大英虚拟语气学习

1、虚虚 拟拟 语语 气气 主讲：主讲： 王松昌王松昌虚拟语气虚拟语气 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。eg. If I were you, I should study English. I wish you could go with me. May you succeed! 1 用于用于条件条件从句从句2用于用于主语主语从句从句3用于用于宾语宾语从句从句4用于用于状语状语从句从句5用于用于定语定语从句从句6用于用于简单句简单句wish, suggest,orderIt is/was+ 形

2、容词形容词thatIfas if, as though 动词形动词形式式时间时间从句从句主句主句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反动词过去式（动词过去式（be的的过去式一般用过去式一般用were）would should + 动词原形动词原形could might 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反had +过去分词过去分词would should have+过去分词过去分词could might与将来事实与将来事实可能相反可能相反动词过去式动词过去式/should +动词原形动词原形were to动词原动词原形形would should +动词原形动词原形could might基本用法基本用法 If p

3、laces _ alike, there would be little need for geographers. A. being B. are C. be D. were If we _ (know) that the books were available, we would have bought them yesterday.had known有时可以把含有助动词，情态动词，有时可以把含有助动词，情态动词，be或或have的虚拟条件句省去，而将的虚拟条件句省去，而将had, should, were等词提到主语之前，即倒装。等词提到主语之前，即倒装。If I were you ,

4、 I would go with him.=Were I you, I would go with him.If I had known the news, I would have told you about that .=Had I known the news, I would have told you about that. 倒装用法倒装用法 Had he worked harder, he _ the final examinations. A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get throug

5、h D. could get through _ tomorrow morning, she would reach Beijing by this Sunday. A. Would she leave B. if she will leave C. Had she left D. Were she to leave主从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。主从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。所表示的时间加以调整。 eg. If you

6、 had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.If you had practiced speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently. (从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在） I could have called you yesterday, but I _ you telephone number. A. didnt have B. wont have C. hadnt have D. wouldnt have Peter

7、 _ the drivers test, but he wasnt calm enough in the last ten minutes. A. might have passed B. must have passed C. will passed D. ought to have passed“It is important （strange/natural/necessary/ vital /necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ natural/ essential/ desirable/ ） that ( should )+V.原形原形”

8、 ，表示某事，表示某事“重要重要”，“奇怪奇怪”，“自然自然”，“必要必要”等意义。等意义。eg. It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should)be postponed till tomorrow.用于主语从句中用于主语从句中 It is necessary that h

9、e _ (take) a good rest after working for a long time. It was ridiculous that he _ that way yesterday. A. behaved B. should behave C.shall behave D. would behave(should) take用于宾语从句用于宾语从句I wish从句结构从句结构Example与现在事实相反与现在事实相反一般过去式一般过去式I wish it were autumn now.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反过去完成式过去完成式He wishes(wished) he

10、 had not lost the chance.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反Would+V.原形原形I wish you would come soon. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. had slept C. might have slept D. have slept How he wished that he _ the concert! A. went to B. had gone to C.should have gone t

11、o D. would go to 在表示建议，要求，命令的词在表示建议，要求，命令的词 “suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire” 后的宾语从句中：后的宾语从句中： “(should) +动词原形动词原形” eg. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately. The doctor recommended that he _ for a few days. A. rests

12、B. rest C.rested D. will rest The doctor required that every member in his department _ (refer) to his report.(should) refer We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off His recommendation was that an experienced sales ma

13、nager _ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marketing there. A. was sent B. send C. be sent D. would be sent用于状语从句用于状语从句1. even if /even though 主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。eg. Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing. Even though

14、 he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.2.Though/althoughThough/Although he was Spanish, he spent most of his life in Germany. Well leave as arranged though it might rain tomorrow. ( 不用不用although) 指某种假设，只用指某种假设，只用though, 不用不用although. 3. As if/ as though从句的谓语形式为动词过去式从句的谓语形式为动词过去式 （be用用wer

15、e）或或“had+过去分词过去分词”eg. He treats me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. It looks as though it is going to rain.表示的事情可能会发生，谓语动词可用陈表示的事情可能会发生，谓语动词可用陈述语气。述语气。 5. lest, for fear that, in case “以防，以免以防，以免” She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) for

16、get. Lest从句用虚拟语气，从句用虚拟语气，(should)+V. 原形原形 For fear that, in case 既可用虚拟，也可既可用虚拟，也可用陈述语气。用陈述语气。 Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.用于定语从句用于定语从句1. “It is （ about/high) time(that)”,动词形式动词形式用过去式或用过去式或“should+动词原形动词原形”, 意为意为“(早）早）该做什么的时候了该做什么的时候了”. Its time we went to school. Its high time we did

17、our homework.2. Would rather, would sooner (宁愿），宁愿）， would just as soon (宁愿）后，宁愿）后，谓语用谓语用 一般过去时：一般过去时： 表示现在或将来虚拟表示现在或将来虚拟 过去完成时：表示过去虚拟过去完成时：表示过去虚拟用于简单句用于简单句常用有常用有2种形式，都表示祝愿：种形式，都表示祝愿：1Long live “万岁万岁”Long live the people!2May 用在句子开头用在句子开头May you be happy.May good luck be yours.May you do even better

18、.虚拟条件句可以转化的形式。虚拟条件句可以转化的形式。1.省略连词省略连词if 在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或或should，可以省略，可以省略if，把这，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 eg. Had he been more careful (If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.2.用介词短语代替条件状语从句用介词短语代替条件状语从句Without, but for (要不是）要不是）, othe

19、rwise, but that, except for, only, but, or eg. Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things. 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 But for your help(If it had not been for your help)I could not have done it. 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 Without water and air, there _living things on the earth. A. be B. were no C. were to be D. was You _ your work ahead of time without their help. A. havent completed B. wouldnt have completed C. werent completing D.shouldnt have completed2.省略主句（常用以表示愿望）省略主句（常用以表示愿望）If only +would+V. 原形（或原形（或V