成语与四字格的英2425

1、成语与四字格的英译成语与四字格的英译l成语是人们长期沿袭使用的、结构基本固定的短语或短句。l四字格又称四字结构，是汉语中一种独特的词汇现象。l四字格包括汉语中所有四个字组成的词语结构，其中就有大量的四字成语；成语中尽管也有三字成语和多字成语，但大多数成语是四字成语，属于四字格。因此，四字格和成语的翻译方法也有不少共同之处，其宏观的翻译策略基本相同。成语的英译策略成语的英译策略l汉语成语的语言特色，即形象鲜明、常用典故、音韵和谐，翻译时尽可能地保留这些特色。l常用的成语汉译英策略包括直译法、意译法、套译法、加注法和增译法。直译法直译法l如鱼得水l临阵磨枪l狐假虎威l猫哭老鼠l对牛弹琴l谋事在人，

2、成事在天lFeel just like fish in waterlSharpen ones spear only before going into battlelThe fox borrows the tigers terrorlThe cat weeps over the mouselPlay the harp to a bulllMan proposes, God disposesl直译法保留了原文的表达方式，能最大限度地在译文中再现成语中的形象和修辞色彩，但译者必须意识到直译法有很大的局限性。l胸有成竹lHave a well-thought-out plan before doin

3、g something意译法意译法l手忙脚乱l立竿见影l噤若寒蝉l明火执仗l牵肠挂肚l快马加鞭l开门见山l守株待兔lIn a frantic rushlGet instant resultslKeep quietlDo evil things openlylBe full of anxiety and worrylSpeed uplCome straight to the pointlTrust to chance and stroke of luck套译法套译法l套用译语中某个与汉语成语喻义相近的成语来进行翻译的方法。1.意义和蕴含意义一致意义和蕴含意义一致l眼见为实l隔墙有耳l自投罗网l嗤

4、之以鼻l一触即发l口中楼阁l充耳不闻l熟能生巧lSeeing is believinglWalls have earslThrow oneself into the traplTurn up ones nose atlTouch and golCastles in the airlTurn a deaf ear tolPractice makes perfect2.比喻形象有差异，但喻义一致比喻形象有差异，但喻义一致l笑掉大牙l乱七八糟l东张西望l挥金如土l缘木求鱼l胆小如鼠l瓮中之鳖l无风不起浪lLaugh ones head offlAt sixes and sevenslLook rig

5、ht and leftlSpend money like waterlSeek a hare in hens nestlAs timid as a harelLike a rat in a holelThere is no smoke without fire加注法加注法l加注法是在译文中添加读者理解成语所需的文化信息和背景知识，其特点在于既能保留成语的比喻形象和文化蕴涵，又能确保译文容易为译语读者所理解接受。l东施效颦lDongshi imitating Xishi (Xishi, a famous beauty in the ancient kindom of Yue, Dongshi,

6、an ugly girl who tried to imitate her way)l班门弄斧lShowing off proficiency with an axe before Luban, the master carpenter.四字格的翻译四字格的翻译Contents l并列关系l语义重复l目的关系l途径方式l偏正词组l省略意向并列关系并列关系l名山大川l名胜古迹l湖光山色l青山绿水l平等互利l扬长避短l反腐倡廉l奇松怪石lFamous mountains and great riverslScenic spots and historical siteslLandscape of

7、lakes and hillslGreen hills and clear waterslEquality and mutual benefitlPlay up strengths and avoid weaknesslFight corruption and build a clean governmentlStrangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations语义重复语义重复l层峦叠嶂l优胜略汰l延年益寿l长治久安l求真务实l审时度势l招商引资l德高望重l路遥知马力，日久见人心lPeaks rising one after anotherl

8、Survival of the fittestlProlong ones lifelA long period of stabilitylPragmaticlSize up the trend of eventslAttract investmentlOf high ability and integritylTime will tell目的关系目的关系l减员增效l退耕还林l集资办学l结党营私l扭亏为盈lDownsize to improve efficiencylReturn cultivated land to forest and pastureslRaise money to set

9、up new schoolslForm cliques for private gainlTurn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one途径方式途径方式l寓教于乐l因材施教l按劳分配l以商养文lTeach through lively activitieslTeach students according to their aptitudelDistribution according to performancelSupport cultural activities with the profits from doing busine

10、ss偏正词组偏正词组l廉洁奉公l环境绿化l以人为本l倚强凌弱l超前消费lHonestly perform ones official dutieslEnvironmental greeninglPeople-orientedlThe strong domineering over the weaklExcessive consumption省略意向省略意向l源远流长l呕心沥血l画龙点睛l花天酒地l汗马功劳l闻名遐迩l独具匠心l鱼米之乡l世外桃源lHave a long historylSpare no effortslBring out the crucial pointlGo on the

11、looselExploitslFamouslOriginal lA land of milk and honeylA heaven of peaceDrills l爱屋及乌l不眠之夜l不遗余力l辞旧迎新l大开眼界l和气生财l金玉满堂l茅塞顿开lLove me, love my doglWhite nightlSpare no effortslBid farewell to the old and usher in the newlOpen ones eyes/broaden ones horizonlHarmony brings wealthlTreasures fill the homelBe suddenly enlightenedl岁岁平安l三十而立l四十不惑l心想事成l喜忧参半l与时俱进l欲速则不达lPeace all year roundlA man should be independent at the age of thirtylLife begins at fortylMay all your wish come truelMingled hope and fearlAdvance with timeslHaste does not bring successl瑞雪兆丰年l巧妇难为无米之炊l脚踩两只船l不以物喜，不以己悲l活到