2021届高考英语二轮创新复习专题四第三节基础保分四构词法学案含解析

1、基础保分四构词法授课提示：对应学生用书第51页正确运用构词法知识，是词汇学习的重要途径，同时也是扩大词汇量的一个重要方法。英语中构词法主要分为派生法、转化法和合成法。牢固掌握并熟练运用构词法知识，不仅有助于提高考生对阅读中的生词进行辨识的能力，而且使其更加灵活地应对语法填空和短文改错对于词性转换的考查。语法填空中的构词法高考这样考1(2020高考全国卷)filled with _(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.2(2019高考浙江卷)other american studies showed no _(connect)between

2、uniforms and school performance.3(2018高考全国卷)to avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to _(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.题目这么解根据语境及空格在句中作的成分判断词的正确形式1在形容词、形容词性物主代词或冠词(形容词)、介词之后要用名词(如t1)；2暗含比较的概念或有比较级结构要用比较级；3no后加名词表示“没”(如t2)，加doing表示禁止；4修饰动词、形

3、容词、副词或整个句子要用副词；5作谓语时用动词形式(en、ize前后缀构成动词)，不定式后面需用动词形式(如t3)；6表达否定意思时，需加相应的表示否定的前后缀。自我诊断：1.curiosity2.connection3.strengthen类题对点练1(2019高考浙江卷)school uniforms are traditional(tradition)in britain，but some schools are starting to get rid of them.2(2019高考北京卷)no matter what you like to do，there is a way to

4、get involved in various activities(activity)on earth day.3(2017高考全国卷)the central london railway was one of the most successful(success)of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.4(2017高考浙江卷)but something made her look closer，and she noticed a shiny/shining(shine)object.短文改错中的构词法高考这样考1(2019高考全国卷)i sto

5、pped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground._2(2019高考全国卷)then，when i was in the five grade，i wanted to be a teacher because i liked my english teacher very much._3(2018高考全国卷)immediate，i raised my hand._4(2017高考全国卷)beside，they often get some useful information from the internet._题目这么解1注

6、意区分一些易混的词类，如名词后可加上y构成形容词，thirstthirsty，tastetasty，sunsunny，juicejuicy，healthhealthy。但注意honesty，difficulty，safety是由形容词honest，difficult，safe加上y/ty构成的名词；2若动词原形、形容词、副词位于主语或宾语的位置，则错误；3定语从句、同位语从句前面的词通常为名词，如果是其他词性，则错误；4注意形容词和副词的修饰范围(如t3)；5注意基数词与序数词的混用(如t2)；6注意形相近，性/意不同的易错词，如hard 努力地/hardly几乎不，beside prep.在

7、旁边/besides prep.除之外(还有)(如t1，t4)。自我诊断：1.hardlyhard2.fivefifth3immediateimmediately4.besidebesides类题对点练1instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady.答案：instead，he hopes that his business will grow .2reading more can broad our horizons and make our life colorful.答案：reading more can our horizons

8、and make our life colorful.3though he was willing to wait with patient until his mom was back on june 15th，the stores staff decided to do something extremely thoughtful after they noticed leons note.答案：though he was willing to wait with until his mom was back on june 15th，the stores staff decided to

9、 do something extremely thoughtful after they noticed leons note.构词法的核心知识提炼一、形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧encedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点kin

10、dkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意darkdarkness 黑暗thstrongstrength 力气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情truetruth 真实widewidth 宽度ytyitydifficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；残疾responsibleresponsibility 责任二、动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapproveapproval arrivearrivalsurvivesurvivalproposepropos

11、al赞成；批准到来；到达幸存提议；建议anceappearappearance guideguidanceperformperformance出现；外貌指引；指导表演；节目enceexistexistence preferpreferencereferreference存在；生存偏爱参考；查阅ionattractattraction constructconstructioneducateeducationevaluateevaluationgraduategraduation吸引建设教育评估毕业ationexpectexpectation explainexplanationconsider

12、considerationimagineimaginationstarvestarvationinviteinvitation期待；期望解释考虑想象力挨饿邀请；请柬(s)siondiscussdiscussion decidedecisionadmitadmission讨论；辩论决定接纳；准许入学inghearhearing beginbeginning听力；听觉开始mentachieveachievement argueargumenttreattreatmentequipequipment功绩；成就辩论；论据对待；治疗设备urefailfailure presspressure失败；没做到

13、(应做之事)压力turemixmixture departdeparture混合；混合物离开；出发yrecoverrecovery discoverdiscovery恢复；痊愈发现其他growgrowth choosechoicevaryvarietytendtendency成长；发展选择多样化；种类趋向；趋势三、动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable comfortcomfortablefashionfashionablesuitsuitablereasonreasonable可接受的舒适的时髦的合适的有道理的al musicmusical originor

14、iginalpersonpersonalcentercentralnaturenaturalformformalnationnational音乐的最初的个人的；私人的中央的；中心的自然的；天生的正式的全国的fuldoubtdoubtful forgetforgetfulharmharmfulhopehopefulpeacepeacefulcarecarefuluseusefulhelphelpful怀疑的健忘的有害的有希望的和平的细心的有用的有帮助的edscarescared confuseconfusedpuzzlepuzzledworryworriedboreboredexciteexci

15、tedunderlineunderlined感到恐惧的感到困惑的迷惑的担心的感到厌倦的激动的；兴奋的加下划线的ingsurprisesurprising convinceconvincingsatisfysatisfyingworryworryingboreboring令人惊讶的令人信服的令人满意的令人担心的令人厌烦的ibleaccessaccessible horrorhorribleterrorterrible容易到达的；容易取得的可怕的；恐怖的可怕的iveactactive effecteffectiveattractattractiveimpressimpressiveinstruct

16、instructiveexpenseexpensive积极的；活跃的有效的；生效的有吸引力的给人深刻印象的有教育意义的昂贵的ouscontinuecontinuous anxietyanxiouscautioncautiouscuriositycurioushumorhumorous不断的；持续的忧虑的十分小心的；谨慎的好奇的幽默的sometiretiresome troubletroublesome令人厌倦的麻烦的ytastetastyhealthhealthywealthwealthydirtdirtyrainrainysunsunnycloudcloudy美味的；可口的健康的富裕的；丰富

17、的有灰尘的；脏的有雨的阳光明媚的多云的，阴天的erneasteasternwestwestern东方的；向东的西方的；向西的ishchildchildishfoolfoolishselfselfish孩子气的愚蠢的；可笑的自私的icsciencescientificeconomyeconomichistoryhistoric科学的经济的历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary想象中的续表四、表示“人”的名词后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成表示具有某种职业或动作的人的名词。常见的表示“人”的名词的后缀有：后缀例词ercleancleaner reportreporterstr

18、angestranger清洁工记者陌生人orinventinventor visitvisitordirectdirector发明家游客导演arlieliar begbeggar说谎者乞讨者，乞丐eeemployemployee interviewintervieweetraintrainee雇员参加面试者受训者，学员esshosthostess actactress女主人女演员ianmusicmusician politicspoliticianhistoryhistorian音乐家政治家历史学家istartartist sciencescientistpianopianist艺术家科学家钢

19、琴家antserveservant participateparticipantassistassistant仆人参加者助手；助理；助教五、表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀disagreedisagree advantagedisadvantageappeardisappearcomfortdiscomforthonestdishonest不同意缺点消失不舒适的不诚实的illegalillegal logicalillogical不合法的不合逻辑的impoliteimpolite patientimpatientmoralimmoral无礼的不耐烦的不道德的informalinf

20、ormal convenientinconvenientdirectindirect非正式的不方便的间接的irregularirregular responsibleirresponsible不规则的不负责任的misleadmislead understandmisunderstand误导误解unusualunusual willingunwillinghappyunhappyknownunknown不寻常的不愿意的不高兴的不出名的后缀lesshopehopeless endendlesscarecarelesshelphelplessuseuseless绝望的没完没了的粗心的无助的无用的六、

21、变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀enableenable largeenlargerichenrichdangerendangercourageencourage使能够扩大使充实；使丰富危及鼓励后缀enbroadbroadenriperipensharpsharpenwidewidenshortshortendeepdeependarkdarkenhardharden使变宽使成熟使尖锐加宽变短加深使变暗使变硬后缀ifyclassclassify justjustifysimplesimplifybeautybeautify把分类证明正确简化美化izeapologyapologize emph

22、asisemphasizememorymemorizerealrealize道歉强调记住意识到；实现授课提示：对应学生用书第54页.单句语法填空1it looked like i was healthy(health)；however，i was not.2currently(current)，the chinese government and the wwf are doing all that is possible to save the giant panda.3so the advice is that if you dont struggle with your sleep，yo

23、u can nap regularly (regular)then naps are just fine.4i disagreed(agree)with what he said，because the case was not that.5bringing together western medicine and tcm，rather than being in competition (compete)，is where the potential for great effects lies.6compared with the traditional trade mode，they

24、dont have to spend money in renting a house.however，there are still some disadvantages(advantage)to online shopping.7three factors have greatly contributed to the growth(grow)：the depth of the story，traditional chinese elements and emotions of the characters.8when his mom couldnt afford to buy him a

25、 toy panda he badly wanted，he wrote a pitiful note on the toys box begging other shoppers(shop)not to buy it.9various(vary)cheers started to resound through the school，wave after wave.“believe in yourself！you deserve to win！”10although these ads seem unusual(usual)to us now，perhaps future generation

26、s may consider some of todays ads to be just strange.单句改错1to my happy，she could cook some delicious food for me.答案：to my ，she could cook some delicious food for me.2in keeping a diary in english，we certainly run up against many difficult.答案：in keeping a diary in english，we certainly run up against m

27、any.3having passed the final exams，i am busy planning a twoweeks trip to the uk during this winter holiday.答案：having passed the final exams，i am busy planning a trip to the uk during this winter holiday.4recently，a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the great wall.答案：rece

28、ntly，a famous basketball player has caused public by writing on the great wall.5besides，people should use natural resources more effect.答案：besides，people should use natural resources more .语法填空(2020河北高三六校联考)as is known to all，practical exercises using textbooks and classroom materials are valuable 1

29、._ it comes to language learning.for me，however，if language learning is fun and 2._(access)，it will keep up my motivation.ive found enjoyable ways of connecting language learning 3._my everyday life.first，4._(change)the language of your smartphone to your target language.by changing the language of

30、your smartphone，you will increase 5._(expose)to many different words and phrases in your target language，many of them easily 6._(add)to your vocabulary.besides，listening to music is workable.you can find lyrics(歌词)online and write them down 7._(learn)them off by heart，which will help not only with v

31、ocabulary but also with grammar as you will begin to notice sentence patterns.finally，8._(simple)reading short stories makes you feel as if you have accomplished something.for those of you who are ready to move on to 9._advanced levels than the beginner level，you could even try to find books you 10.

32、_(read)in your mother tongue，because you already know the storyline.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中介绍了三种不用课本和课堂材料就能学习语言的方式。1解析：考查固定句式。when it comes to.是固定句式，表示“当涉及”。答案：when2解析：考查词性转换。本空所填词在从句中作表语，与fun“有趣的”并列用来说明language learning的特征，故填形容词accessible。答案：accessible3解析：考查介词。“我”找到了把语言学习与“我”的日常生活联系起来的有趣的方式。connect.with

33、.表示“把和联系起来”。答案：with4解析：考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，本句没有主语，因此是一个祈使句，祈使句要用动词原形开头，故填change。答案：change5解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的will increase和空后的介词to可知，本空要填名词作increase的宾语，故填exposure，exposure是不可数名词，在此为“接触”的意思。答案：exposure6解析：考查独立主格结构。分析句子结构可知，many of them.vocabulary前的句子有谓语动词，两个句子之间没有连词，由此可以判断，many of them.vocabulary是独立主格结构，them指

34、代主句中的words and phrases，add与many of them是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词。答案：added7解析：考查非谓语动词。由句意可知，找歌词并写下歌词的目的是把这些歌词记住，故此处用不定式作目的状语。答案：to learn8解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，该空修饰动名词短语reading short stories，故用副词形式。答案：simply9解析：考查比较级。根据后面表示比较含义的than the beginner level可知，这里指提升到更高的水平，应用advanced“高级的，高等的”的比较级形式more advanced。故填more。答案：more10解析：考查时态。根据下文的“because you already know the storyline”可知，此处强调已经完成的动作对现在的影响，表示