(完整版)高一英语必修三第一单元重要知识点讲解

1、1Unit 1重要单词，词组讲解1. mean 的用法What do you mean to do with it? I didn mean to hurt you.1) mean to do 意欲做This means staying here longer.Missing the train means waiting foranother hour.2) mean doing 意味着做He is not meant for a teacher and will always be un happy in the school.Be meant for 适合做他说他不适合读书因为懒。He

2、says he_a stude nt for his laz in ess.这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Faili ng this exam_ano ther one.我并不是故意迟到的。I didn t_be late for school.2. celebrate vt.(1)庆祝；祝贺celebrateChristmas / one s birthday / a vi成功)赞扬；称颂The n ames of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.词语辨析： celebrate, con gratulatecelebrate 后常接日期，事情或

3、场合con gratulate 后常接人表示为某事而祝贺某人 con gratulate sb. on/upon sth.ex： congratulate you on your marriage.有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。ex： I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished.3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。词语辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, break out 的比较1) The wedding will take place

4、tomorrow.2) In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.take place 发生，举行；侧重安排或计划而发生的事，带有 非偶然”的意思3) What has happe ned to her 碰巧，恰好happen 发生”，普通用词，含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生，含 有偶然”的意味。当以具体事物、事件作主语时，happen 和 occur 可以换用；但当 happen 用作 碰巧”之意时，不能用 occur 代替，但可以与 come about 互换。24) It happe ned to rain that da

5、y.5) The traffic accide nt occurred on Wed nesday.occur 发生， 出现”，较正式用词， 指事情偶然地、 意外地发生或思想突然 浮在心头。 occurto 有“想起”的意思。6) The Seco nd World War broke out in 1939.break out 火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发7) How does it come about that you were caught by the police?come about 发生”,往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与 how 连用 与 happen 用法较接近用

6、take place , happen 和 come about 的正确形式填空1.The May 4th Movement_in 1919.2.If anything_ to the machi ne, let me know at on ce.3.The ope ning day of the play_tomorrow ni ght.4.Can you tell me how it_ ?4. starve: vt 使饿死vi.饿得要死 starve to deathbe starved of/ starve for: 渴望她很寂寞，渴望友谊： She is Ion ely, starv

7、ing for frie ndship.The motherless childre n were starved of/ were starvi ng for affect ion.渴望母爱 他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。They got lost in the desert and_ .They are_a sum of money to finish their work.n. starvati on饿死：die of _5. a year/ day of plenty 富裕/丰收的年月days/ years of ple nty-Have we got eno

8、ugh apples?-Yes, there are plenty in the basket.plenty of + 复数 n/ 不可数 nplenty of eggs/ food/milk足够的 6. honour1) 光荣，荣誉(n)They fight for the honour of the coun try.One must show honour to one ar6ntsp2) in honour of 为了纪念A festival is set in honour of the hero.3) an hou nour 光荣的人或事情Liu Xia ng is an hono

9、ur to our coun try.34) 尊敬，给以荣誉(v)Childre n should honour their pare nts.7. satisfy Vt. Vi.使满意，使满足Noth ing can satisfy him except the best.Some people are really hard to satisfy.sb.be satisfied with 对满意e.g. She ssatfefied with her new house. 令人满意的：satisfy ing, satisfactory满意：satisfaction8. please Vt

10、使愉快，取悅It is difficult to please everybody. Our aim is to pleasethe customers. pleased（人）高兴的愉快的Pleasing （物）令人愉快的pleasa nt （物）好听的，令人舒服的 pleasure 高兴的事情 听到她悦耳的声音我们很高兴.We are_ to hear her_voice. It is such a_ to us.I was very_ to hear the n ews.The n ews was very_ to us.9.harm n 损害，伤害e.g. He meant n ohar

11、m to you.（He didn t intend to hurt you.）do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sbThe eve nts has harmed the relati ons betwee n the two coun tries.10. They offer food, flowers and gift 词语辨析： offer, provide, supplyoffer 主动提供。offer sth to sb; offer sb sthprovide 供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。provide sth （for sb）; provide s

12、b with sth.supply:供应（所需要或所要求之物）。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sthWhen I meet difficulty, my roommates will_ me help.他们悬赏找回丢失的珠宝。They_ a reward for the retur n of the lost jewels.政府得提供这些老人们吃穿。The gover nment n eed to_these old people with food and clothes.每个月都得供应足够的电。Electricity should be_eno ugh

13、every mon th.11. in memory of = to the memory of sb4The museum was built in memory of the famous scie ntist. in honor ofin charge ofin search of sb. / sth.12.dress up 盛装打扮，化装打扮You don t have doess up Come as you are.Childre n love dress ing upin Hallowee n.dress on eself 给某人自己穿衣dress sb 给某人穿衣服你认识穿着白

14、色裙子的那个女孩吗？Do you know the girl who is dressed in a white skirt?Do you know the girl who is wearing a white skirt?Do you know the girl who has on a white skirt? 选词填空： wear dress have on put on1. My daughter is now able to_herself.2. Mr. Wu always _a blue coat in Win ter.3. Xiao Wang_a white shirt tod

15、ay.4.1 like to _my hat whe n I go out in Win ter.13. awardn.奖品，奖项，奖金，助学金She showed us theiwards she had won.Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.vt.授予裁定award sb sth= award sth to sbThe judgesawarded both teams equal poin ts. reward 回报,报酬他因为努力学习而受奖。他用 100 块钱酬谢这个工人。He_for study ing hard.

16、He_ the worker with 100 yuan.14. admire sb/sth (for)钦佩，羡慕They admired our garde n.I admire him for his success in bus in ess.我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。We all_his courage and bravery.admirati on 名词admirable 形容词15. look forward to(介词)+ n/ v-i ng 盼望，期待I m looking forward to his coming.以下短语中的 to 也为介词，后面加 doing，而不是 d

17、opay attention to 注意devote to 致力于prefer to 更加喜欢get dow n to 开始做be used to 习惯于5-ward 向着方向backward 向后 forward 向前16. as though= as if 好像，仿佛1.虚拟语气（从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态.）He behavedas if/ though nothing had happened.He talks as if/though he knew everythi ng.He looks as if he were ill.2.陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用

18、陈述语气,）It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.1. ）他向我招手好像有事情告诉我。He waved to me as if to tell me someth ing.2. ）这女孩环顾四周好像在找什么东西。The girl looked around as if in search of someth ing.3. ）他说起来好像他是一个专家似的。He talks as if he_ an expert.4. ）他英语讲得很流利，就像在英国学的一样。He spoke English so fluently as if he _ it in

19、England.5. ）看起来我们对要赢了。It looks as if our team_.17. turn up1） appear 出现，露面他到目前还没有出现。He_so far.你总是迟到！（做事慢慢吞吞的）You re always_ late for everything!2） 调大声音，把开大点儿请把火调大一点。Please_the fire.相关短语：turn dow n 关小，拒绝turn off关掉turn on打开turn out结果是turn to sb. for help 向某人求助18. keep one s wor 守信用,遵守诺言break one s word

20、 违背诺言in a word 简言之in other words换句话说have a word with sb.与某人交谈6have words with sb. （about sth.） 关于某事与某人争吵我想和你谈一下。I d like to_ with you.A gen tlema n should always _ his _.A. keeps; wordB. keep; wordC. keeps; wordsD. keep; words19. hold one s breath 屏息当那个女孩看到那条蛇的时候，她屏住呼吸。The girl_at the sight of the s

21、n ake.take breath 呼吸lose one s breath=_bet of breath喘不过气来breathe v. breath n.Whe n we got to the top of the mountain, we were n early_? A. un der our breathB. lost our breath? C. caught our breathD. out of breath20. apologize 道歉apologize to sb for (doing) sth=say sorry to sb for doing sth你必须为你的粗鲁行为向

22、老师道歉。You must apologize_the teacher_ being so rude.apology n.make an apologyJo sb for (do ing) sth.21. drown (drowned, drowned 浸、泡,淹没，淹死 洪水淹没了街道和房子。The floods_ the streets and houses.借消愁drown one s sorrow/sadness in drown one s sorrow/sadness in coffeeFrank tried to save thegirl in the river, but un

23、fortunately he wasA. drow ned; drow ningC. drow ned; drow nedB. drow ning; drow ned D. drow ning; drow ning22.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.obvious adj.明显的，清楚的 It + be + obvious +that-clauseIt was obvious that she was in dan ger.23. wipe (wiped,

24、wiped)7Vt 擦，擦去? wipe off 抹掉，擦掉? wipe up 擦干净，歼灭The stude nts on duty_the blackboard duri ng break.A. Wiped the words offB. washedC. Clea nedD. A and Cclea n the blackboardwipe the words off the blackboard24. remi nd sb. of sth 提醒某人某事remi nd sb. to do sthremi nd sb. that 1) 他提醒我那个承诺。 He rem in ded me

25、of my promise.2) 他提醒我要早起。He remi nded me to get up early.3) 他提醒我本应该小心点。 He rem in ded that I should have bee n more careful.25. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought.set off:动身，出发;(侧重去某一个地方)；使(地雷、炸弹)爆炸；Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.The bomb set off among the crowd.相关短语：set about

26、 doing sth.= set out to do sth 着手(做某事)26.用 custom, practice 禾口 habit1) I have the_of getting up early.2)It is the_ for the Japa nese to take off their shoes whe n they get intoa hall.3)Social_differ from country to coun try.4)_He makes aof cheati ng at exam in ati ons.5)_We should pay whe n we impor

27、t from abroad.#.custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。#.practice 习俗，惯例；与 custom 近义，但含贬义。 make a practice of 惯常做某事。#.habit 生活习惯，后接 of doing,不可接不定式。选词填空：worldwide/ permissi on/ apologize/ drow n/sad ness/ wipe/weep / forgive/ obvious/ turn up/keep one s word/ hold one s breath/ set off/ remindof 1) You should

28、n t tell such_ lies.2) They entered the area without_ .3) The poor man is_ his sorrows.4) His fame is_85) The man should_ to you for knocking you down.6) He can _t_ himself for not seeing his mother before she died.7）_ He is always waiting for something to.8）_ The children arfireworksin the garden.9

29、）_ You maydepend on what he says, for he is a person who always_ .10）The race was so close that every onewasat the fini sh.11）_ The film_ himwhat he had seen in China.选用下列单词的正确形式填空：an cestor belief gather agricultural admireaward starve mean1.She has been a_a scholarship to study at Harvard.2. The a

30、_ of whom I am proudest is my great gran dfather.3. Whe n a boy leaves college and beg ins to earn mon ey, he can live a life ofi_.4. Dark clouds were g_ in the sky. Heavy rain would come soon.5. I like to take some e_exercise at weeke nds.6. A_in this country has developed greatly after liberati on

31、.用下列短语造句：in memory ofdress upas ifplay a trick onlook forward today and ni ghthave fun with1. A celebratio n was held_（为了纪念这位著名的作家）.2. Childre n love_打扮）.3. The n aughty stude nts_ 正在和他们的老师玩恶作剧）.4. I am_盼望着见到他 ）.5.The three men took turnsdriv ingthe truck, and_他们夜以继日地驾驶了三天）.6. It looks_ 好像他们都很着急）.7.

32、 At the Spring Festival in China, people love to get together to eat, drink and彼此都玩得很开心）.语法：情态动词情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, n eed, dare, used to, ought to. 情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词不能单独做谓语，除 ought 和 have 外，后面只能接不带 to 的不定 式。92） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can、will 也有一般式 和过去式

33、的变化。3） 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动 词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。can, could 和 be able to 的用法1. ca n, be able to 都可表示“能力”Can 的主语是人或物,be able to 的主语是人She can/be able to sing the song in En glish.This machine can make you feel comfortable.2. can 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to 可以用于各种时态。 we II be

34、 able tcfinishthe work soon.I haven t been able see the film.could 用于表示泛指过去的能力。如：I could read whe n I was four.Although the soldier was badly woun ded, he was able to tell what had happe ned.She ran fast but shecouldn t /wasn t atatetothe bus.3. 表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用 was/were able to 不能用 could。

35、He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.He was able to swim halfway before he got tired.4. could 不表示时态，表示委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用 could）。Could I have a look at your notebook?Yes, you can ./No, you cant.5. 表示“惊异，怀疑，不相信”的态度（主要用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中）Can this n ews be true?How can you be so foolish?It can b

36、te Mary. She has fallen ill.6.表示推测，译为“可能、或许” ，can 常用于否定句（意思是不可能已经）和疑 问句；could 除用于否定句及疑问句外，还可用于肯定句（意思是那时可能；本来可 以）。Linda didn t catch the train. Soidd have caught it.Dont worry. They could have just forgotten to phone.may 和 might1. may和might用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求，肯定回答用may否定用mustnt-May I useyour pen cil?-Yes,

37、you may./ No, you mustn.t2. may 和 might 表示“可能性”，may/might + v 指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。might 暗示的可能性更小Joh n might be at home now.3 对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用may/might have done 用 might 比用 may的可能性更小She may/might have gone to the cinema.They may/might not have received our telephone.not be work ing now.104.may 放在句首祈使句，表

38、示祝愿。May you succeed! May God bless you!Will 和 wouldl.will 和 would 表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称If you will help me with my English, I will be very happy.I promised that I would do my best.2.在疑问句中,will 用于第二人称，表示请求或征求意见，would 则语气更委婉Will you tell him the n ews as soon as he comes bac？Would you please speak again mor

39、e slowly shall should 和 ought to1. shall 用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。You shall do as I say.（命令）Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. （允诺）Nothing shall stop me doing it.（决心）2. 在疑问句中，用于第一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。Shall I open the window for you? （征求意见）Shall he fetch some water for you （请求）3. should 常表示劝告、建

40、议、命令，与 ought to 意义相近，但 ought to 多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should 代替 ought to。Young people shouldlear nhow to use computers.Every citizen ought to obey law.You ought not to go.4. should/ought to have done 表示责备或批评，意为“本应该做到 但没有做到”， 用于否定则表示“本不该 但” ought to 的语气更强烈.You should/ought to have told her the truth

41、earlier.Sheshouldn t have leftthout saying a word.must_和 have to1. Must 用于一般问句中，肯定回答用 must 否定式用 need n或 do n t havet 做“不 必”，mustn 表示“禁止，不允许”Must I finish all assignments at a time?Yes, you must.No, you neednt.You mustn get down while the car is still moving.2. 表示“必须”这个意思时，must 和 have to 稍有区别。must 着重说明主观看法， have to强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。Idon t like this TV set. We must buy a new one.There was no more bus. They had to walk home.3. must 表示对某人某事的猜测， 作“准是”，“一定”，一般