介词及介词短语

1、语法 介词 Preposition第一节 介词及其功能介词_在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。请思考介词短语在以下句中充当的成分1. The book on the table is mine. （ ）2. We have breakfast at seven. （ ）3. They started the machine by pressing the button. （ ）4. My dictionary is in the bag. （ ） 5. I found him in the office

2、. （ ）第二节 介词的种类将以下介词与种类配对1. 简单介词 A. inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, within2. 合成介词 B. considering(就而论), including3. 短语介词（复合介词） C. like, unlike, near, next4. 双重介词 D. about, after, at, in ,on, during, below5. 分词转化的介词 E. in between, till after6. 形容词转化的介词 F. according to, because of, instead of,

3、thanks to第三节 常见介词及其固定搭配介词短语互译谈论关于话题 _ be about to _为而战 _ leave for _ 对某人来说做某事是的 _永远 _ 例如 _ 到为止 _总计 _ 总之 _ 今后 _ 轮流 _ 按的速度 _ 同时 _ 根本 _出售 _ 失火 _ 出差 _ 故意地 _幸亏 _ 让某人吃惊的是 _ 收到来信 _愿意效劳 _ 充满 _ 与不同 _第四节 常用介词区别1表示时间的at, in, on：填空并总结_ 8 oclock; _ sunrise; _ the morning/ afternoon / evening _ the weekend; _ Chr

4、istmas ；_ April; _ dawn ； _ the third week _ Christmas morning _ daybreak; _ noon; _ spring _ night; _ midnight ; _ 1986 总结：_2表示时间的since和from：填空并总结I hope to do morning exercise _ today. We have not seen each other _ 1995.总结：_3. 表示时间的in和after：填空并总结1.Well be back_ three days. 2._ seven, the rain began

5、 to fall. 3._ two months he returned.总结：_4. 表示地点时 at, in, on :My uncle lives _ 116 Changhe Street. His room is _ the sixth floor.A. at; on B. to; at C. on; in D. of; to总结：_5. 表示方位的over, on ,above：填空并总结1. There is a bridge _ the river. 2. The plane flies _ the clouds.3. There is a book _ the desk.总结：

6、_6. 表方位的介词in, on, to, off:Guangdong lies _ the south of China and Fujian is _ the east of it. Hainan is _ the coast of the mainland.A. in; in; on B. in; on; off C. on; to; on D. in; to; away总结：_7. 表之间的between, among：填空并总结You are to sit _ your father and me. He is always happy _ his classmates.总结：_8.

7、 介词at、to表方向试比较翻译下列句子： A. Jack ran at John. _ B. Jack ran to John. _- 总结：_9. 介词across, through, along, 填空并总结The sun light went _ the windows.The traffic lights turn green, lets go _ the road.You can go _ this street, the Post Office is on the same side.总结：_10. 表示价格,比率,标准,速度的介词at ,for, by 填空并总结We are

8、flying _ a speed of 400kms/hr.I bought these books _ 5 dollars each.I bought these books _ 30 dollars.He is paid _ the week.Eggs are sold _ the dozen.总结： at 表示价值，价格, 比率或速度, 表单价. for 表示交换, 指总价钱 by 表示度量单位或标准. 后接表计量单位的名词一般是单数,前面需加定冠词the. 数词或复数名词前不加. 11. 表示除- 之外的介词 except, besides, except for, but填空并总结_

9、 basketball, I like playing Pingpang.You have no choice _ work hard.Li Long is a good student _ his laziness. 总结：_12. 介词in, with, by的区别填空并总结Can you say it _ English?I write _ a pen.I learned English _ reading a lot.总结：_介词及介词短语练习1. （2014安徽卷）31What we expect from you is working hard hardly working.A.

10、less than B. rather than C. as well as D. as much as【答案】B 【解析】介词动词less than少于；rather than而不是；as well as和同也并；as much as多达；句义：我们对你的期待是努力工作而不是几乎不工作。根据句义说明B正确。2.（2014北京卷）23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour. A. byB. in C. forD. until【答案】B【解析】本题的关键是the train to th

11、e airport leaves火车将要离开；在这句话里使用了一般现在时代替将来时，表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。实际上本句是一个将来时，四个选项里只有“in+一段时间”可以和将来时连用。句意：Jane很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。故B正确。3.（2014大纲卷）29. September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill.A. by B. for C. with D. in 【答案】A【解析】介词by到时为止；通过；for为了，因为；with和；in在里面；句义：你必须在9月30日这一天之前付账单的。根据句义可知本句中的

12、by表示到时为止。故A正确。4.（2014福建卷）22. Our club is open to everyone _ age, sex or educational background. A. due to B. except for C. along with D. regardless of【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是介词短语辨析。Due to由于，因为；except for除之外（强调整体与局部的关系）；along with和一起；regardless of不管不顾（侧重于不考虑，不关注）；句义：不管年龄，性别或教育程度，我们俱乐部向所有人开放。根据句义可知D项符合上下文语境。5.

13、（2014湖北卷）30. Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables _ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.A. in demand B. in store C. on loan D. on sale【答案】B【解析】本题主要考察的是介词短语辨析。A需要；B储存，将要发生；C借用，借贷；D廉价出售；句意：检查一下我们存储的胡萝卜，土豆，洋葱和其他的蔬菜，立刻把那些有腐烂迹象的用掉或者扔掉。根据句意可知是检查存储好的蔬菜。故B正确

14、。【举一反三】When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have for her, but now all her worries are gone.A.in need B.in time C.in preparation D.in store答案D解析in need需要；in time及时；in preparation准备；in store贮藏着；储备着, 由句意可知D项正确。6.（2014江苏卷）24. Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he u

15、sually does push-ups too to stay_.A. in placeB. in orderC. in shapeD. in fashion【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是与介词in有关的短语辨析。in place有序，在适当的位置；in order井井有条；in shape健康的，状态良好的；in fashion流行的，时尚的；句意：为了保持健康，每天早晨Tom总去慢跑，也经常做引体向上。根据句意可知Tom锻炼的目的是为了保持健康。故C正确。7.（2014江西卷）25. Starting your own business could be a way to achievi

16、ng financial independence ._, it could just put you in debt.A. In other words B. All in all C. As a result D. On the other hand【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是介词短语辨析。A换句话说；B总得说来；C结果是；D另一方面；句义：自己做生意也许是获得经济独立的一个很好的方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债。根据句义说明这是一件事情的两个方面，所以D项符合上下文串联。【举一反三】I would like a job which pays more, butI enjoy the w

17、ork Im doing at the moment.A.in other wordsB.on the other handC.for one thing D.as a matter of fact 答案B 解析in other words换句话说；on the other hand另一方面；for one thing一则, 常与for another thing连用；as a matter of fact=in fact事实上。根据句意, B项正确。8.（2014江西卷）33. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life _hi

18、s great wealth .A. without B. despite C. in D. to 【答案】B 【解析】without没有，要不是；despite尽管，不管；in在里面；在上等；句义：真是难以相信啊！尽管Lucas先生有很多钱，但他还过着如此简单的生活。根据句义说明上下文之间存在这转折关系，选项中只有B项与之相符。故B正确。9.（2014陕西卷）14. The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.A. by B. of C. in D. with【答案

19、】D 【解析】本题中的with表示有，佩戴；其余三个介词都没有这个用法。句义：能够长着蓝眼睛的苏格拉女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛里得到了第一名。故D正确。10.（2014天津卷）6. _ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.A. In reply to B. In addition to C. In charge of D. In place of【答案】B【解析】本题的四个介词短语都很重要。In reply to作为的回复；in addition to除之外（包括在内

20、）；in charge of负责；in place of代替；句义：除了学校，村子里还有诊所，诊所也是在政府的支持下建成的。也就是说学校和诊所都是政府支持建设成功的。故B正确。11.（2014浙江卷 ）10. While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _ . A. in return B. in common C. in turn D. in place【答案】A【解析】介词短语in return作为回

21、报，后面常常接介词for；in common与相似；in turn依次，轮流；反过来；in place恰当，在合适的地方。句意：当他住在那个村子里的时候，James无私地和村民们分享他拥有的一切，不要去得到任何回报。根据句意说明A正确。12.（2014浙江卷 ）12. Facing up to your problem _ running away from them is the best approach to working things out. A. more than B. rather than C. along with D. or rather【答案】B【解析】介词短语mor

22、e than超过，不仅仅，非常；rather than代替，而不是；along with和一起；or tather更准确地说；句意：面对你的问题而不是逃避是解决这些问题最好的方法。根据句意可知B项符合上下文含义。13（2014浙江卷 ）17. People wont pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying _ expression. A. from B. over C. with D. for【答案】D【解析】本句考察的是固定搭配cry for.迫切需要，本句中的动词短语cry f

23、or expressing与前面的名词a lot of ideas of their own表示主动关系，所有使用现在分词短语做定语。句意：如果人们有很多迫切需要表达的观点的时候，他们是不会注意到你的。故D正确。14.（2014浙江卷 ）18. Theres no reason to be disappointed. _, this could be rather amusing. A. Above all B. As a result C. In addition D. As a matter of fact【考点】考察介词短语词义辨析【答案】D【解析】介词短语above all首先，最重要

24、的是；as a result结果；in addition另外，而且；as a matter of fact实际上；句意：没有让人失望的理由，实际上这件事情很让人高兴。根据句意可知上下文之间暗含的转折关系，而D项as a matter of fact“实际上”暗含的就是转折关系。故D项正确。1.(2013课标卷I)34.It was a real race time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.A. overB. byC. for D. against【答案】D【解析】考查介词。over在的上方；在期间，遍及；by靠近；通过，经由；f

25、or（表示对象、用途等）给，对，供，为了，关于；against逆，对抗，反对，与相反；根据句意“完成该项目就是真正意义上的与时间对抗的一次赛跑，值得庆幸的是，我们成功地做到了。”选D项。2.(2013课标卷II)11 A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.A. against B. before C. beyond D. without【答案】D 【解析】考查介词。句意：不掌握一定的数学知识是没有办法对物理学进行系统地研究的。A项表示反对，靠着，反衬，B项表示在前，C项表示超过，越过，在远处

26、，均不符合语境，只有D项没有符合句意。3.(2013北京卷)26.I have an appointment Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.A. toB. offC. withD. from【答案】A【解析】考查介词。have an appointment with与某人预约。句意：我预约了史密斯大夫，但是我现在需要改变一下这个预约。4.(2013上海卷)25. Im looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas? How about the Moon Lake? It is _ ea

27、sy reach of the city. A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语。within reach of在附近，在够得着的地方；beyond reach of够不着，达不到，超出的范围。上文中的“a nearby place”说明要在附近找，故选C项。句意：我正在附近找一个度假的地方，你有没有好主意？ 月亮湖怎么样？就在这座城市附近。5.(2013安徽卷)31.If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed. ,they will

28、 learn to take care of themselves. A. On the contrary B. In a word C. That is to say D. Whats more【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。上下文为递进关系。上下文不是说的相反的意思，也不是相同的意思，下文更不是对上文的总结。故排除A（相反）、B（总之一句话）、C（也就是说）选项。句意：如果家长让孩子帮助做家务，那么孩子就会觉得他需要这么做。而且他们（在做家务的过程中）也会学会照顾自己。6.(2013福建卷)29.Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,

29、 as her children are always _ whenever she tries to.A. in the way B. on watch C. in sight D. on the line 【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。A项“挡道，妨碍”，B项“值班，监视”，C项“在视线中，被看见”，D项“在线上”。根据句意“史密斯太太发现想收拾一下那些乱七八糟的东西都有困难，因为每当她想要做的时候她的那些孩子总是碍手碍脚的”选A项。7.(2013湖北卷)30.An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern

30、island discovered _ a long lost antique Greek vase. A. at random B. by chanceC. in turn D. on occasion【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A. at random 胡乱地，随意地；B. by chance 偶然，意外地；C. in turn 轮流，依次；D. on occasion有时，偶尔。句意：一位最近乘摆渡去南方小岛旅行的艺术家偶然发现了一件丢失很久的古董一只希腊花瓶。8.(2013江苏卷)26.I am always delighted when I receive an email

31、 from you. the party on July 1 st I shall be pleased to attend .A. On account of B. In response toC. In view of D. With regard to【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。A项“因为，由于”，B项“对做出反应”，C项“考虑到，鉴于”，D项“就而言，关于”。根据句意“收到你的电子邮件我总是很高兴。关于7月1日的聚会，我会非常高兴参加的。”答案选D。9.(2013辽宁卷)25. _everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back

32、to your country.A. By means of B. On behalf ofC. In search ofD. For fear of【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语。A项“通过方式”；B项“代表”；C项“寻找”；D项“以免，害怕”。根据句意，“我代表这儿的所有人”可知答案为B。句意：我代表这儿的所有人祝你回国旅途愉快。10.(2013山东卷)34.The Smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children. A. from B. by C. at D. for 【答案】D【解析】考查介词。介词for的意思：因为。

33、句意：史密斯一家因抚养孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。11.(2013陕西卷)24.The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will_.A. in particular B .in turn C. in charge D. in time 【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语。in particular 特别；in turn 反过来；in charge 负责，主管；in time及时，迟早；句意：经理想看看公司的变化，我敢肯定总有一天他会看到的。12.(2013浙江卷)14.It will be a big help

34、 if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. _, Ill set the table.A. As a result B. On the whole C. In the meanwhile D. As a matter of fact【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语。A项“因此”； B项“总的来说”； C项“与此同时”； D项“事实上”；根据句意，选C。句意：你去商店买我们午宴所需要的东西，对我来说就是最大的帮忙。此同时我来摆放餐桌。1(2012安徽高考)You can change your job, you can move

35、 house, but friendship is meant to be _life. AofBon CtoDfor解析：句意：你可以换工作，搬家，但是友谊应该是终生的。for life“一辈子，终生”，符合题意。答案：D2(2012北京高考)Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?AatBon CtoDacross解析：句意：“你认为这件衬衣的肩宽是不是有点紧？”across“横跨，在(身体某部位)上”。答案：D3(2012福建高考)Nothing is so easy as _ parents to raise their

36、 expectations of their children too high.AofBto CbyDfor解析：表示“对某人来说”应用介词for。答案：D4(2012辽宁高考)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the lake.AtoBfor CoffDout解析：句意：威尔酒店坐落于湖的彼岸远离干路的一个僻静之处。此处off表示“离开，在之外”。答案：C5(2012浙江高考)_all the animals Ive ever had，these two dogs are the

37、 most sensitive to the spoken word.AFromBOf CForDWith解析：句意：在我养过的所有动物中，这两只狗是对口头语言最为敏感的。of在此处表示范围，意为“在之中”。答案：B6(2012全国)100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.AforBat ConDof解析：由于本句中的which指代上文的100，表示“在多少度”应用介词at。故选B项。答案：B7(2012福建高考)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _ all its

38、citizens.Ain charge of Bfor the purpose of Cin honor ofDfor the benefit of解析：in charge of意为“掌管，负责”；for the purpose of意为“为了的目的”；in honor of意为“向表示敬意，为纪念”；for the benefit of意为“为了的利益”。句意：为了全体公民的利益，中国一直推行公立医院的改革。故选D项。答案：D8(2012湖北高考)The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern hous

39、es and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home.Aout of questionBout of order Cout of sightDout of place解析：句意：这些家具有着现代的式样和明亮的颜色，适合现代的房子和庭院，但在一个传统的家庭庭院里看起来就不合适了。out of question“毫无疑问”；out of order“有毛病，出故障”；out of sight“看不见的”；out of place“不合适，不协调”。答案：D9(2012江苏高考)Thank God youre sa

40、fe!I stepped back, just _ to avoid the racing car.Ain timeBin case Cin needDin vain解析：in time意为“及时，终于”；in case意为“以防，万一”；in need意为“需要”；in vain意为“徒劳，无益地”。句意：感谢上帝，你没事。我往后退了退，刚好及时地避开了赛车。答案：A10(2012江西高考)He seems to be giving the impression that he didnt enjoy himself in Paris. _，he had a wonderful time.A

41、Above all BWhats more CAs a resultDOn the contrary解析：句意：他似乎给人的印象是在巴黎玩得不开心，(事实)恰恰相反，他玩得非常尽兴。above all首先，最重要的是；whats more而且；as a result因此，所以；on the contrary(与此)相反，正相反。答案：D11(2012浙江高考)Brown said he was by no means annoyed; _， he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.Aall in all Bfor on

42、e thing Con the contraryDby the way解析：句意：布朗说他一点儿也不恼火，相反，他很高兴能够让别人清楚地理解他的想法。all in all“总而言之，总的说来”；for one thing“首先，一则”；on the contrary“(与此)相反，正相反”；by the way“顺便说说，顺便提起”。答案：C12(2012上海高考)_passion, people wont have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.AForBWithout CBeneathDBy解析：with

43、out passion 没有热情。答案：B13(2012陕西高考)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.AagainstBfor CtoDwith解析：句意：达成协议似乎是不可能的因为委员会的大部分人都反对。against这里的意思是“反对，不赞成”。against 还有“逆着；依着；靠着；在的衬托下”的含义。for “同意，支持”。答案：A14(2011浙江高考)I always wanted to do the job which Id been

44、trained _.AonBfor CbyDof解析：句意：我一直想干我为之接受过培训的工作。be trained for sth.“为接受培训”。其他三项不符合题目要求。答案：B15(2011福建高考)_ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.AFar fromBApart from CInstead ofDRegardless of解析：句意：除了好的服务外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。far from 离远；远非；apart from 除之外(还)；ins

45、tead of 代替，而不是；regardless of 不管。由句意可知B项正确。答案：B16(2011天津高考)He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.AbelowBof Con Dabove解析：below average 在平均水平以下；on average 平均来说；above average 在平均水平以上。由 he was a good student 可知D项正确。句意：他是一个好学生，大部分科目得分都在平均水平以上。答案：D17(2011安徽高考)Sometimes proper answers

46、are not far to seek _ food safety problems.AinBto Con Dafter解析：句意：有时，关于食品安全问题的答案不难找到。介词短语 to food safety problems 修饰 answers。answer 常与介词 to 搭配，意为“的答案”答案：B18(2011重庆高考)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library.AinBfor CbyDfrom解析：句意：雪莉，一个真正的图书爱好者，经常从图书馆往家带书看。bring s

47、th. from sp.“从某个地方带”，符合句意。故D项正确。答案：D19(2011湖北高考)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _younger men.Ain terms ofBin need of Cin favour ofDin praise of解析：本题考查介词短语。句意：当被问起对于校长的看法时，许多老师更愿意校长给年轻点的人让位。in favour of 意为“支持，有利于”，同 step aside 搭配起来意为“给让位”。答案：C20(2011山东高考)Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy _ the past couple of weeks.AbeyondBwith CamongDover解析：句意：对不起，我没给你打电话，但是在过去的几周里我一直很忙。beyond 超过，超出；在(向)的那一边；with 与，和；具有；among 在之间；over