宾语从句与表语从句

1、年 级高一学 科英语版 本人教实验版内容标题必修 3 Unit3 The Million Pound Bank Note宾语从句与表语从句编稿老师林静【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：名词性从句宾语从句与表语从句二. 知识精讲在复合句中起名词性作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，因此名词从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。（一）宾语从句1. 概念及引导词在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词有连接代词（who, whom, whose , what , w

2、hich, whoever , whatever, whichever ） 、连接副词(when , where , how, why )及从属连词(that , whether, if ).例：John said （that） he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就起什么名字。That depends on

3、 where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。2. 宾语从句的种类常见的宾语从句有动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句三种。（1）动词的宾语从句They know that the habit may kill them.定语从句 他们知道这个习惯会害死他们。They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. 他们怀疑Jack是否是一个好学生。They wanted to see which shops offered the best advice and service定语从句. 他们想了解哪家店提出的建议和提供的服

4、务最好。（2）介词的宾语从句一般情况下介词后只能接wh- 类连接词引导的宾语从句，但but, except, besides等后可接that引导的宾语从句。We are talking about what well do next.我们正在讨论下一步做什么。I know nothing about him except that he lives here.对于他，我只知道他住在这儿， 其他一无所知。He differs from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同学们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用

5、在读书上了。（3）形容词的宾语从句sure, certain , pleased , happy , afraid , surprised, sorry 等表示情感的形容词后可接宾语从句。Im not sure whether they will agree to such a plan.我不确定他们是否同意这样一个计划。I m afraid that you have been given the wrong address.恐怕给你的地址不对。3. 宾语从句应注意的问题。（1）宾语从句中whether和if可互换，但作介词宾语或句中有or not时，用whether.I am not su

6、re whether /if he will come.=I am not sure whether he will come or not .我拿不准他是否会来这儿。It depends on whether you can do the work well.这取决于你能否把工作做好。（2）it 作形式宾语在宾语从句中，it通常作形式宾语， 而把真正的宾语放到句末。这种用法通常有两种情况：find, consider, think, feel , believe , make 等动词后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。I have made it clear that

7、I will not accept the job.我已表明我不会接受这份工作。He feels it his duty that he should serve the people heart and soul.他觉得全心全意为人民服务是他的职责。有些动词或短语如enjoy, love , like , hate, appreciate , take , see to , insist on , depend / rely on 等接宾语从句时， 习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。You may depend on it(形式宾语) that I shall always help you.你

8、可以信赖的是我会一直帮助你。I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand.如果你能帮我一把，我会很感激（你的）。I hate it when people ask me for money.我不喜欢别人向我借钱。（3）否定前置在由I / We think (consider, suppose(猜想) , believe , expect , guess, imagine)等引导的从句里，如果含有否定含义， 往往把否定词由从句转移到主句， 构成否定前置。I dont(否定前置)think he can finish the work on t

9、ime.我认为他无法按时完成工作。I dont suppose he cares, does he?我想他不在意，是吗？（4）宾语从句的语序宾语从句中的语序要用陈述语序。They couldnt understand why I turned down his invitation.他们不理解我为什么拒绝了他的邀请。He asked what was the matter with my computer.他问我电脑出什么故障了。（5）宾语从句的时态如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时态，从句中的谓语动词不受主句谓语动词时态的影响，可以根据需要使用任何时态。如果主句的时态是过去时态，从句一般应与主句的

10、时态保持一致，但从句表示的是真理或客观事实时，从句的时态要用一般现在时态。He says he is going to swim with his friend tomorrow.他说他打算明天和朋友去游泳。The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老师问学生们在干什么。Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。（6）宾语从句中that的省略在that引导的宾语从句中， that无任何意义， 不充当任何成分， 常省略。Make su

11、re that all the lights are turned off before you leave.你走前务必关掉所有的灯。但在下列情况中that一般不省略：动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略， 其余的that一般都不能省略。I believe that you have done your best and that things will improve.我相信你已经尽力了，一切都会好起来的。主句的谓语和that之间有插入语时，that不能省略。He announced, believe it or not, that he would nev

12、er forgive her.他宣布，信不信由你，他绝不会原谅她。作介词的宾语时，that不可省略。Your composition is well written except that there are a few spelling mistakes.你的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。it作形式宾语，宾语补足语之后有that引导的宾语从句时， that不可省略。We think it highly probable that he is dead.我们认为他很有可能死了。（7）在动词insist， suggest， demand， order， propose 等后的宾语从句要用虚拟

13、语气，其结构为（should）+ 动词原形。He suggested the meeting be put off.他建议会议延期。I demand that one of you should go there at once.我要求你们中有一人立即到那里去。即学即用：1. We are wonderingour teacher will come to the party or not.AifBthatCwhyDwhether2. Do you remember _he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. i

14、f 3. He said _he had eaten nothing for a long time and _he was very hungry. A. that ; / B. / ; that C. / ; / D. what ; what 4. We can not figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A. that B. as C. why D. when5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astron

15、auts desire to do is walking in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how6. The way he did it was different we were used to.A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which7. The poor young man is ready to accept _help he can get. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever 8. As soon as he comes b

16、ack , I will tell him when _and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 9. We havent settled the question of _it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. if B. whether C. where D. that 10. The soldiers soon reached _was once an old temple _the villagers used as a school.

17、 A. where; what B. what ; which C. where ; which D. that ; where 11. Mother asked me.Awhat was wrong with me Bwhats wrong with meCwhat wrong was with me Dwhat wrong is with me12. He madequite clear that he wouldnt change his mind.AthisBthatCitDwhat（二）表语从句1概念与引导词 在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于主句中的系动词后。引导表语从

18、句的连接词有：that, whether, as, as if/though, who, whom, whose , which, whoever, whichever, where, when, howThe problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking.问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。The question is how we can do the job better.问题是我们怎样才能将这项工作做得更好。What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomo

19、rrow morning.他想知道的是我们明天上午能否完成工作。2表语从句中需要注意的问题（1）在表语从句中that仅起连接作用， 无意义，在句中不作任何成分， 通常不能省略。The trouble is that we are short of funds.困难是我们资金短缺。The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。（2）引导表语从句时， whether不能用if替换。The problem is whether the book will be published.问题是这本书是否会出版。3. 从属连词as i

20、f / though ; because 引导的表语从句从属连词as if / though 引导的表语从句常置于look， seem， sound等系动词后面，常用虚拟语气， 也可用陈述语气。而because引导的表语从句通常只用于This / That / It is / was because 结构中。It seemed as if the rain would never stop.看起来雨要下个没完了。The little boy talked as if he were an adult.这个小男孩讲起话来像个大人似的。I think it is because he was to

21、o careless.我想这是因为他太粗心了。4. 主语是表示建议、计划、要求、命令（suggestion, advice, order, request, proposal , plan ，idea）等的名词时， 其后的表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形， should可省略。My suggestion is that we should start off at once.我的建议是我们应当立刻动身。My proposal is that we should think it over before accepting it.我的提议是在接受之前我们应当仔细考虑。5. 在Th

22、ats why句型中， why引导的是表语从句， 而在The reason whyis/was that 句型中，why引导的是定语从句， that引导的是表语从句， 表示“原因是”. Thats why I want you to work there.那就是我为什么想让你去那儿工作的原因。The reason why I was late for the meeting was that my car broke down on the way.我（昨天）开会迟到的原因是我的车在路上抛锚了。即学即用：1. The reason _ he didnt come to our party wa

23、s _ he took a missing boy back home on his way.A. whybecause B. whythat C. thatwhyD. thatthat2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and thats _ I disagree. A. where B. why C. what D. how 3. The trouble is _we are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why4. I had neither a raincoat nor

24、an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how 5. What the doctors really doubt is_ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. why 6. What surprises us most is _she doesnt even know _the difference between the two opin

25、ions lies. A. what; where B. what; what C. that ; where D. that ; what7. I rang you at about nine, but there was no reply. Oh, that was probably _ I was seeing the doctor.A. why B. when C. what D. that 8. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off ?A. why B. when C

26、. what D. where9. I felt sick!I think it is _ you are doing too much. A. why B. when C. what D. because 10. _your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are12. America was _was first called “India” by Columbu

27、s.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where【典型例题】1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for BeijingAhow Bwhom Cwhere Dwhich2. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better.A. when B. how C. why D. if3.

28、Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decision marriage almost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what4. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever5. The little girl who got lost decided t

29、o remain _she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who6. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of _ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how7. I wonder _ youll water this kind of flower. Every other day.A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. h

30、ow much8. As his best friend , I can make accurate guesses about _he will do or think. A. what B. whichC. whomD. that9. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.A. what B. that C. which D. one10. The companies are working together

31、 to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who11. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 12. The howTo book can be of help to wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no mat

32、ter who D. whoever预习导学-Unit 4 Astronomy : the science of the stars重点单词system n. 系统；体系；制度religion n. 宗教； 宗教信仰theory n.学说； 理论globe n.球体； 地球仪； 地球violent adj. 猛烈的，激烈的atmosphere n.大气层； 气氛 unlike prep. 不同； 不像fundamental adj.基本的；基础的harmful adj. 有害的，伤害的chain n.链子；连锁；锁链oxygen n. 氧exist vi. 存在；生存thus adv. 因此；

33、于是puzzle n. 谜；难题 vi.& vt. （使） 迷惑； （使） 为难biology n. 生物学biologist n. 生物学家gentle adj. 温和的； 文雅的physicist n. 物理学家climate n. 气候crash vi. & vt. 碰撞； 坠落pull n. & vt. 拉； 拖； 牵引力float vi. & vt. （使） 浮动； （使） 漂浮n. 漂浮物重点短语in time 及时；最终；迟早in one s turn 轮到某人；接着prevent.from 使不做某事；阻止做某事cheer up 感到高兴，感到振奋now that 既然，由于d

34、epend on 依赖，依靠break out (灾难、战争等)突发；爆发watch out 密切注视；当心；提防重（难）点句型1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion yeas ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.句型结构分析。2. It exploded loud

35、ly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere. be + to do 结构3. This produced a chain reaction , which made it possible for life to develop.it作形式宾语。4. But when I tried to step forward I

36、found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.倍数表达法【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一. 单项选择*1. You can only be sure of _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future Athat；what Bwhat； Cwhich；that D；that2. When the man was trying to break into the bank , he was c

37、aught by the police _. A. in a spot B. on the spot C. off the spot D. to the spot 3. On the top of the mountain, you can get a wonderful _of the nearby hills. A. view B. sight C. look D. sign *4. _if you passed the exam you would receive a reward was telling lies. A. Whoever told you that B. Those w

38、ho told you that C. No matter who told you D. Whoever told you 5. Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and entertaining, many people do not have the _to read a book that requires thinking . A. courage B. wisdom C. patience D. freedom 6. Why not try your luck downtown , Bob? Thats _the best jo

39、bs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why 7. Most importantly, parents should choose correct ways to _their children. A. bring up B. bring down C. bring in D. bring out 8. It is a specially protected area. People are not _to cut down trees and hunt animals. A. permitted B. allowing C. advised D. permi

40、tting 9. How do you _your long absence from classes without asking for leave? I have nothing to say. A. account B. account for C. count D. count for 10. It doesnt seem ugly to me . _, I think it is rather beautiful. A. On the contrary B. On a contrary C. On one contrary D. On contrary11. It is very

41、_of her to leave without telling us. A. polite B. politely C. rude D. rudely 12. Older people may _their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children. A. seek B. scream C. bow D. spot 13. It is _that the same event repeated itself years later in the same place. A. unabl

42、e B. unbelievable C. independent D. impressive*14. In the earthquake, parents are willing to do _they could _their children. A. whatever, save B. whatever, to save C. what , saving D. what , to save 15. When you answer questions in a job interview , please remember the golden rule: Always give the m

43、onkey exactly _he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that 二完形填空*I used to find notes left in the collection basket of the church, beautiful notes about my homilies (讲道)and about the writers thoughts on the daily readings. The 16 fascinated(吸引) me. But it was a long time 17 I met the author of the no

44、tes.One Sunday morning, I was 18 that someone was waiting for me in the office, a young woman who said she 19 all the notes. When I saw her I was 20 , since I had no idea that it was she who wrote the notes. She was sitting in a chair in the office. Her 21 was bowed and when she raised it to look at

45、 me, she could barely 22 without pain. Her face was disfigured(畸形), so smiling was very 23 for her.We 24 for a while that Sunday morning and agreed to meet for lunch later that week.As it 25 , we went to lunch several times, and we shared things about our 26 . We spoke of authors we were both 27 ,an

46、d it was easy to tell that 28 are a great love of hers.She suffered from a disfigurement that cannot be made to look 29 . I know that her condition 30 her deeply. Yet there was a beauty to her that had nothing to do with her 31 . She was one to be listened to, whose words came from a wounded 32 lovi

47、ng heart. She possessed a fine tuned sense of beauty. Her only 33 in life was the loss of a friend.The truth of her life was a desire to see beyond the 34 for a glimpse of what it is that matters. She found beauty and grace 35 befriended her, and showed her what is real.16. A. questions B. ideas C.

48、notes D. basket17. A. since B. after C. when D. before18. A. told B. warmed C. suggested D. showed19. A. lost B. left C. dropped D. collected20. A. shocked B. satisfied C. frightened D. disappointed21. A. hand B. arm C. head D. neck22. A. stand B. smile C. speak D. sit23. A. pleasant B. bitter C. ug

49、ly D. difficult24. A. chatted B. discussed C. drank D. greeted25. A. turned out B. turned up C. came out D. came up 26. A. families B. beliefs C. hobbies D lives27. A. popular with B. fond of C. familiar to D. concerned in 28. A. friends B. churches C. writings D. books29. A. friendly B. happy C. at

50、tractive D. usual30. A. hurt B. impressed C. changed D. defeated31. A. fame B. wealth C. interest D. appearance32. A. and B. or C. but D. also33. A. fear B. wonder C. defeat D. anger34. A. dream B. surface C. imagination D. time35. A. it B. they C. which D. what 三阅读理解AMany of the customs that are po

51、pular at weddings today date back to hundreds of years ago. Most of us dont know the reasons any more but people today follow them because they are good fun.Today the bride (新娘) carries flowers but long ago she carried strong-smelling grass. This was to frighten away the evil spirits and to cover th

52、e smell of people who do not wash often. People also used to believe that the bride brought good luck, so they would try to get something from her. Today, the bride will offer the guests some good luck by throwing the flowers to them after the wedding. It is said that if you catch the flowers, you w

53、ill be the next one to get married. Of course, many of the single girls at a wedding try to catch the flowers.In early times, the bridesmaids (伴娘) and the bride all wore similar dresses. This was to confuse the evil spirits. Now bridesmaids still wear similar dresses but the bride wears a different dress that is often white. M