初中英语词组与句型整理归纳

1、初中英语词组与句型整理归纳短语、词组归纳由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：一、动词+介词1look at看，look like 看上去像，look after照料2listen to听3welcome to欢迎到4say hello to向问好5speak to对说话此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如：This is my new bike. Please look it after.()This is my new bike. Please look after it.()二、动词+副词“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：

2、A动词（vt.）+副词1put on穿上2take off脱下3write down记下此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。试比较：First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. ()First listen to the answer, then write down it.()First listen to the answer, then write it down.()B动词（vi）+副词。1come on赶快2get up起床3

3、go home回家4come in进来5sit down坐下6stand up起立此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games介词短语聚焦“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。1in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿

4、着。如：in English，in the hat2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在排/队/班级/年级”等.3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间.4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”.5in the tree表示“在树上(非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如：There are somein the tree. There are many appleson the trees.6in th

5、e wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。如：Therere four windowsin the wall, and there is a mapon the back wall.7at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the.8at +时刻表示钟点。如：at six, at half , past ten.9like this/that表示方式，意为“像这/那样”.10of短语表示所属关系。如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China.11beh

6、ind/ beside/ near/ under+名词等，表示方位、处所。如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.12from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从”，后者意为“到”。如：from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work.另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike等。重点短语快速复习1.kinds of各种各样的2. either

7、or或者或者，不是就是3. neithernor既不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it中国清茶5. take a seat就坐6. home cooking家常做法7. be famous for因而著名8. on ones way to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在的尽头，在的末尾11. wait for等待12. in time及时13. make ones way to往（艰难地）走去14. just then正在那时15. first of all首先，第一16. go

8、 wrong走错路17. be/get lost迷路18. make a noise吵闹，喧哗19. get on上车20. get off下车21. stand in line站队22. waiting room候诊室，候车室23. at the head of在的前头24. laugh at嘲笑25. throw about乱丢，抛散26. in fact实际上27. at midnight在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb.和某人吵架30. take ones temperature给某人体温31. h

9、ave/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache头痛33. as soon as一就34. feel like doing sth.想要干某事35. stopfrom doing sth.阻止干某事36. fall asleep入睡37. again and again再三地，反复地38. wake up醒来，叫醒39. instead of代替40. look over检查41. take exercise运动42. had better(not) do sth.最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend在周末44. on time按时45. ou

10、t of从向外46. all by oneself独立，单独47. lots of=a lot of许多48. no longer/more=notany longer/more不再49. get back回来，取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away逃跑52. eat up吃光，吃完53. run after追赶54. take sth. with sb.某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care of=look after(well)（好好）照顾，照料56. think of考虑到，想起57. keep a diary坚持写日记58. leave

11、one by oneself把某人单独留下59. harder and harder越来越厉害60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）61. turn off关重点句型大回放1I think意为“我认为”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I dont think，如：I think hes Mr Zhinag. (L17)I dont think you are right.2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth.意为“把给”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb

12、.如：His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)3take sb./ sth. to意为“把(送)带到”，后常接地点，也可接人。如：Please take the new books to the classroom.4One, the other/One isand one is意为“一个是；另一个是”，必须是两者中。如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或One is red, the other is grey.

13、5Let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dont let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth.另外，Lets与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，如：Lets go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换。如：Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me

14、help you with it.7What about？/How about？意为“怎么样？”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如：What/How playing chess?8Its time to do/ Its time for sth.意为“该做的时间了”，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如：Its time to have supper. =Its time for supper.9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，如：Li Lei and h

15、is friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，试比较：Tom likesswimming, but doesnt liketo swimthis afternoon.10ask sb.(not) to do sth.意为“让某人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，如：Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do.意为“把某物给某人看”，该句型的用法同前

16、面第2点。如：Show your friend your family photo.（L36）/Show your family photo to your friend.12introduce sb. to sb.意为“把某人介绍给另一人”；introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。如：Introduce your family to her.重温重点句型1So + be助动词情牵动词主语前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒装结构，表示“另一人（物）也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用“Neither/ Nor + be助动词情态动词+主语”这种

17、倒装结构。例如：He likes playing basketball, and so do I.他喜欢打篮球，我也喜欢。Kate cant speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim凯特不会说汉语。吉姆也不会。注意：“So+主语+be助动词情态动词”这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的看法，表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”例如：一Basketball is very popular game in America篮球在美国是一项很受欢迎的运动。一So it is的确如此。2Turn rightleft at the firstsecondcrossin

18、g.这一指路的句型意为“在第一二个十字路口向右左拐。”相当于Take the firstsecondturning on therightleft.例如：一Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office？你能告诉我去最近的邮局的路吗？一Walk along this road，and turn left at the third crossing.沿着这条路走，在第三个路口向左拐。3It takes sbsome time to do sth此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语。

19、例如：It took me half an hour to finish the hard work完成这项艰巨的工作花了我半个小时。4thinkfind + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的it是形式宾语，不可用其它代词替代，形容词作宾语的补足语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的宾语。例如：I found it important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。5Whats wrong with？此句型相当于Whats the matter/ trouble with？后跟某物作宾语时，意为“某物出什么毛病了？”后跟某人作宾语时，意

20、为“某人怎么了？”例如：Whats wrong with your bike？你的自行车出什么毛病了？一Its broken它坏了。Whats wrong with you？你怎么了？一I have a pain in my head我头痛。6tooto在sothat复合句中，that后的句子是否定句时，常与简单句tooto（太而不能）进行句型转换。例如：He is so young to go to school（改为简单句）He is too young to go to school在sothat复合句中，that后的句子是肯定句时，常与简单句enough to进行句型转换。例如：Thi

21、s maths problem was so easy that we could work it out.（改为简单句）This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out.7Sorry to hear that.全句应为Im sorry to hear that.意为“听到此事我很难过（遗憾）。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。例如：My mother is ill, so I have to look after her at home.我母亲病了，因此我必须在家照看她。Sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过。重

22、点句型、词组大盘点1. She used to be a Chinese teacher.她过去是一位汉语老师。用法used to +动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。搭配used to do的否定式可以是usednt to do或didnt use to do.比较used to do sth.过去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；be used to do sth.被用来做某事。举例1) I used to read in bed.我过去总是躺在床上看书。2)Did he use to work into the n

23、ight?或Used he to work into the night?他以前总是工作到深夜吗？3)I am used to getting up early.我习惯早起。4)Knives are used to cut things.刀是用来削东西的。2.return it sooner or later.迟早要将它归还。用法l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。2)return此处用作及物动词，意为“归还”，相当于give back.拓展return还可用作不及物动词，意为“返回”，相当于go back或come back。举例l)He will find his s

24、hortcoming sooner or later.他迟早会发现他的缺点的。2)When will you return to your hometown?什么时候回老家？nbsp;3)I have returned the book to the library.我已经把书还给图书馆了。3.No matter what the weather is like无论天气用法no matter what相当于whatever，其意为“无论什么”，引导状语从句。拓展类似no matter what的表达方式还有：no matter when无论什么时候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matt

25、er where无论什么地方no matter who无论谁no matter how无论怎么样举例l)No matter what he does,nbsp; he always tries to do it well.无论做什么事，他总是力求做好。2)No matter what happens, I will take your side.无论发生什么事，我都将支持你。3)No matter who gives a talk, we shall listen carefully.无论谁做报告，我们都应当认真听。4)No matter how he goes to work, he is

26、never late.无论怎么样去上班，他从不迟到。4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。用法practise doing sth.表示“实践、练习（做）某事”。拓展practice名词，“实践”、“实施”、“练习”；put a plan into practice实行某计划。举例l)The boy practised making a new sound.那男孩练习发出新的声音。2)She practised the piano two hours every day.她每天练习两个小时的钢琴。3)We have laid the plan and now we must put it into practice.我们已经制订出计划，现在必须实施。5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。用法1)encourage用作动