SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气讲解

1、Subjunctive Mood 什么是虚拟语气？什么是虚拟语气？ 表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等一种假设、猜测、怀疑等 表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等虚拟语气的分类 语语 言言 形形 式式功功 能能Be形（原形）形（原形）意愿意愿Were形形假设假设第三条件句第三条件句假设假设第四条件句第四条件句假设假设“意愿意愿”虚拟句：虚拟句：bebe型虚拟式型虚拟式 “意愿意愿”虚拟句用来表示意愿、要求、希望、虚拟句用来表示意愿、要求、希望、建议、命令等的具体内容。这种虚拟式有建议、命令等的具体内

2、容。这种虚拟式有下列三种结构形式：下列三种结构形式： 1 1、用在表要求、命令、指示等动词后的用在表要求、命令、指示等动词后的that 宾词从句中或其被动结构的主语从句宾词从句中或其被动结构的主语从句 其结构为其结构为 “(should)+动词原形动词原形” suggest (suggest (建议建议) ) recommend (recommend (推荐推荐) ) advise (advise (劝告劝告) ) propose (propose (建议建议) ) insist (insist (坚持坚持) ) consent (consent (允诺允诺) ) decide (decide

3、 (决定决定) ) order (order (命令命令) ) request (request (要求要求) ) desire (desire (期望期望) ) maintain (maintain (主张主张) ) urge (urge (催促催促) ) 三个建议三个建议四个要求四个要求insistorder, commandadvise, suggest, proposedemand, require, request, ask虚拟语气虚拟语气Should +v 型型两个命令两个命令一个坚持一个坚持在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中

4、。这种用法的常用词有：这种用法的常用词有：He ordered that all the students (should) attend his lectures on time. 1) 他命令所有学生按时到课。他命令所有学生按时到课。 It is suggested that the project (should) be started at once. 2) 有人建议马上启动这个项目。有人建议马上启动这个项目。What do you think of her proposal that I (should) apply for a new job? 3) 她建议我去找份新工作，你觉得怎

5、样？她建议我去找份新工作，你觉得怎样？1.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A should B would C must D could3. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went

6、 B. wont go C. not go D. not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished5.The commander ordered that we _ work before Friday. A. must finish B. finished C. should finish D. could finishJans pale face suggested that

7、 he _ ill . A be B was C should be D isHe insists he _right. A. were B. was C. be D. isTIPST. or F. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，

8、要用不同的语气Insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式时，用虚拟形式，即即 should + do;Insist 表示表示“坚持说坚持说”时，用陈述语气时，用陈述语气，表示事实表示事实。Suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。FTFT虚拟语气虚拟语气注意：注意： 如如suggest, insist用于其本意用于其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认为坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.The guard at gate insisted tha

9、t everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.obeywasbe senthavenecessary(necessary(必需的必需的) )essential(essential(必要的必要的) )imperative(imperative(必需的必需的) )natural(natural(天生的天生的) )desirable(de

10、sirable(希望的希望的) )advisable(advisable(希望的希望的) )important(important(重要的重要的) ) appropriate(appropriate(适当的适当的) )2 2、用在、用在It is +It is +形容词形容词 + that-clause + that-clause中中, , 主要表主要表示主观看法，比如：示主观看法，比如：“某事是必要的、重要的、自某事是必要的、重要的、自然而然的然而然的”从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用should +should +动词原形动词原形, should , should 可省。可省。我们有必要出去散

11、散步。 她这样做是很自然的。 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Should + V 型型虚拟语气虚拟语气TranslationIts necessary that we should have a walk .Its natural that she should do so.Its important that we should take good care of the patient.Subjunctive mood in TEM-4It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. A. hand in B. would

12、 hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in1.It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could B. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A. be finished C. had finishedC. must be finished D. will finish CA3. The young man insisted that he _ no

13、thing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be setB3、公式化语句 表示“祝愿、诅咒、禁止”等意义的特殊表达结构里Long live the Peoples Republic of China!God bless you!God damn you!(该死的！)Heaven forbid!(天理不容！)Devil take him!(混蛋！)So be it.(但愿如此/就这样吧。)were-型虚拟式1. 非真实的条件或让步2. 几

14、乎不可能的假设3. 特殊句型1.由if, if only, as if, as though, though 等引导的条件状语从句或让步状语从句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。 If I were you, I should wait till next week. If it were to rain, the game would be put off. If only I were not so nervous. He spoke to me as if I were deaf. He behaves as though he were better than us.If there wer

15、e no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn. A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been2.were型虚拟式常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine等表示“希望，但愿，宁愿”的-that 分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常是不可能发生的）情况。 I wish it were spring all the year round. Suppose the earth were flat. Just imagine everyo

16、ne were to give up smoking.3.特殊句型 It is (high /about) time that. that 从句中动词用一般过去时，表示“差不多/ 该是的时候了”。其中that可以省略。 It is the time we left the office. 区分：Its the first(second / third) time后面的that从句中，谓语动词要用完成时来表示一种经历。 Its the second time Ive come here.Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If you have really been studyi

17、ng English for so long, its about time you _able to write letters in English. A. should be B. were C. must be D. are Subjunctive mood in TEM-4“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I dont know. But its about time _ on something.”A. Id decide B. I decided C. I decide D. Im decidingSubjunct

18、ive mood in TEM-4Its high time we _cutting down the rainforests. A. stopped B. had to stop C. shall stop D. stop条件句的类型一、一、事实与习惯条件句事实与习惯条件句（whenever）真实条件句真实条件句二、二、将来假设条件句（将来假设条件句（if）三、三、现在与将来相反假设条现在与将来相反假设条件句件句非真实条件句非真实条件句四、四、过去相反假设句过去相反假设句 虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去相反

19、的相反的假设假设与与将来将来相反的相反的假设假设If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（动词（动词be用用were)主语主语+should,would,might,could动词动词原形原形If+主语主语+had +过去分词过去分词主语主语should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+ 动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should +动词原形动词原形主语主语should, would might, could动词动词原形原形通常有三种情况：通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。与过去事实相反。

20、 （过去虚拟）（过去虚拟）与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反。 （现在虚拟）（现在虚拟）与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟）与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟） “后退一步法” 与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。形式表示。与现在事实相反，用一般过去时形式表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时形式表示。与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时形式与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时形式表示。表示。 1) If I were you, I shouldnt do that.2) We would go with you if we had time.3) We could ask

21、 him if he were here.4) If I knew his telephone number, I would ring him up.条件从句主句did（be动词一般用动词一般用were）would (should, could, might ) + doI. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 1. 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：1) If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.2) If you had come earlier, you would (might) have met h

22、im.3) I would have called you if I had known your phone number.条件从句条件从句主句主句had + donewould (might ) + have done2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要 形式如下：形式如下：Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If only I _play the guitar as well as you! A. would B. Could C. should D. might1) If it should rain, the crops would

23、be saved. 2) If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.3) If it rained tomorrow, we would not go out.条件从句主句didshould dowere to dowould + do3.表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If only the patient _a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics h

24、e might still be alive now. A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receivingSubjunctive mood in TEM-4If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. wereSubjunctive mood in TEM-4All of us would ha

25、ve enjoyed the party much more if there _quite such a crowd of people there. A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt beNote: 省略省略if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或或should，可以把省略，可以把省略if而把这几个词放到主语而把这几个词放到主语之前构成主谓倒装：例如：之前构成主谓倒装：例如：1. Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring

26、 me up.2. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 3. Had he been more careful (If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.Subjunctive mood in TEM-4_for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was not D. W

27、ere it not虚拟式的特殊形态虚拟式的特殊形态主从句时态不一致 If Mother had told me that truth when I was young, I would not make such mistakes so often now.错综条件句错综条件句 If you studied harder now, you would be more successful in the future.1. The committee members propose that the plan _ postponed for a few days. A. being C. to

28、 be B. been D. be2. The boss insisted that Mr. Copper (give) up smoking at once. 3. The director required that every member in his department (refer) .to this report. 4. I think its high time we _ strict measures to stop pollution. A. will take C. took B. take D. have takenD(should) give(should) ref

29、erC5 If only she (know) that her behaviour was not welcome, she would have been more careful with her manners. 6 If I had a car of my own, I _ it to your sister yesterday. A. would have lent C. must have lent B. would lend D. should lend7 Jack would never have done that if he (have) _ a good educati

30、on. had known Ahad had 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达表达出来出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。件句。But for, be for, without, but thatIf you had not helped, I wouldnt have passed the exam.But for your help, .Without your helpHad it not been for your help, 条件句的变化形式（含蓄条件句）条件句的变化形式（含蓄条件句）But that

31、you helped, .Exercise But for, without, be for, but that 如果没有太阳，地球上就不会有植物。 But for the sun, there would be no plant on our planet. Without the sun, If it were not for the sun, . But that there is the sun, 条件句的变化形式（含蓄条件句）条件句的变化形式（含蓄条件句）Otherwise sentence adverb used when saying what would have happen

32、ed or might have happened if something else had not happened: We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time. 类似类似 if 型型虚拟语气虚拟语气but for +n(要不是), without +n, otherwise，in that case，一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）, 其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。+句子句子would/could/sho

33、uld/might +V. (原原)would/could/should/might +have done现在现在/将来将来过去过去1. But for your help, we (make) such rapid progress.没有你的帮助，我们是不会取得这么快的进展的。没有你的帮助，我们是不会取得这么快的进展的。would not have made虚拟语气虚拟语气类似类似 if 型型2. Without air, there _ (be) no living things. 如果没有空气，就不会有生物如果没有空气，就不会有生物 would be3. Thanks to the br

34、ave young man, otherwise, the boy _(die).would have diedWish / As if (though)类似类似 if 型型虚拟语气虚拟语气Would rather/ If only Wish/As if / （though）+从句从句现在现在: 过去时（过去时（were）过去过去: 过去完成时过去完成时(had done)未来未来: would/could/might +V.(原原)类似类似 if 型（型（1）虚拟语气虚拟语气例句1. I wish I were 30 years younger.2. I wish (that) you wo

35、uld get a good job.3. He wished he hadnt done it.4. He treats the little girl as if she were he own daughter.类似类似 if 型（型（1） would rather + that （从句）（从句） 宁愿宁愿If only +要是要是该有多好啊该有多好啊过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时现在现在过去过去过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时现在现在/将来将来过去过去类似类似 if 型（型（2）虚拟语气虚拟语气 as if / though sbdidhad doneHe talked as if

36、he had been there at that time.He talks as if he knew everything. even if sb didhad doneEven if I were as rich as you one day, I wont do such a thing.Even if I had managed to do it, they didnt believe me. Even if I had the chance now, Im not interested in it.2. would rather do sthI would rather stay

37、 at home in such hot weather.1)2) would rather sbdid sthhad done sthI would rather you stayed at home.I would rather you had stayed at home.Pattern suggesting best wishesIf only sbdidhad donewould do= how I wish sbdidhad donewould doIf only I were you.How I wish I were you.Subjunctive mood in TEM-46

38、1. Its getting late. Id rather you _ now. (2011)A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leaveIf only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listenB Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. gett

39、ing C. got D. should getCHe is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. beenA Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. hadDWhen a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenCexercisesexercises1. Without electricity human