新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第七单元课后答案

1、Text comprehensionI. B.II. 1. T;2. T;3. T;4. F;5. F.III.1. Paragraph 2. It is our society, which overemphasizes winning, considers failure a sin, and sees prosperity in the present as a sure sign of salvation in the future.2. Paragraph 4. Because the students may have acquired more or less knowledge

2、 out of the course than the grade indicates.3. Paragraph 5. His attitude is critical. He complains the exclusion of such important characteristics as courage, kindness, wisdom and good humor.4. Paragraph 8. It was to make a clear distinction between the student as classroom performer and the student

3、 as human being. So a low grade, at best, indicates an incompetent classroom performer, not an incompetent human being.5. Paragraph 9. He thinks social labels, including grades, are basically irrelevant and misleading, though necessary. But its not self-contradictory because social labels are necess

4、ary as ways of distinction for job choice, not as reasons for attitude toward others or ourselves in human terms.IV.1. Being unsuccessful and disadvantaged is regarded as sinful because in this word people tend to think todays success can save one from evil in the future.2. It is important to see th

5、e fact that although they differ in their class status and educational background, human beings are essentially the same. Biologically they are constructed in the same way, and they share the common feelings of fear and joy and the common experience of suffering and achieving. This commonality has b

6、ound them together. All of them will regard wars, diseases, and disasters both private and public as unfortunate big events in their life time.Structural analysis of the text1. Paragraph 25. Key words: Disappointment. Main idea: Grades do not mean everything.2. Paragraph 68. Key words: The student a

7、s performer; the student as human being. Main idea: Getting a B in class does not mean one will always be a B performer in life.3. Paragraph 910. Key words: Perspective. Main idea: In a complex society like ours, labels are necessary but they should be kept in perspective.Section Four Consolidation

8、ActivitiesPart one. Vocabulary AnalysisI.Phrase practice1. essence: inner nature; indispensable quality; the most important part本质，实质，精髓e.g. His works reflect the essence of fascism.他的作品反映出法西斯的本质。2. deadly sins: sins leading to damnation. (pride, covetousness, lust, anger, gluttony, envy and sloth,

9、in Christianity)3. misleading: making you think or act wrongly误导，误入歧途e.g. He deliberately misled us about the nature of their relationship.关于他们究竟是什么关系，他故意给我们留下错误印象。This sentence has misled us into thinking that the answer was wrong.这句话误使我们认为那个答案是错误的。4. conventional task: task traditionally required

10、of students传统任务e.g. This conventional task is so easy that even a pupil can finish it.这个传统任务是如此简单，甚至小学生都能完成。5. in short supply: far from enough供给不足，缺乏e.g. The water and food for disaster area is in short supply.这些水和食物给灾区是远远不够的。Potatoes are in short supply because of the bad harvest.由于收成不好，现在马铃薯供应不足。

11、II.1. define;2. irrelevant;3. correspond to;4. flunked;5. rather;6. makes a point of;7. apt to;8. go round.III.Word derivation. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. His vision was nearly restored to normal after the removal (remove) of the tumor in his brain.2. The maj

12、or issue of the conference was how to cope with the severe consequences resulting from the climatic (climate) changes on our planet.3. This company is in trouble and the latest plan for its salvation (salvage) has few supporters.4. It is said in the job ad that those who apply for the vacancy should

13、 have proficiency (proficient) in at least two languages.5. Dont rely on the information she gave you its pure assumption (assume) on her part.6. The age of college students normally (norm) ranges from 18 to 22.7. The governments inaction to curb inflation and unemployment caused strong resentment (

14、resent) among the public.8. The Sichuan earthquake turned out to be the most disastrous (disaster) one the country has witnessed in the past one hundred years.1. remove v.消除，除去；脱掉removable a.可除去的，可移动的removal n.移动，移居；除去e.g.我们的家已从北京迁到上海。Our home has removed from Beijing to Shanghai.他脱下帽子表示敬意。He remove

15、d his hat as a sign of reverence.2. climate n.气候；风气climatic a.气候上的e.g.她很快就适应了这种多变的气候。She adapted herself quickly to the changeable climate.3. salvage v.打捞，抢救salvageable a.可抢救的，可打捞的salvation n.得救，拯救；赎罪e.g.房子里没有什么东西可救的了。There is nothing that is salvageable in the building.天气干旱了这么久，这场雨成了农民的救星。After so

16、much dry weather, the rain has been the farmers salvation.4. proficient a.熟练的，精通的proficiency n.熟练，精通e.g.我可以说对唱歌很在行。Id say I am quite proficient at singing.5. assume v.假定，设想；承担；认为assuming conj.假定，假如assumption n.假定，设想e.g.我以为你能讲流利的英语。I assumed you could speak English fluently.假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？Assuming t

17、hat it is true, what should we do now?6. norm n.标准，规范normal a.正常的，正规的normality n.常态normalize v.使正常，使标准化e.g.过了几天，洪水才退，生活恢复了正常。It was several days before the floodwater sank and life returned to normal.我们的关系正常了。Our relationship has been normalized.7. resent v.憎恨，生气resentment n.怨恨，愤恨resentful a.不满的rese

18、ntfulness n.怨恨，愤恨e.g.我非常讨厌别人侵占我的时间。.I bitterly resent the encroachment on my time.他对所受的待遇感到忿恨。He is resentful at the way he has been treated.8. disaster n.灾难disastrous a.灾难性的e.g.这场灾难过后，许多人既没有食物又没有住处。After the disaster there were many who wanted food and shelter.国家的经济形势非常糟糕。The economic condition of

19、the country is disastrous.IV.1. B;2. D;3. C;4. C;5. B;6. D;7. B;8. D.V. Synonym / Antonym: Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. The essence of success is that theres never enough of it to go round in a zero-sum game where one persons winning

20、 must be offset by anothers losing Synonym: balanced, compensated2. The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather conventional tasks Antonym: unconventional3. But they are important: crucially so, because they are always in short supply.Antonym: abundant, plentiful4

21、. If you value these characteristics in yourself, you will be valued and far more so than those whose identities are measured only by little marks on a piece of paper.Synonym: evaluated, assessed5. There were a lot of us then: older than the norm, in a hurry to get our degrees and move on Synonym: a

22、verage6. It is important to recognize that human beings, despite differences in class and educational labeling, are fundamentally hewn from the same material and knit together by common bonds of fear and joy Synonym: essentially, basically7. But these distinctions should never be taken seriously in

23、human terms Antonym: lightly, frivolously8. Even in achievement terms, your B label does not mean that you are permanently defined as a B achievement person.Antonym: temporarilyVI.Prefix: Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. interfereinternational

24、 _2. transcend_ translate3. circumstances_ circumference4. neocolonialneoclassical5. controlconform6. antibioticantisocial7. unlockundo8. outnumberoutshine1. Explanation:inter-: betweene.g. interaction, interdependent, interconnect2. Explanation:trans-: across or beyonde.g. transplant, transform, tr

25、ansatlantic3. Explanation:circum-: surroundinge.g. circumcision, circumlocution, circumspect4. Explanation:neo-: new, in a later forme.g. neonatal, neo-fascist, neo-Georgian5. Explanation:con-: strengthen or reinforcee.g. convince, constrain, conquer6. Explanation:anti-: opposed to, againste.g. anti

26、war, antihero, antidote7. Explanation:un-: in verbs that describe the opposite of a processe.g. unfold, unload, unbend, uncut8. Explanation:out-: greater, better, further, etc.e.g. outgrow, outlive, outwitPart two.Grammar Exercises1.DisjunctA disjunct is a type ofadverbialthat expresses information

27、that isnot considered essentialto the sentence it appears in, but which is considered to be the speakers or writersattitudetowards, ordescriptive statementof, the propositional content of the sentence.More generally, the term disjunct can be used to refer to any sentence element that is not fully in

28、tegrated into the clausal structure of the sentence. Such elements usually appear peripherally (at the beginning or end of the sentence) and are set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma (in writing) and a pause (in speech).e.g. Honestly, I couldnt believe it.Unfortunately, Kim has had to lea

29、ve us.I. Practice: Rewrite the following sentences using proper disjuncts.1. Unfortunately, 2. It is hoped that the report will go out to shareholders no later than June 1.Hopefully, 3. It is odd enough that he did not raise any objection to the plan.Oddly enough, 4. Rightly, 5. Luckily, 6. Fortunat

30、ely, 7. It is strange enough that the burglar should not have taken the diamond away.Strangely enough, II.Type 1 expresses a judgment on the whole and meanwhile thesubject, so three types of sentence structures can be used;Type 2 expresses no judgment on thesubject.1. It was right that / They were r

31、ight to have .2. It was foolish that / It was foolish of the boy not to say / The boy was foolish not to say .3. type 1.4. type 2.5. type 2.6. type 2.7. type 2: It was lucky that .8. type 2: It is hoped that .III. Relative wordsRelative words are used torefer to a nounmentioned before and of which w

32、e areadding more information. They are used tojoin two or more sentencesin the way we call “relative sentences”.e.g. I know many boys who / that play rugby.The shirt which / that Carl bought has a stain on the pocket.This is the boy whose mother works for the BBC.Barnstaple has a very old covered ma

33、rket where I bought some lovely old plates.Sunday is the day when people usually dont go to work.If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, weusually put it at the endof the clause:e.g. The music which / that Julie listens to is good.Sometimes, the preposition canalso be placed before t

34、he relative pronoun.e.g. My brother met a woman with whom I used to work.It was the stream in which the elephant and the mouse preferred to swim.Notice that wecannot use who or that after a preposition, for the relative pronoun now serves as the object of the preposition.III. Practice: Fill in each

35、blank with a proper relative word. Use “preposition + relative word” if necessary.1. Good writing is built on a solid framework of logic, argument, narrative, or motivation _which / that_ runs through the entire piece of writing and holds it together. This is the time _when_ many writers find it mos

36、t effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine _by which_ the piece of writing is supported.2. The element _on which_3. that4. James Russell is a man _for whom_ I have the greatest respect.5. with whom6. to whom7. of which8. at whichIV.1. where, where2. what, which3. what4. why5. wh

37、ere6. When7. why8. which, which, whatV. whatever, wherever, whoever, whichever, whenever, and howeverThe words whatever, wherever, whoever, whichever, whenever and however have similar meanings to “no matterwho, what, which ”. A word of this kind has a double function: it acts asa subject, object or

38、 adverb in its own clause. It also acts asa conjunction joining its clauseto the rest of the sentence.e.g. Whatever you may say, I am not going to take him back. (No matter what you say, .)Wherever you go, I shall follow you. (No matter where you go, I shall follow you.)Whoever disobeys the law must

39、 be punished. (No matter who disobeys the law )However much he eats, he never gets fat. (No matter how much he eats, )These words are also used to suggest somethingnot definitely known.e.g. I shall come whenever I can slip away.We shall send whoever is available.You will have to be content with what

40、ever you can get.V. Practice: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words in the box.whoeverwhereverwhateverhoweverwheneverwhichever1. However2. _Whatever_ problems you may have, we will help.3. whatever4. Wherever5. Take _whichever_ book you like best.6. whoever7. _However_ late it

41、is, you must come to the party because it will be something fantastic.8. whenever / wheneverVI.1. not the most important thingits the only thing2. enough . Norrather.Part three. Translation exercisesI.1.不管我们的标准是什么，这个标准现在提高了，结果使你对自己没能得到更高的分数而感到失望。2。由于缺乏更精确的衡量工具，我们至多只能把B看作一个模糊的符号，表示对你掌握某一科目的程度的判断，不过这种

42、判断的准确性很值得怀疑。3。人的阶级属性和教育背景不尽相同，但凡是人都是血肉之躯，都有同样的恐惧感和欢愉感，同样的痛苦感和成就感，这些共通的感受把他们连为一体；认识到这一点十分重要。4。然而和你们毕业离校之后将要进入的那片荒蛮无路、起伏跌宕的乡野相比，在样读书就如同一条狭窄坦直、界限分明的公路。II。1.他因急性阑尾炎住院治疗，结果连期末考试都没参加。（with the result that）Translation:He was hospitalized with acute appendicitis, with the result that he missed the final exa

43、mination.2.前来听讲座的人数远远超出原来的计划，分发给大家的讲义不够了。（go round）Translation:As many more people came to the lecture than expected, there were not enough handouts to go round.3.不管一天工作有多忙，他在睡觉前总要看一下电子信箱里有没有新邮件。No matter what a long / busy day he may have, he makes a point of checking his e-mail inbox before going

44、to bed.4。世界各国都有失业问题，但各国政府处理这个问题的方法不尽相同。（handle）Unemployment is found in all countries in the world, but governments vary in their way to handle the problem.5。第一次来到异国的人往往会感到自己周围的一切既陌生，又有趣。（be apt to）Translation:Anyone who has come to a foreign country for the first time is apt to find everything arou

45、nd him both strange and interesting.6. The football fans were very disappointed at the performance of the players of both teams.7.他的话，你得好好想一想，千万不要他说什么你就信什么。（take at face value）Translation:Never take what he says at face value. Think it over yourself.8。The doctors words removed his fears about the op

46、eration.VIWriting PracticeParagraph development ClassificationIn our daily life we are constantly organizing things in one way or another. Classification is the grouping of items into categories according to some consistent principle. Most families of things can be divided or classified according to

47、 several different principles. The key to good classification writing is to use a single rule of division for each part. Classification is done of things that belong to one family, things that have something in common, but the purpose of classification is to compare and contrast them, showing their

48、differences, so that the reader might have a better understanding of them. Classification is extensively used in technical writing, but the strategy can also be used for nontechnical purposes. Original and interesting classification for rhetorical effect can surprise the readers and capture their at

49、tention.Words and expressions often used for classification include, among many others, the following: include, comprise, contain, have, be sorted into, be classified into, differ in, be divided into, be a type of, fall under, belong to, be a part of, fit into, be grouped with, and be associated wit

50、h.Exercises: Write two paragraphs based on the following topic sentences with the classification strategy.1. High school teachers tend to sort their students into the following categories: pleasant high achievers, unpleasant high achievers, the average, pleasant underachievers, and unpleasant undera

51、chievers.Ideas for reference:The pleasant high achievers take part in various kinds of activities happily and study effectively, efficiently and fruitfully.The unpleasant high achievers concentrate on school work with high scores, but without pleasure.The average achievers studies sufficiently but d

52、oesnt work more than necessary.The pleasant underachievers make little efforts in school work, but make use of every opportunity to enjoy themselvesThe unpleasant underachievers cant deal with school work well due to wrong approaches, nor can they find pleasure in life.2. In Shanghai, the most popul

53、ar English language examinations include, among others, TEM 4, TEM 8, Interpreter Certificate, TOEFL, and IELTS.Ideas for reference:There are regional differences between the five tests.The five tests differ in their compulsoriness.Testees受试者、应考人are also divided on the purposes for which they take t

54、he five tests.Sample:In Shanghai, the most popular English language examinations include, among others, TEM 4, TEM 8, Interpreter Certificate, TOEFL, and IELTS. There are some differences between these tests. The first three, TEM 4 (short for “Test for English Majors Band 4”), TEM 8 and Interpreter

55、Certificate, are domestic tests, and among them Interpreter Certificate is a local one, peculiar to the city. Both TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) and IELTS (International English Language Testing System) are international tests, organized by the American and British educational authorities respectively. The five tests differ in their compulsoriness. The first two are compulsory: almost all college English majors are required to take them; the other three fall under the optional group. Besides, testees are also divided