大学综合教程第一册Unit4

1、Unit 4 Dealing with AIDSText ComprehensionLanguage WorkNote-writingDictationText ComprehensionPre-readingMain idea / ThemeStructural analysisQuestionsExtensionPre-readingLooking up information What kind of disease do you know AIDS is? 1. about the name an acronym for 2. the cause3. symptoms 4. trans

2、mission and the way to prevent infection 5. diagnosis and treatment 6. a social problem or a medical problem Main idea / ThemeThis narration of the writers personal experience tells how David, the writers best friend, _, what attitude _ took towards David, and how she helped David _.Dealing with AID

3、S strengthens the bond of _ and encourages _ _ growth. suffered from AIDSdeal with AIDSpeople aroundfriendshipemotional andmatureStructural analysisThis narration is organized in a chronological order with the activities and events related in the true story. Para. 1: the beneficial result from deali

4、ng with AIDS and the date when AIDS came into the writers life Para. 2 4: how David caught AIDS and how people around respond to his disease Para. 5 7: the writers positive attitude towards AIDS and her great concern for David Para. 8: the specific date that marked the end of Davids life, the writer

5、s emotions towards Davids death and how he keeps her friends memory alive QuestionsPara. 1: 1. What does the first sentence of Paragraph 1 tell us? 2. The last sentence of Paragraph 1 is a sentence fragment. It is actually part of the preceding sentence. Why does the author separate them from each o

6、ther? Para. 2-4: 3. Why did David hang up on the author, who wanted to talk to him on the phone? 4. How did David, the writers friend, catch AIDS? 5. What attitude did the writer adopt towards David? 6. How did other people react to Davids illness when it was made known? Para. 5-7: 7. What did David

7、 say to the writer one day in the hospital? 8. How did the writer take care of his friend David? Para. 8: 9. How and where did David die? 10. How did the writer feel about his friends death? 11. How does the writer keep Davids memory alive? Extension Film appreciation: Watch the film Philadelphia, s

8、um up the story, have a discussion about the theme, the conflicts, and different peoples attitudes (including yours) towards AIDS and homosexuality.Philadelphia(AIDS and Homosexuality)CharactersAndrew Beckett (Tom Hanks) lawyer of an old Philadelphia law firmJoe Miller (Denzel Washington) lawyerMigu

9、el Alvarez (Antonio Banderas) Andrews male partnerCharles wheeler (Jason Robards) senior partner of the law firmWalter Kenton (Robert Ridgely) senior partner of the law firmSarah Beckett (Joanne Woodward) Andrews motherBelinda Conine (Mary Steenburgen) lawyerPhiladelphia(AIDS and Homosexuality)Story

10、 Andrew Beckett, a lawyer, homosexual, AIDS infection suddenly fired brings the issue to court, accuses the boss of discrimination hires attorney Joe Miller (has a fear of homosexuality; criticized and encouraged by his wife; accepts the job to defend Andrew) works on the case with Joe family suppor

11、t and public support justice done (awarded money by the court for back pay and loss of benefits, for mental anguish and humiliation, and for punitive damages) loses the battle against the diseasePhiladelphia(AIDS and Homosexuality)BackgroundPhiladelphia: “the City of Brotherly Love” (Greek); a city

12、founded on the principles of freedom and religious tolerance a place where the Declaration of Independence and US Constitution were drafted and signedAIDS in late 20th century America: known as Gay-Related Immune Deficiency; a disease considered as something that happened to “other” people, people w

13、ho somehow deserved to be punished for their lifestyle; silence was slowly turned into action as the disease spread among celebrities, artists and sports starsPhiladelphia(AIDS and Homosexuality)Theme: (justice, discrimination, love) Justice should be given to all regardless of their health conditio

14、ns and their sexual orientations. Discrimination in any form should be regarded as something against human spirit. Only love, hope and justice can make the earth a heaven.Conflicts:Disgust vs. RespectPoliteness vs. SegregationBurden vs. SupportIndividual Choice vs. Social AcceptanceLanguage WorkWord

15、s and ExpressionsSentencesGrammarWords and Expressionsstrengthenmaturehang outhang upas tobreak downmake sensehandlestick (sth.) outin fear thatblamego throughkeep (sth.) in/backmarkhold sth./oneself ineducate sb. about/in/on sth.in spiritL1. strengthen v. become or make sth. stronger or more powerf

16、ul 加强，增强 e.g. The Presidents first priority was to strengthen the economy. Were looking for ways to strengthen our sales team. Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years. 我们的友谊逐年加深。我们的友谊逐年加深。 *strength n. the quality or degree of being strong or powerful 力量，力气，实力 e.g. He does weight-tra

17、ining to build up his physical strength. She pulled on the rope with all her strength.L2. mature (1) a. behaving in a sensible adult way; fully grown or developed 成熟的，理智的 e.g. In China a person over 18 years old is considered mature. The human brain isnt fully mature until about age 25. After two ye

18、ars of college, the students have a much more mature attitude. 两年的大学生活过后，这些学生心态成熟多了。两年的大学生活过后，这些学生心态成熟多了。 (2) a. fml. carefully decided, after a time of thought 慎重的，深思熟虑的 e.g. After mature consideration I entered the competition. On mature consideration/reflection we have decided to decline their of

19、fer. (3) v. (cause to) become mature （使）成熟 e.g. Our plans have not yet matured. Her responsibilities matured her at an early age. He matured the novel by constant revision. *maturity n. the quality of behaving in a sensible way like an adult 成熟；the time when a person, animal, or plant is fully grown

20、 or developed 成熟期 e.g. Beth remained calm, showing maturity beyond her 16 years. These insects reach maturity after a few weeks. *maturation n. fml the process of becoming or being made mature 成熟过程 e.g. The excess males must wait until large enough units have been generated through the maturation of

21、 female offspring. L7. hang out infml. spend time somewhere in a casual or relaxed way; visit a place often; spend a lot of time in a particular place 闲荡，玩乐闲荡，玩乐 e.g. Where has he been hanging out these days? I dont really know whom she _.L10. hang up (on sb.) infml. end a telephone call by putting

22、the receiver back (often abruptly); end a telephone conversation by replacing the receiver 挂断电话挂断电话 e.g. I said goodbye and hung up. If a caller is rude, just hang up. Dont _ me I need to talk to you. hangs out withhang up onL12. as to with regard to; on the subject of; concerning 关于，有关，至于，提到关于，有关，至

23、于，提到 e.g. The President asked for opinions as to the likelihood of war. We are puzzled as to how it happened. He is very uncertain _ it is the right job for him. As to correcting our homework, the teacher always makes us do it ourselves. 在我们作业批改的问题上，老师总是让我们自己改。在我们作业批改的问题上，老师总是让我们自己改。cf. as for esp.

24、spoken used to start talking about sb./sth. e.g. As for Jo, shes doing fine. As for the hotel, it was very uncomfortable and miles from the sea.as to whetherL13. break down (1) lose control of ones feelings 感情失去控制感情失去控制 e.g. He _ when he heard the news. She _ when her mother died. (2) (esp. of machi

25、nery) stop working; fail 停止运转，停止运转，坏掉坏掉 e.g. The telephone system has broken down. She was late for the meeting because her car broke down. The elevators in this building are always breaking down. 这栋楼的电梯老是坏。这栋楼的电梯老是坏。broke down and weptbroke down in tears (3) (to cause) to come to an unsuccessful en

26、d; to fail to have any results（使）挫败，（使）（使）挫败，（使）失败失败 e.g. Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. He left London when his marriage broke down. This agreement signed will break down the barriers to free trade. L16. make sense(1) have a clear and understandable meaning 有明确而易理解的意义，意思清楚 e.g

27、. Read this and tell me if it makes sense. No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didnt make (any) sense (to me).cf. make (some) sense of sth. to understand sth., especially sth. difficult or complicated 理解，弄明白，弄懂 e.g. Can you make any sense of this article? Evelyn stared into the dark, tryi

28、ng to make sense of the days events. (2) be sensible; have or show sense; be a wise course of action 合乎情理，明智 e.g. It makes sense to save money while you can. Would it make sense for Sam to live nearer the college? L23. handle(1) to deal with; to cope with or dispose of 处理，解决，应付 e.g. Computers can ha

29、ndle huge amounts of data. It was a difficult situation and he handled it very well. The case is being handled by a top lawyer. 案件正由一位顶级律师处理。案件正由一位顶级律师处理。(2) to touch, lift, or hold with hands; to move by hand 拿，触碰，移动，搬运 e.g. The box is too heavy for me to handle. Customers are asked not to handle t

30、he goods in the shop. Glass handle with care! L31. stick (sth.) out continue to the end of (sth. difficult)（把难事）坚持到底，忍耐到底 e.g. I dont like this course, but Ill stick it out somehow. Although we are faced with many difficulties, we must stick it out and finish the research project on time. 虽然我们面临很多困难

31、，但我们必须坚持到底，按时完成这个研究项目。 I dont know if Ill be able to stick out the evening. 我不知道我能否熬过这个夜晚。L32. for/in fear that/of because of anxiety that/of; in case (of) 由于担心，因为怕 e.g. They all dare not say what was in their mind for/in fear that it might cause trouble. He got to the station early, for fear of mis

32、sing her / that he would miss her. I dare not go there for fear of him seeing me / that he will see me. 我不敢去那里，怕他见到我。L37. blame (1) v. find fault with; censure 责怪，怪罪，把归咎于 *blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事责怪某人 *blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事物 *be to blame (for sth.) 应（为某事）承担责任，该（为某事）受责备 e.g. The re

33、port blames poor safety standards for the accident. I _ being late. One of the computers is broken and shes blaming it on me. The crash _ pilot error. He blamed the children for the failure of their marriage. / He blamed the failure of their marriage on the children. 他把婚姻失败归咎于孩子。他把婚姻失败归咎于孩子。 The chi

34、ldren _ (=should not be blamed for) the failure of their marriage. The child cannot concentrate on his homework. Television is partly to blame. was blamed forwas blamed onwere not to blame for (2) n. responsibility for sth. bad 过失，对坏事所负的责任 *put/lay the blame on. 把过失归咎于，把责任推到上 e.g. The government can

35、not escape blame for the state of the economy. They blamed the accident on the driver of the car. (v. n.) They put/laid the blame for the accident on the driver of the car. We were ready to take/bear the blame for what had happened.L41. go through to suffer or to experience 遭受，经历遭受，经历 e.g. When your

36、e going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. Hes going through a divorce at the moment. The country has gone through too many wars. Must I go through this kind of pain/test again? 我必须再经受这种痛苦我必须再经受这种痛苦/考验吗？考验吗？L52. keep (sth.) in not express (an emotion); restrain sth. 不表露，克制住不表露，克制住

37、e.g. Hearing the news, she could scarcely keep in her excitement. He could hardly keep in his indignation. 他愤怒得难以自持。他愤怒得难以自持。cf. keep sth. back (from sb.) refuse to tell sb. sth., hold sth. back 隐瞒隐瞒 e.g. I got the feeling he was keeping something back (from us). L68. mark v. (1) be a sign of (an im

38、portant change or an important stage in the development of sth.); indicate or denote sth. 标志着 e.g. Todays ceremony marks 100 years of trade between our two countries. The opening of the new factory marked an important stage in the companys development. His death marked the end of an era. 他的死标志着一个时代的

39、结束。他的死标志着一个时代的结束。 (2) to celebrate an important event 庆祝，纪念 e.g. A firework display was organized to mark the 10th anniversary of Hong Kongs return to China. L70. hold sth./oneself in restrain emotions; control sth./oneself 控制，抑制情绪 e.g. The man beat the table hard because he could not hold in his an

40、ger. Hes incapable of holding himself in when he gets extremely excited. 他极度激动的时候便无法控制自己情绪。他极度激动的时候便无法控制自己情绪。L73-74. educate sb. about/in/on sth. give sb. information about a particular subject, or to show them a better way to do sth. 教育某人使之了解有关信息和知识 e.g. This is a campaign to educate the public on

41、the dangers of smoking. Youngsters must _ the dangers of drugs. The public should be educated in how to use energy more effectively. 公众应接受教育，了解如何合理利用能源。公众应接受教育，了解如何合理利用能源。be educated aboutL75. in spirit in ones thoughts or imagination 精神上，在内心 e.g. I cant come to your wedding, but Ill be there in spi

42、rit. (=Ill be thinking about you at the time when it happens) I shall _ (=Ill be thinking about you though I will not be with you physically). Hes 85, but he still feels young in spirit. 他85岁了，但他内心仍感觉年轻。be with you in spiritSentences (paraphrase / rewriting)L3. I was just living life up.L11. , so on

43、ce again I blew it off.L11-12. I confronted him as to why we were not friends any more.L17. Then I felt so bad that we had grown so far apart.L20. David had had unprotected sex once and now had to pay with his life.L26-27. People looked at him as if he had a plague.L31. I couldnt turn my back on him

44、 when he needed me the most.L33. I stuck it out and lost most of my friends.L37-38. There was nothing that I could do but watch him die.L43. So, in times of stress I was the one that had to keep things together.L43-44. I pushed all my emotions aside and was strong for him.L64-65. At night I would wo

45、nder if he would make it through.L69-70. In a way I was glad that it was over, for he was no longer in pain.L70. All the emotions that I had held in came rushing outL73-74. I now educate people about AIDS, which to me is keeping Davids memory alive.L3. I was just living life up. I was enjoying life

46、to my hearts content. L11. , so once again I blew it off. blew sth. off: to treat sb. or sth. as unimportant , so I once again didnt take it seriously (so I once again gave up my effort to talk to him). L11-12.I confronted him as to why we were not friends any more. I faced him bravely, challenging/

47、asking him why we were no longer friends. L17. Then I felt so bad that we had grown so far apart.so: adj. very, extremelyfar apart: widely separated, distant Then I felt extremely sorry that we had become so widely separated. Then I felt very unwell that we had failed to understand each other as a r

48、esult of a complete lack of exchange of feelings, thoughts, etc.L20. David had had unprotected sex once and now had to pay with his life. David had had sex with a girl once. As no protective measures were taken, he contracted/caught AIDS and had been suffering from it. Now he had to pay for it with

49、his life.L26-27.People looked at him as if he had a plague, and our friends from school wanted nothing to do with him. People looked at him as if/though he was a carrier of a plague, and our friends from school did not want to have any connection with him / tried to avoid getting in touch with him.

50、L31.I couldnt turn my back on him when he needed me the most. turn ones back on sb.: refuse to help sb. in need I could not avoid seeing or refuse to help him when he badly needed me. I must see him, contact him and help him whenever he needed me the most. L37-38. There was nothing that I could do b

51、ut watch him die. The only thing I could do was to watch him die. L43. So, in times of stress I was the one that had to keep things together. So in times of great pressure I was the person who had to get things under control.L43-44. I pushed all my emotions aside and was strong for him. I suppressed

52、 my sad feelings and tried all out to give him my support. L64-65. At night I would wonder if he would make it through. make it (through): live through an illness or after an accident, or manage to deal with a very difficult experience At night I would doubt if he would be able to live through the n

53、ight. During the night I often asked myself whether he could survive the night. L69-70. In a way I was glad that it was over, for he was no longer in pain.in a way: to a certain extent but not entirely To some extent, I was delighted that the suffering ended, because he no longer felt pain.L70. All

54、the emotions that I had held in came rushing outhold in: restrain, control, suppress All the emotions that I had controlled or suppressed came bursting out L73-74. I now educate people about AIDS, which to me is keeping Davids memory alive. keep sth. alive: cause sth. to remain living, make sth. con

55、tinue to exist I now impart knowledge about AIDS to people, which is a way of memorizing him or keeping up his memory in my mind. Grammarsome, any, all, every, each and their compoundscountable and uncountable nounsIt / There + be + no use (in) doing sth.1) I never thought that anything could happen

56、 to me or my friends. (L3-4) 2) There was nothing that they could do this time. (L22-23) 3) and our friends from school wanted nothing to do with him. Soon after that they wanted nothing to do with me. (L27-28) 4) realized that our friendship meant everything to me. (L30) 5) There was nothing that I

57、 could do (L37) 6) Everyone said that I must keep a positive attitude for his sake, because attitude means everything. (L41-42)some, any, all, every, each and their compounds7) My mom had had a trip planned for the whole family for some time now, (L45) 8) I still had to be the strong one and keep ev

58、erything in. (L51-52) 9) We talked about my trip and anything else we could think of. (L53) 10) , and every day it became worse. (L63) 11) , so I spent every hour I could in the hospital. (L65) 12) He was everything to me. (L66) 13) All I want you to do is to remember (L59) 14) All the emotions that

59、 I had held in came rushing out (L70) some, any, all, each: a./det.& pron.; every: a./det. indefinite pronouns: (1) some, someone/somebody, something (2) any, anyone/anybody, anything (3) no one, nobody, nothing (4) everyone/everybody, everythingany and no used instead of some in negative sentences:

60、 I havent got any notebooks. / I have no notebooks. any, anyone used instead of some, someone in questions: “Have we got any biscuits?” “Yes, Ive just bought some.” Have you talked to anyone about your problem? some and something (a./pron.) used in questions: offers / suggestions Would you like some