2021届高考英语二轮专题训练高考精品真题重组练四课件

1、高考精品真题重组练 四限时40分钟. 阅读理解阅读理解passage 1(2020全国全国卷卷d)we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. as scientists look deeper into our genes (基因基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. people in ethiopian highla

2、nds have adapted to living at high altitudes. cattle-raising people in east africa and northern europe have gained a mutation (突突变变) that helps them digest milk as adults. on thursday in an article published in cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food, but t

3、o the ocean. a group of sea-dwelling people in southeast asia have evolved into better divers. the bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in indonesia, malaysia and the philippines. they have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses

4、on stilts (支柱支柱) in coastal waters. “they are simply a stranger to the land, ” said redney c. jubilado, a university of hawaii researcher who studies the bajau. dr. jubilado first met the bajau while growing up on samal island in thephilippines. they made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesti

5、ng shellfish. “we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders, ” dr. jubilado said. “i could see them actually walking under the sea. ” in 2015, melissa ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the university of copenhagen, heard about the bajau. she wond

6、ered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population, ” said dr. ilardo. she also said there were likely a numberof other genes that help the bajau d

7、ive. 【文章大意】【文章大意】该篇文章介绍了研究人员发现为适应海洋生活而进化成更好的该篇文章介绍了研究人员发现为适应海洋生活而进化成更好的潜水者的巴瑶人以及他们的生活方式等。潜水者的巴瑶人以及他们的生活方式等。1. what does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?a. environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. b. new knowledge of human evolution. c. recent findings of human origin. d.

8、 significance of food selection. 【解析】【解析】选选b。推理判断题。根据第一段。推理判断题。根据第一段as scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. 可知可知, 下面的例子都是为了进一步说明研究者在更深入地研究下面的例子都是为了进一步说明研究者在更深入地研究我们的基因我们的基因, 发现了过去几千年人类进化的现象。故选发现了过去几千年人类进化的现象。故选b。2. w

9、here do the bajau build their houses?a. in valleys. b. near rivers. c. on the beach. d. off the coast. 【解析】【解析】选选d。细节理解题。根据第二段中。细节理解题。根据第二段中they have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts in coastal waters. 可知可知, 他们把房子建在沿海水域的支柱上。故选他们把房子建在沿海水域的支柱上。故选d。

10、3. why was the young jubilado astonished at the bajau?a. they could walk on stilts all day. b. they had a superb way of fishing. c. they could stay long underwater. d. they lived on both land and water. 【解析】【解析】选选c。细节理解题。根据第三段中。细节理解题。根据第三段中we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longe

11、r than us local islanders可知可知, 他惊奇的原因是巴他惊奇的原因是巴瑶人能在水下待很长的时间。瑶人能在水下待很长的时间。amazed与与astonished同义同义, 意为意为“惊奇的惊奇的”。故选。故选c。4. what can be a suitable title for the text?a. bodies remodeled for a life at seab. highlanders survival skillsc. basic methods of genetic researchd. the worlds best divers【解析】【解析】选选

12、a。主旨大意题。根据文章第二段。主旨大意题。根据文章第二段on thursday in an article published in cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food, but to the ocean. a group of sea-dwelling people in southeast asia have evolved into better divers. 可知可知, 巴瑶人为适应海洋生活而巴瑶人为适应海洋生活而进化成更好的潜水者进化成更好的潜水者,

13、故本文主要介绍了适应海洋生活的身体。故本文主要介绍了适应海洋生活的身体。passage 2(全国乙卷全国乙卷d)a build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. developed by two doctors in the u. s. department of agriculture, its an excellent water collector. unfo

14、rtunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. the only components required, though, are a sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch thewater. these pie

15、ces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. to construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. place your cup in the deepest part of the

16、hole. then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole. next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. the plastic shouldnow

17、form a cone(圆锥体圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. the low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. the solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. ground water evaporates (蒸发蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of wa

18、ter form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. when the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 【文章大意】【文章大意】在很难得到水的地方在很难得到水的地方, 怎样自制蒸馏器来获得饮用水怎样自制蒸馏器来获得饮用水?本文就告本文就告诉了读者制作它的方法。诉了读者制作它的方法。5. wh

19、at do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?a. its delicate. b. its expensive. c. its complex. d. its portable. 【解析】【解析】选选d。推理判断题。根据第一段的。推理判断题。根据第一段的these pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. 可知可知, 这个设备是易携带的。由此可这个设备是易携带的。由此可知选知选d。d项中项中por

20、table表示表示“便携的便携的”。6. what does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?a. the tube. b. the still. c. the hole. d. the cup. 【解析】【解析】选选b。词义猜测题。此处指在潮湿的地方挖一个洞。词义猜测题。此处指在潮湿的地方挖一个洞, 目的是让蒸馏器目的是让蒸馏器蒸馏出更多的水。所以蒸馏出更多的水。所以the water catcher指指the still。故选。故选b。7. what is the last step of

21、constructing a working solar still?a. dig a hole of a certain size. b. put the cup in place. c. weight the sheets center down. d. cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 【解析】【解析】选选c。细节理解题。根据第三段的。细节理解题。根据第三段的next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and w

22、eighting the sheets center down with a rock. 可知可知, 自制蒸馏器最后一步是在塑料纸的中间自制蒸馏器最后一步是在塑料纸的中间放上一块石头让塑料纸的中心降下来。故选放上一块石头让塑料纸的中心降下来。故选c。8. when a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from_. a. the plastic tubeb. outside the holec. the open aird. beneath the sheet【解析】【解析】选选d。细节理解题。根据最后一段的。细节理解题。根

23、据最后一段的ground water evaporates and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. 可知可知, 地表水蒸发地表水蒸发, 在塑料纸上形成水滴在塑料纸上形成水滴, 然后水滴到然后水滴到下面的杯子里。故选下面的杯子里。故选d。. 完形填空完形填空(2019全国卷全国卷) the small town of rjukan in norway is situated between several mountai

24、ns and does not get direct sunlight from late september to mid-march 1 six months out of the year. “of course, we2 it when the sun is shining, ”says karin ro, who works for the towns tourism office. “we see the sky is 3, but down in the valleyits darker its like on a 4 day. ” but that 5 when a syste

25、m of high-tech 6 was introduced to reflectsunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰山峰)into the valley below. wednesday, residents(居民居民)of rjukan 7 their very first ray of winter sunshine: a row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8. the mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them

26、 to turn along with the sun throughout the 10 and to close during windy weather. they reflect a concentrated beam(束束)of light onto the towns central 11, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. when the light 12, rjukan residents gathered together. “people have been 13 there and stand

27、ing there and taking 14 of each other, ” ro says. “the town square was totally 15. i think almost all the people in the town were there. ”the 3, 500 residents cannot all 16 the sunshine at the same time. 17, the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 18 residents. “its not very 19, ” sh

28、e says, “but it is enough when we are 20. ” 【文章大意】【文章大意】本文为说明文本文为说明文, 主要介绍挪威小镇利用高科技反射太阳光主要介绍挪威小镇利用高科技反射太阳光, 解决解决冬季小镇山谷没有阳光的问题。冬季小镇山谷没有阳光的问题。1. a. only b. obviously c. nearly d. precisely【解析】【解析】选选c。逻辑推理题。根据上文。逻辑推理题。根据上文“does not get direct sunlight from late september to mid-march”可知可知, 小镇在九月末到来年三月中

29、旬没有直接的阳光小镇在九月末到来年三月中旬没有直接的阳光, 一共近一共近(nearly)六个月。六个月。only只有只有; obviously明显地明显地; precisely精确地。精确地。2. a. fearb. believec. heard. notice【解析】【解析】选选d。逻辑推理题。根据下文。逻辑推理题。根据下文“when the sun is shining”可知太阳照射可知太阳照射时时, 当地人可以注意到当地人可以注意到(notice)有太阳。有太阳。fear害怕害怕; believe相信相信; hear听到。听到。3. a. emptyb. bluec. highd. w

30、ide【解析】【解析】选选b。逻辑推理题。本句是。逻辑推理题。本句是ro介绍当地没有阳光的情况介绍当地没有阳光的情况, 根据后文根据后文“down in the valley its darker” 山谷下面更黑山谷下面更黑, 可知当有太阳时可知当有太阳时, 当地的天是当地的天是蓝的蓝的(blue)。empty空的空的; high高的高的; wide宽的。宽的。4. a. cloudyb. normalc. differentd. warm【解析】【解析】选选a。逻辑推理题。根据前文。逻辑推理题。根据前文“down in the valley its darker” 山谷下山谷下面更黑面更黑,

31、 可知山谷里天色更暗可知山谷里天色更暗, 像是阴天像是阴天(cloudy)。normal正常的正常的; different不不同的同的; warm温暖的。温暖的。5. a. helpedb. changedc. happenedd. mattered【解析】【解析】选选b。逻辑推理题。根据后文。逻辑推理题。根据后文“when a system of high-tech _was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks into the valley below”可可知当一个高科技系统将阳光从邻近的山峰反射进入山谷时知当一个高科

32、技系统将阳光从邻近的山峰反射进入山谷时, 情况发生了改变情况发生了改变(changed)。help帮助帮助; happen发生发生; matter有关系。有关系。 6. a. computersb. telescopesc. mirrorsd. cameras【解析】【解析】选选c。逻辑推理题。根据后文。逻辑推理题。根据后文“the mirrors are controlled by a computer” 镜子是由电脑控制的镜子是由电脑控制的, 可知这个系统是用镜子可知这个系统是用镜子(mirrors)反射阳光。反射阳光。computer计算机计算机; telescope望远镜望远镜; ca

33、mera照相机。照相机。7. a. rememberedb. forecastedc. receivedd. imagined【解析】【解析】选选c。逻辑推理题。根据后文。逻辑推理题。根据后文“very first ray of winter sunshine” 冬天冬天的第一缕阳光的第一缕阳光, 可知当地居民收到可知当地居民收到(received)冬天的第一缕阳光。冬天的第一缕阳光。remember记记住住; forecast预测预测; imagine想象。想象。8. a. repairb. riskc. restd. use【解析】【解析】选选d。逻辑推理题。根据前文。逻辑推理题。根据前文

34、“a row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to” 可知在附近的山坡上安装的一排反射板投入使用可知在附近的山坡上安装的一排反射板投入使用(use)。put to use固定搭配固定搭配, 意为意为“使用使用, 利用利用”。repair修理修理; risk冒险冒险; rest休休息。息。9. a. forbidsb. directsc. predictsd. follows【解析】【解析】选选b。逻辑推理题。根据后文。逻辑推理题。根据后文“to turn along with the sun” 随着太阳随着太阳转动转

35、动, 可知电脑指挥可知电脑指挥(directs)镜子随着太阳转动。镜子随着太阳转动。forbid禁止禁止; predict预测预测; follow跟随。跟随。10. a. dayb. nightc. monthd. year【解析】【解析】选选a。逻辑推理题。根据前文。逻辑推理题。根据前文“turn along with the sun” 随着太阳转随着太阳转动动, 和后文和后文“to close during windy weather”在有风的天气关闭在有风的天气关闭, 可知系统在白天可知系统在白天(day)天气良好的情况下运转。天气良好的情况下运转。night夜晚夜晚; month月月;

36、 year年。年。11. a. libraryb. hallc. squared. street【解析】【解析】选选c。词汇复现题。根据后文。词汇复现题。根据后文“the town square was . . . ”可知应用可知应用“square(广场广场)”。 library图书馆图书馆; hall大厅大厅; street街道。街道。12. a. appearedb. returnedc. fadedd. stopped【解析】【解析】选选a。逻辑推理题。根据后文。逻辑推理题。根据后文“rjukan residents gathered together” rjukan居民聚集在一起居民聚

37、集在一起, 可知阳光出现可知阳光出现(appeared)时时, 居民聚在有阳光的地居民聚在有阳光的地方。方。return返回返回; fade褪色褪色; stop停止。停止。13. a. drivingb. hidingc. campingd. sitting【解析】【解析】选选d。逻辑推理题。根据后文。逻辑推理题。根据后文“standing there and taking _of each other” 站在那里站在那里, 互相拍照互相拍照, 可知居民们聚在广场坐可知居民们聚在广场坐(sitting)或站在那里。或站在那里。drive驾驶驾驶; hide隐藏隐藏; camp野营。野营。 14

38、. a. picturesb. notesc. cared. hold【解析】【解析】选选a。逻辑推理题。根据前文。逻辑推理题。根据前文“taking”, 可知可知pictures相片相片, 符合题符合题意。意。take pictures拍照。拍照。note笔记笔记; care照顾照顾; hold抓住。抓住。15. a. newb. fullc. flatd. silent【解析】【解析】选选b。逻辑推理题。根据后文。逻辑推理题。根据后文“i think almost all the people in the town were there. ” 我想镇上几乎所有的人都在那里我想镇上几乎所有

39、的人都在那里, 可知广场已满可知广场已满(full), 全都全都是人。是人。new新的新的; flat平的平的; silent沉默的。沉默的。16. a. blockb. avoidc. enjoyd. store【解析】【解析】选选c。逻辑推理题。根据后文。逻辑推理题。根据后文“at the same time”同时同时, 可知所有居民可知所有居民不能同时享受不能同时享受(enjoy)阳光。阳光。block阻碍阻碍; avoid避免避免; store储存。储存。17. a. insteadb. howeverc. graduallyd. similarly【解析】【解析】选选b。逻辑推理题。

40、根据前文。逻辑推理题。根据前文“cannot all _the sunshine at the same time” 和后文和后文“the new light feels like more than enough” 之间是转折关系之间是转折关系, 故故however但是但是, 符合题意。符合题意。instead相反相反; gradually逐渐地逐渐地; similarly类似类似地。地。 18. a. nature-lovingb. energy-savingc. weather-beatend. sun-starved【解析】【解析】选选d。逻辑推理题。根据前文。逻辑推理题。根据前文“t

41、he new light feels like more than enough” 可知渴望阳光的可知渴望阳光的(sun-starved)居民很满意。居民很满意。nature-loving热爱自然的热爱自然的; energy-saving节约能源的节约能源的; weather-beaten饱经风霜的。饱经风霜的。19. a. bigb. clearc. coldd. easy【解析】【解析】选选a。逻辑推理题。根据前文。逻辑推理题。根据前文“the 3, 500 residents cannot all _the sunshine at the same time. ” 所有居民不能同时享受阳

42、光所有居民不能同时享受阳光, 可知阳光可知阳光照射的地方不太大照射的地方不太大(big)。clear清楚的清楚的; cold冷的冷的; easy容易的。容易的。 20. a. tryingb. waitingc. watchingd. sharing【解析】【解析】选选d。逻辑推理题。根据前文。逻辑推理题。根据前文“but it is enough”它是足够的它是足够的, 可知阳可知阳光照射的广场虽然不大光照射的广场虽然不大, 但居民们分享但居民们分享(sharing)也是足够的。也是足够的。. 语法填空语法填空(2019全国卷全国卷) the polar bear is found in t

43、he arctic circle and some big land masses as far south as newfoundland. while they are rare north of 88, there is evidence 1. _ they range all the way across the arctic, and as far south as james bay in canada. it is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has

44、 been 2. _ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20, 000-25, 000 polar bears worldwide. modern methods 3. _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 4. _ (perform) consistently over a large area. in recent years some inuit people i