上海牛津高二第二学期unit2grammar

1、GrammarLaughter heals1. 恶作剧恶作剧2. 视视为为3. 开玩笑开玩笑4. 使他感到谦虚使他感到谦虚5. 把帽子挂在钉子上把帽子挂在钉子上6. 走到他桌边走到他桌边7. 颠倒过程颠倒过程8. 离开回家离开回家9. 用用换换10. 掉到眼睛上方掉到眼睛上方 a practical joke regard as play a joke on make him feel humble hang ones hat on a peg proceed to his desk reverse the process depart for home exchange for drop d

2、own over ones eyes Revision11. 狂笑狂笑12. 让大家吃惊的是让大家吃惊的是13. 出现出现14. 在它正常的位置在它正常的位置15. 对对困惑困惑16. 减少直径减少直径17. 像往常一样像往常一样18. 隔天交替隔天交替19. 最后最后20. 每天换型号每天换型号roar with laughter to everyones surprise turn up in its normal position be puzzled by reduce its diameter as usual on alternate days in the end change

3、size from day to day Noun clauses used in appositionMrs. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers.Mrs. SmithTom-同位语同位语The impression that Mr. Potts regarded his colleagues as inferiors made him unpopular.In the end, the belief that an illness was makin

4、g his head change size from day to day led Mr. Potts to go to a doctor.同位语从句同位语从句1. Noun clauses are clauses that act in the same way as nouns in a sentence. They usually begin with that. The noun clause in apposition gives more information about the noun.announcement conclusion possibility evidence

5、 decision warning opinion rumour feeling chance belief news wish idea fact从句在句中作从句在句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语的同位语，是对句的同位语，是对句子主语或宾语的子主语或宾语的解释、说明解释、说明。1. We heard the news that our team had won.2. The fact that the transport of the goods costs too much was not discussed.3. Sydney kept his promise that he would al

6、ways do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.连接词连接词that引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分, 只起连接作用，只起连接作用，不能省略不能省略He told me the news that he would come home from abroad soon.他告诉我一个消息他告诉我一个消息, 他马上要从国外回国。他马上要从国外回国。There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.2. Noun

7、clauses in apposition can also be introduced by a question word such as whether, what, who, which, where, when and how. idea clue question decision impression information wh-, how等引导的同位语从句等引导的同位语从句I have no idea when he will be back.how he can get the treasure.where the concert will be held.who can

8、finish the work.why it happened.which pen is mine.what we should do next.whom they are talking about.whether itll rain tomorrow.只用只用whether引导引导, 不用不用if这个问题是否正确还未被证实。这个问题是否正确还未被证实。The problem _ it is right hasnt been proved.连接词连接词whether引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句whether连接词代词连接词代词what/who/which引引导的同位语从句导的同位语从句1

9、.谁会出国这个问题还未决定。谁会出国这个问题还未决定。2.我不知道该选哪个。我不知道该选哪个。1. The question _ should go abroad hasnt been decided yet.2. I have no idea _ one I should choose.whichwho在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分连接词副词连接词副词when / where / why / how 引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句 1. 我了解他们为什么离开得那么早。我了解他们为什么离开得那么早。2. 我们还没决定好去哪儿。我们还没决定好去哪儿。1. Ive got a good ide

10、a _ they left early.2. The question _ we should go has not been decided.whywhere在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分在表示在表示“建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求”的名词的名词recommendation, suggestion, proposal, demand, order, requirement, request, desire, command等后的等后的that同位语从句同位语从句要用虚拟语气要用虚拟语气(should) +动词原形。动词原形。The teacher conveyed the student

11、s recommendation that George (should) be appointed monitor.The order came that we (should ) start at once. NoteCombine the following pairs of sentences, using the words in brackets.Someone said it would snow in July. This made him laugh. The idea that .The idea that it would snow in July made him la

12、ugh. 先行词先行词There might be fireworks. This made them decide to join the celebration. (The possibility that .)The possibility that there might be fireworks made them decide to join the celebration. 先行词先行词 It was a sunny day. This led her to wear her sunglasses. The fact that .The fact that it was a su

13、nny day led her to wear her sunglasses. 先行词先行词There would be a storm. This made her want to stay indoors. Her belief that Her belief that there would be a storm made her want to stay indoors. 先行词先行词She heard there would be a test. This did not worry the student. The rumour that .The rumour that ther

14、e might be a test did not worry the student. 先行词先行词There would be a party on Saturday. This made Tom very excited. The news that .The news that there would be a party on Saturday made Tom very excited. 先行词先行词Practice Arrange the words to make complete sentences using noun clauses in apposition. 1. a

15、 question / he / work / finished / in two hours / it / the / is / how 2. the meeting / made / not / whether / go to / she / she / or not / will / a decision/has.It is a question She has not made a decision 3. where / clue / went / no / he / have / I. 4.evidence / say / the money / the police / is /

16、was stolen / there / that. 5. home / the teacher / idea / had / the boy / no / for / school / left / when. I have no clue The police say there is evidence The teacher had no idea 同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句与定语从句区别 1. 从词类上区别从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是同位语从句前面的名词只能是等抽象名词；等抽象名词； 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词（包括具而定语从句的先行词可以是名词（包括具体名词和抽

17、象名词）、代词、主句的一部分体名词和抽象名词）、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。或是整个主句。 He told me the news that he would comehome from aboard soon.1. Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。据说他已经出国了。2. Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。这让我们很高兴。(同位语从句同位语从句) (定语从句定语从句) 2.从性质上区别从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行

18、词的修饰或限制，定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。即定语从句表示先属于名词性从句的范畴。即定语从句表示先行词的性质，而同位语从句表示名词的内容。行词的性质，而同位语从句表示名词的内容。如如: : 1. The news that our team has won the gameis true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句同位语从句, 补充说明补充说明news到底是

19、一个什到底是一个什么消息么消息) 2. The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句定语从句, news在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语) 3. 从引导词上区别从引导词上区别 有些引导词如有些引导词如how, whether, what 可以引导可以引导同位语从句同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。但不能引导定语从句。如如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。

20、我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。 (同位语从句同位语从句) 引导词引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 (指物时还可以用指物时还可以用which代替代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略，并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用略，也不能用which来代替。来代替。如如: 4. 从引导词在从句中所起的作用上区别从引导词在从句中所起的作用上区别The order that we should send a few people to he

21、lp the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。昨天收到了。(同位语从句同位语从句, 是对是对order的具体解释的具体解释that虽不虽不作成分作成分, 但不能省略但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。帮

22、助别的几个小组。 (定语从句定语从句, 是名词是名词order的修饰语的修饰语, that在从在从句中作句中作received的宾语的宾语, 可以省略可以省略) 1. The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world.2. Thats the best piece of news Ive heard.判断下列哪些含有判断下列哪些含有同位语从句同位语从句、哪些含有、哪些含有定语定语从句从句。同位语从句同位语从句4. Is there any h

23、ope that he will be home at 7:30? 5. The possibility that you referred to doesnt exist at all.6. The fact that we talked about is very important.7. There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句1. I made a promise _ this year, my first y

24、ear in high school, would be different. （2012浙江高考）浙江高考） A. whether B. that C. what D. how解析：解析：that引导同位语从句，在从句中不引导同位语从句，在从句中不做句子成分，补充说明同位语做句子成分，补充说明同位语promise的内容。的内容。 B2. Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. （201

25、2重庆高考）重庆高考） A. why B. how C. whether D. that解析：解析：分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语句子主语Evidence的同位语从句，在这的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用该使用that作为引导词。因此，正确答作为引导词。因此，正确答案为案为D选项。选项。 D3. Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases. (2011天津天津) A. what B. whi

26、ch C. that D. where解析：解析：that引导同位语从句，修饰引导同位语从句，修饰evidence。that引导同位语从句时，在引导同位语从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有真实从句中不充当任何成分，也没有真实含义。句子意思是含义。句子意思是“现代科学已经清现代科学已经清楚地表明吸烟能导致很多种疾病。楚地表明吸烟能导致很多种疾病。”C4. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2009年江西卷年江西卷) A. whatB. whi

27、ch C. that D. though 解析：解析：本题考查同位语从句。句意为：本题考查同位语从句。句意为：近年来全球气候不断变暖，这一事实使近年来全球气候不断变暖，这一事实使得很多科学家感到担忧。该题同位语从得很多科学家感到担忧。该题同位语从句结构完整，故选连词句结构完整，故选连词thatthat。C5. - Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? - No problem. (2009年浙江卷年浙江卷) A. when B. that C. whether D. what解析：解析：句意为：句意为：-

28、 - 你到机场来接我行吗？你到机场来接我行吗？- -没问题。没问题。thatthat引导同位语从句，说明引导同位语从句，说明possibilitypossibility的内容。的内容。B6. News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. (2009年四川卷年四川卷) A. which B. what C. that D. where解析：解析：句意为：学校办公室传出了王琳已句意为：学校办公室传出了王琳已经被北京大学录取的消息。这是一道考查经被北京大学录取的消息。这是一道考

29、查同位语从句的题目，同位语从句的题目，newsnews是同位语从句的是同位语从句的先行词。先行词。C7. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. (NMET2001上海上海) A. while B. that C. when D. as 解析：解析： more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是是Information的内的内容，且容，且Informat

30、ion不在从句中作成分，所以不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。该句为同位语从句。 B8. I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A. it B. which C. this D. that 解析： she is crying loudly是是the terrible noise的内容，且的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。分，所以该句为同位语从句。D9. One reason for her preference for city life is sh

31、e can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. （2010 上海）上海） A. that B. how C. what D. why 解析：考察考察that引导同位语从句的用法。引导同位语从句的用法。此处此处that不可以省略。不可以省略。A10. The news _ （房价将要下跌）（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall) （2010湖北）湖北）解析：用用 that引导同位语从句，引导同位语从句，“房价房价”

32、译译成成 “housing price”。that the housing price will fall1.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A. which B. when C. / D. that 3. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me thi

33、s coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whetherADB4. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what5. The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow. A. which B. when C. that D. how6. I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car