的并列连词

8、：for，so，therefore，hence等。例证：Robert broke the rules of the school; therefore he had to leave. 罗伯特犯了校规，因此不得不离校。其他并列连词：and，or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also，both.and，as well as等。例证：Her son lives at home and has a steady job. 她儿子住在家里，有一份稳定的工作。A.从属连词1. 引导时间状语从句的连词 (1) whenHer father died when sh

9、e was young. 她很小的时候父亲就死了。Ill write when I have finished the book. 我把书看完了再写信。相关试题解析How did you try to get to school on time_you missed the school bus, Mary?(中考题)A. whenB. if C. onceD. that【选A】译文：玛丽，当你误了学校公交车的时候，你怎么按时去学校？ (2) whileMake hay while the sun shines. 行事要趁机会好。Brent felt chilly while he was w

10、alking. 布伦特走着时感到有些凉意。 (3) asAs he slept he dreamed a dream. 他睡觉时做了一个梦。As I was coming here, I met your brother. 我来这里时碰到了你哥哥。 (4) beforeWe cant possibly finish this before the rains start. 雨季开始前我们不可能干完这活儿。Long before you return, she will have forgotten you. 在你回来前，她会早已把你忘了。 (5) afterSoon after she ret

11、urned, the child vomited. 她回来不久孩子就吐了。After we had finished tea, we all sat on the grass. 我们喝完茶后，都在草地上坐着。I will tell them after you leave / have left. 你走了之后我再告诉他们。 (6) untilI watched him until he disappeared from sight. 我望着他直到他看不见了。I shall stay until Ive completed my studies. 我要在这里待到我学习结束为止。 (7) till

12、Lets wait till the rain stops. 咱们等到雨停吧。Ill keep it for you till you come back. 我将替你把这保存到你回来。 (8) sinceTwo weeks had passed since Martin had seen him. 自从马丁见到他以后，又过了两个礼拜。I havent seen you since I have been back. 我回来后就一直没见到你。 (9) wheneverWhenever I see him, I speak to him. 每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。I go to the the

13、atre whenever I get the chance. 一有机会我就去看戏。 (10) 一些其他类型的时间状语从句Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚一到，她就开始发牢骚。Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起，可以随便谈了。Once you began, you couldnt stop. 你一旦开始就停不住了。We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke. 我们刚出发就遇到了大雷雨。2.

14、引导条件状语从句的连词 (1) ifI would have talked to him if Id thought of it. 如果我想到了，我就和他谈了。If she went, would you go too? 如果她去，你也会去吗？ (2) unlessI shouldnt dream of going unless you wanted me. 我不会去，除非你要我去。You will fail unless you work hard. 如果你不用功学习，你会不及格的。 (3) supposingSupposing she doesnt come, what shall we

15、do? 要是她不来，我们怎么办？Supposing he cant come, who will do the work? 假使他不能来，这工作谁做？ (4) 条件状语从句还可有其他的形式Brant will do the work providing you pay him. 如果你能付费，布兰特可以做这工作。As long as youre happy, it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。注意 (1) 有些条件状语从句中也可

16、省略某些成分或改成短语。如：If necessary, ring me at home. 如果有必要，可以打电话到我家找我。If in doubt, ask at your local library. 若有疑问，你可向当地图书馆咨询。He would never do this unless compelled. 他绝不会做这事，除非是被迫如此。In case of fire, ring the bell. 如有火灾，按铃。 (2) 有些状语从句介于条件状语从句与让步状语从句之间。如：The moon is a moon still whether it shines or not. 月亮总

17、是月亮，不管它亮不亮。 It has the same result whichever way you do it. 不管你怎么做，结果都一样。Whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是谁，你不能从这儿过去。3. 引导目的状语从句的连词 (1) in order thatIn order that you may create such a picture, you have to possess certain artistic weapons. 创作这样的画，你得具有某些艺术手法。I have come all the way from V

18、ienna in order that you should thoroughly understand me. 我这么远从维也纳来，为的是让你彻底了解我。 (2) so thatSo that we can arrive there on time, we should start off early. 为了按时赶到那里，我们必须早出发。Caspar wore a mask so that no one should recognize him. 卡斯帕戴了一个口罩，以至于没人能认出他。 (3) soIll show you so you can see how its done. 我将做给

19、你看，以便让你知道应怎样干。I packed him a little food so he wouldnt get hungry. 我包了一点食物给他，以免他挨饿。 (4) thatThey have died that liberty might live. 他们倒下了，为的是自由能长存。She wanted tea ready at six that she could be out by eight. 她要在6点钟把下午茶准备好，以便她8点钟能出去。 (5) lest，for fear和in case也可引起目的状语从句Ill be kind to her lest she decid

20、es to leave me. 我要好好待她，以免她决定离开我。Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关好，以防下雨。I shall sit up for a time, in case Im wanted. 我暂时不睡，以防需要我。注意这类从句有时可改为某种短语。如：Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 悄悄走进去，以免把宝宝吵醒。 The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 沿江筑了堤坝，以防有洪水。4. 引导结果状语从句的连词

21、 (1) so.thatIt was so dark that they couldnt see each others faces. 天是那样黑以至于他们看不见彼此的脸。So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day. 月亮是那样亮。花儿就像在白天那样鲜艳。相关试题解析When I got the news that the ship would sink, I was_fright-ened_my legs couldnt move forward.(中考题)A. so; that B. very; that C.

22、 too; that D. too; to 【选A】译文：当我听到那艘船要下沉的消息后非常害怕，以至于腿都不能向前迈了。 (2) such.thatIt gave him such a shock that his face turned white. 这使他那样震惊，以至于他的脸都变白了。His idea was such a good one that we all agreed to use it. 他的想法是那样好，我们都决定采用。注意在口语中常省略that。如：I am so busy I have no time to write a letter. 我是那样忙，以至没有时间写信。

23、There was such a draught, it is no wonder he caught a cold. 穿堂风这样厉害，难怪他感冒了。 (3) so that引导结果状语从句，表示“因此”。One of her lungs is infected a little so that she has to rest. 她的一叶肺有点感染，因此她得休息。My pencil fell under my desk, so that I couldnt see it. 我的铅笔掉到书桌下面了，因此我看不到它。 (4) so引导结果状语从句，表示“所以”“因此”。The play began

24、 at eight, so they must dine at seven. 戏8点开，所以他们必须在7点吃饭。You told me to do it (and) so I did it. 你让我这样做，因此我这样做了。注意so that还可用另一种方式引起结果状语从句。如： His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe. 他的心跳得如此厉害以至于都喘不过气了。Explain it so that a 10-year-old child could understand it. 解释成这样，使10岁的孩子都能听懂。 (5) otherwise，

25、or else，or，else引起的分句也表示一种结果。Give me back my money, otherwise Ill ring the police. 把钱还给我，否则我就给警察打电话了。Run or else youll be late. 快跑，要不你就会迟到了。Have a care what you say or you may regret it. 小心你说的话，否则你会后悔的。 Drink this; else you will be sick. 把这喝下，否则你会生病。5. 引导原因状语从句的连词 (1) becauseCheney distrusted me beca

26、use I was new. 切尼不信任我，因为我是新来的。You only do it because you have to. 你这样做是不得已。 (2) asAs all the seats were full, he stood up. 由于所有座位都有了人，他就站了起来。We dont know what to do as we are not his parents. 我们不知该怎么办，因为我们不是他的父母。 (3) sinceSince weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。Since you are going, I wil

27、l go too. 既然你去，我也去。 (4) seeing(that)，considering(that)，now that等词也可引起表示原因的从句Seeing(that) shes lawfully old enough to get married, I dont see how we could stop her. 既然她已到了法定结婚的年龄，我不知道我们怎样能阻止她。Considering hes only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well. 鉴于他才学了一年的英语，他英语讲得很好了。Now that you

28、have come, you may as well stay. 既然来了，你不妨留下。 (5) 常见的引导原因状语从句的形容词有：annoyedashamedcontentdelightedgladhurtpleased satisfiedsorrysurprised等Im glad youre back. 你回来了我很高兴。Im sorry I havent done as much as I should. 很抱歉，我做得很不够。6. 引导让步状语从句的连词引导让步状语从句的连词主要有although，though，even though / if，while等。如： (1) altho

29、ughThey are generous although they are poor. 尽管他们很穷却很大方。Although still young, he is going very grey. 尽管他还年轻，他的头发却已变得灰白了。 (2) thoughThe speech is good，though it could be better. 这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。相关试题解析Her grandparents are still in good health_they are over eighty.(中考题)A. though B. as soon as C. until

30、 D. because【选A】译文：尽管她祖父母都将近80岁了，但是他们的身体却还很硬朗。 (3) even thoughEven though its hard work, I enjoyed it. 虽然工作艰苦，我还是很喜欢。Ben went out, even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨，本还是出去了。 (4) even ifHe felt all this，even if he didnt find phrases to express it. 这一切他都感觉到了，尽管他找不出言语来表达。Theyll stand by you, even if you

31、dont succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。相关试题解析Allow children the space to voice their opinions,_they are different from your own.(高考题)A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as though【选B】从句与主句为让步关系，应由even if引导。until，unless，as though分别引导时间、条件、方式状语从句。 (5) whileWhile we dont agree, we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是

32、朋友。While I sympathize, I cant really do very much to help. 虽然我同情，我却不能帮什么忙。 (6) 让步状语从句也可以用as，however等词来引导。Much as he admired her looks and her manners, he had no wish to marry her. 虽说他很欣赏她的外貌和仪态，他却无心和她结婚。However much they may desire it, they cannot express the sympathetic feelings. 尽管他们非常想这样做，却无法表达他们

33、的同情。 (7) 由though，although等引导的状语从句可改为短语。The girl, though plain, had a good, kind face. 这姑娘虽说不漂亮，却有一张和蔼善良的脸。I went on talking, though continually interrupted by Dussel. 尽管不断被杜塞尔打断，但我还继续谈着。Ivan was very lovable although not very tidy. 伊凡很可爱，尽管不太整洁。7. 引导方式状语从句的连词引导方式状语从句的连词主要有as，like，as if，as though。如：

34、(1) asI have changed it as you suggest. 我按照你的建议作了改变。As you know, she wasnt much good at letter-writing. 正如你知道的，她不善于写信。 (2) likeDo it like he does. 像他那样做。Jerry doesnt speak French like I speak it. 杰瑞讲法语的方式和我的不一样。 (3) as ifI love you as if you were my son. 我爱你就像你是我的儿子一样。Grace looked a bit queer, as if

35、 she knew something. 格瑞丝显得有些古怪，仿佛她知道什么似的。 (4) as thoughJason paused as though he found a difficulty. 詹森停了停，仿佛他遇到什么困难似的。Hannah closed her eyes as though she were too tired. 汉娜闭上眼睛，好像她也累了似的。有些从句可以改为短语。如：The boy started as if awakened from some dream. 这男孩一惊，仿佛从梦中惊醒似的。When she had finished, she waited a

36、s though for a reply. 她讲完之后等了等，仿佛是在等候回答似的。8. 引导地点状语从句的连词引导地点状语从句的连词主要有where，wherever，everywhere。如：I live where there are mountains. 我住在多山的地方。I will find her wherever she may be. 不管她在哪里，我都要找到她。Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我到哪里，我都遇到同样的情况。9. 引导比较状语从句的连词引导比较状语从句的连词主要是than和as。如：It is easier

37、than I thought. 它比我想象的容易。I myself felt as badly as he did. 我自己也和他一样难受。They are as firm as one could expect. 他们就像大家期望的那样坚定。10. 引导其他从句的连词 (1) 引导名词性从句的连词主要有that，whether，if等。如：That Shelley became a poet may have been due to his mothers influence. 雪莱成为诗人可能是受他母亲的影响。Your greatest fault is that you are care

38、less. 你最大的缺点是粗心大意。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我很担心是否伤了她的感情。相关试题解析Do you know_well get there at 3：00 this afternoon?Im afraid well be late.(中考题)A. that B. how C. why D. whether 【选D】 译文：你觉得我们今天下午3点能不能到达那里呢？ 我觉得我们会迟到。 (2) whether有时可引导不定式短语。如：I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 我不知道应

39、该接受还是拒绝。I was wondering whether to stay here another week. 我不知是否该再待一礼拜。 (3) 引导定语从句的是关系代词及关系副词。如：I met a girl who knew your sister. 我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。This is the town where I was born. 这就是我出生的城镇。These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的原因。B.并列连词1. 表示并列 (1) 并列连词and和or可以连接分句。如：He gained a B in English

40、 and now he plans to study Spanish. 他英语得了一个B，现在打算去学西班牙语。Do you want a bath at once, or shall I have mine first? 是你马上洗澡还是我先洗？ (2) or连接两个并列的动词或其他单词。如：We will not pay ransom or do deals for hostages. 我们不付赎金，也不会救人质做交易。Are you going to water the garden before or after supper? 你打算在晚饭前还是晚饭后给花园浇水？ (3) and可连

41、接两个分句，表示“只要就”。如：Do that again and Ill call a policeman! 你要再这样，我就叫警察了。Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。 (4) or可引起分句，表示“否则”。如：Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 赶快，否则你上学就要迟到了。Now I must go or I shall be late for the birthday party. 现在我必须走了，否则我就会误了生日聚会。相关试题解析 1. They teach us Englis

42、h_we teach them Chinese, we help each other.(中考题)A. but B. and C. or D. as 【选B】译文：他们教我们英语，我们教他们汉语。我们互相帮助。 2. Stand over there_youll be able to see it better.(高考题)A. orB. whileC. but D. and 【选D】 “祈使句+and / then / or +陈述句”为口语常用句型。其中“祈使句+and / then”相当于if条件状语从句的肯定形式，“+or”相当于if条件状语从句的否定式。 3. Organisms re

43、gulate their movements_positions in response to environmental stimuli. (托福题)A. haveB. whereC. asD. and【选D】译文：生物体对环境刺激的反应是调节自身的动作和位置。 2. 表示转折but (1) but可以连接两个并列分句或并列成分。如：I ought to have helped her, but I never could. 我应当给她帮助的，却一直未能这样做。Nicholas no longer felt disappointed, but happy and hopeful. 尼古拉斯不

44、再感到沮丧，而是高兴，充满希望。Quickly but silently she darted out of the room. 她快速但悄悄地跑出屋去。 (2) but也可引起状语。如：Quentin tried to save it, but in vain. 昆廷试着拯救它，但没用。Rex worked hard but without any success. 雷克斯努力干却未取得成功。 (3) but 引起一个句子，表示对前面句子的转折。如：Roy made good promises but seldom kept them. 罗伊说得很好听，就是很少遵守诺言。相关试题解析 1.

45、Paul comes from Canada,_he can speak very good Chinese.(中考题)A. if B. so C. but D. because 【选C】 译文：保罗是加拿大人，但他会讲一口流利的汉语。 2. I dont think George really cares for TV plays._Right,_he still watches the programs.(高考题)A. andB. but C. or D. so【选B】从对话中可知，前后句中的意思发生了转折。 yet (1) yet可连接两个分句表示转折。如：Oscar said he w

46、as our friend, yet he wouldnt help us. 奥斯卡说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要试一试。 (2) yet可用于句首。如：Yet the house was cheerful. 但屋子里充满欢乐的气氛。Yet its population has doubled. 但它的人口翻了一番。 (3) yet可与and或but连用。如：Megans vain and foolish, and yet people like her. 梅甘很虚荣、愚蠢，但人们却喜欢她。Ka

47、ridas a funny girl, but yet you cant help liking her. 卡瑞达是一个奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住会喜欢她。相关试题解析Great Salt Lake is fed by fresh-water streams,_is about four to five times as salty as the ocean. (托福题)A. yetB. whichC. thereD. despite【选A】 译文：大盐湖是由一些淡水溪流来供水的，然而它却比海水咸大约4到5倍。however (1) 表示转折，通常插在句子中间，介于连词和副词之间。如：Christ

48、ine, however, was enjoying herself thoroughly. 而克里斯汀却玩得很高兴。Lorraine was not, however, aware of the circumstances. 不过罗琳对这情况不知情。 (2) however可放在句首或句尾。如：However, they did not seem to have much effect. 但它们似乎没有多少作用。You know all this as well as I do however. 不过这一切你和我都一样清楚。nevertheless (1) nevertheless为副词，表

49、示意思的转折，多放在分句或句子之首。如：Marcus was angry, nevertheless he listened to me. 马库斯很生气，不过他还是听我讲。Nevertheless, she decided to act. 尽管如此，她仍决定采取行动。 (2) 有时插在句中或放在句尾。如：What you said was true but it was nevertheless unkind. 你讲的是真实的，但仍然有些无情。Although hes a fool, I like him nevertheless. 虽说他很傻，但我仍然喜欢他。3. 表示因果 (1) for引

50、起的分句表示原因时，多数是对前面谈的情况加以解释，并用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，多用于书面语。如：Loren shook his head, for he thought differently. 劳伦摇了摇头，因为他有不同的想法。Amber was angry, for she didnt know French. 安伯很生气，因为她不懂法语。相关试题解析He found it increasingly difficult to read,_his eyesight was begin-ning to fail.(高考题)A. andB. for C. but D. or【选B】此处表示原因

51、，只有B项符合要求，for用作并列连词，补充说明事情的原因，但不一定是直接原因。 (2) so表示结果，可译为“因此，所以，于是”。如：She asked me to go, so I went. 她让我去，所以我就去了。Marcy told me to do it, so I did it. 马西让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。相关试题解析 1. Mr Brown knows little Japanese,_he cant understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.(中考题)A. so B. or C. but D. for

52、【选A】译文：布朗先生几乎不懂日语，所以并不能够理解药瓶上的说明。 2. The shop doesnt open until 11 a.m.,_it loses a lot of business.(高考题)A. for B. or C. but D. so【选D】根据句意“这个商店11点才开门”，可以推断它的生意会遭受很大损失，由此判定前后互为因果关系。 (3) therefore表示“因此”“所以”，多放在分句或句子之首。如：It rained；therefore the game was called off. 下雨了，因此比赛取消了。I think, therefore I am.

53、我思故我在。4. 其他并列连词其他并列连词有either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also，as well as，它们也起连词作用。如： (1) either.or主要连接两个并列成分，表示“或是”。如：We can either fly there or go by train. 我们可以坐飞机去，也可坐火车去。We can have either fish or beef. 我们可以吃鱼或是牛肉。相关试题解析Prof. Ward hardly ever went to_the theater. (高考题)A. neither the cinema norB. neither the cinema orC. either the cinema nor D. either the ci