专四词汇语法(完整)

1、专四语言知识专四语言知识Dorothyn题型特点：题型特点：*总共20题，分值20分，时间10分钟*语法题10道，词汇题10道*语法居前，词汇居后n小练：小练：n62. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. (2007专四） A.no more B. not more C. even more D. much more nHe is no more dilig

2、ent than his brother.nHe is not more diligent than his brother.nHe is no less diligent than his brother.和和一样不一样不不超过，不比不超过，不比更更不亚于，和不亚于，和一样一样He is no more than a worker. (just)Not more than 5 students passed the exam. (at most)比如：词汇题n58. We should make a clear _ between competent and proficient for t

3、he purposes of our discussion. （2000） A. separation B. division C. distinction D. difference n56. Being colour-blind, Sally cant make a _between red and green. （2001） A. difference B. distinction C. comparison D. division n63. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) _ room in t

4、he hotels here. (2002) A. empty B. vacant C.free D. desertedn60. During the summer holiday season there are no _ rooms in this seaside hotel.（2003） A.empty B.blank C.deserted D.vacant n57.Jimmy earns his living by _ works of art in the museum.（2004） A. recovering B. restoring C. renewing D. reviving

5、n67 A great amount of work has gone into _ the Cathedral to its previous splendour. （2006） A refreshing B restoring C renovating D renewing n80 The couple has donated a not_ amount of money to the foundation. （2006） A inconsiderable B inconsiderate C inaccurate D incomparable n67. On the road motori

6、sts should be aware of cyclists and be _ towards them. （2008） A. considerable B. considering C. considerate D. consideredn62.He plays tennis to the _ of all other sports.（2004） A. eradication B. exclusion C. extension D. inclusion n68. The bar in the club is for the _ use of its members. （2007）A.ext

7、ensive B.exclusive C.inclusive D. comprehensivenexclusive news / report / store / club nAre we exclusive?语法题n53. She _ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference. (2009) A. had been B. must be C. has been D. must have beenn56. She _ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference. （2007） A.

8、 must be B.had been C.could be D. must have beenn51. _ at in this way, the present economic situation doesnt seem so gloomy. （2000） A. Looking B. Looked C. Having looked D. To look n64. _ at in his way, the situation doesnt seem so desperate. （2007） A. Looking B.Looked C.Being looked D. To look n 45

9、. Intellect is to the mind _sight is to the body.（2001） A. what B. as C. that D.liken53. Nine is to three _ three is to one. （2008） A. when B. that C. which D. what专四特殊句型：专四特殊句型：A is to B what C is to D让步状语从句特殊句型as 引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。 n48. Fool _Jane is, she could no

10、t have done such a thing.（2002） A. who B. as C. that D.like n49. _ I like economics, I like sociology much better.（2003） A. As mush as B.So much C.How much D.Much as n55. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. （2008） A. Much though B. M

11、uch as C. As much D. Though much专四语法总结：专四语法总结：n虚拟语气虚拟语气 n时态与语态时态与语态n主谓一致主谓一致n非谓语动词非谓语动词n情态动词情态动词n定语从句定语从句 （+状语从句状语从句+名词性从句）名词性从句）n反义疑问句反义疑问句n专四特色短语专四特色短语+句型句型n虚拟语气虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气时时 间间 If If 条件句条件句主主 句句过过 去去had donewould/might/could/should + have done现现 在在did / werewould/might/could/should +do

12、将将 来来should dowere to dodid / werewould/might/could/should +don例句：例句：About marriagenIf you had married me before, you would not have gone through such a difficult period.(过去）nIf I were you, I would marry the guy in front of you. （现在）nIf I were a man in the afterworld, I would marry a girl exactly li

13、ke myself. （将来）nIf the sun were to/should rise in the west tomorrow, I would think about marrying you.（将来）n错综条件句：错综条件句： 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：nIf they had worked hard, they would be very tired now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)n

14、If you had married me before，you would not have gone through such a difficult period.nIf you had married me before，you would be very happy now.n虚拟句通常可虚拟句通常可省略省略if，变换形式，即，变换形式，即“were / had / should +主语主语”。 n例句：例句：nIf you had married me before, you would not have gone through such a difficult period.n

15、If I were you, I would take it.nIf I had time right now, I would go with you.nIf it were to/should rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.n宾语从句宾语从句中中：insist, suggest, require, request, demand, propose, maintain, recommend, 等动词表建议、愿望时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气-Should +Vn主语从句主语从句中中：It is + adj. th

16、at 句型中出现形容词如necessary, vital, imperative, critical, crucial, urgent, strange, disappointing, 或过去分词充当的形容词如suggested, proposed, advised, demanded, requested, required等时，that 句中用 should + V表示虚拟。n 定语从句定语从句中。中。n常用句型常用句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语中，定语从句的谓语动词用动词用一般过去时一般过去时(be用用were) Its time that I

17、 picked up my daughter. Its high time we went to bed.n让步状语从句让步状语从句中中 be or nBe it fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting. = Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.nOur civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledgebe it scientific or artistic. 42

18、._, I would marry him all the same. (2004)A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poorn在在if only引导的引导的感叹句感叹句中。中。 If only I were a bird. （现在） If only I had taken his advice. (过去）nWhats more?nwas (were) +to have done （不定式完成式）表示“原来想做而未做”后面通常but（陈述语气）。 nEg.

19、 I was to have arrived home on time, but my car was held up by a bad traffic jam. 55.Linda was _ the experiment a month ago but she changed her mind at the last minute.（2007）A.to start B. to have started C.to be starting D. to have been startingn回想总结回想总结n三时间三时间n一交叉一交叉n一省略一省略n五句子五句子n一特殊一特殊n真题展示：真题展示：

20、n49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there_ quite such a crowd of people there.（2000） A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt ben50. _for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.（2002） A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it n

21、ot n51. “What courses are you going to do next semester?” “I dont know. But its about time _on something.” （2002） A. I d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I m deciding n44._ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? （2004）A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had

22、you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised n51. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. （2005） A. would be B. will have been C. was D. weren60. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against hi

23、m. （2005）A. betrayedtake B. had betrayedtook C. has betrayedtook D. has betrayedtaken52. If only I _play the guitar as well as you! （2006） A would B could C should D mightn54 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests. (2006) A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop n59 It is imperative that

24、 the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. (2006) A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to n54. If only the patient _ a different treatment instead of using the antibodies he might still be alive now. (2007) A.had received B.received C.should receive D. were receiving n65

25、. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of learning difficulties. (2007)A.will continue B.continued C.continue D. continues n52. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now. (2008) A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would getn5

26、2. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn.(2009) A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have beenn60. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay. (2010) A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand inn61. Its getting late. Id rather you _ n

27、ow.(2011) A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leaven54. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? (2013)A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o clock.B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and dont turn till the second t

28、raffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.n63. If it _ tomorrow, the match would be put off. (2013) A. were to rain B. was to rain C. was raining D. had rainedn51. It is essential that he _ all the facts first. (2014) A. is examining B. will examine C. examines

29、 D. examinen58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. (2015) （对比2005) A. will be B. was C. would be D. weren时态时态n基本时态：基本时态：n一般现在、n一般过去、n一般将来、n现在进行、n过去进行、n将来进行、n现在完成、n过去完成、n将来完成、n现在完成进行、n过去完成进行时、n过去将来、n基本时态：基本时态：n一般现在、n一般过去、n一般将来、n现在进行、n过去进行、n将

30、来进行、n现在完成、n过去完成、n将来完成、n现在完成进行、n过去完成进行时、n过去将来、I was doing the shopping this moment yesterday.I will be flying over the Atlantic this moment tomorrow.The train had gone before I arrived.The construction of bridge had been completed by the year 2007.The construction of bridge will have been completed b

31、y the year 2010.I have been learning English for 10 years.n真题展示：真题展示：n43. For some time now, world leaders_ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.（2002） A. had been pointing B. have been pointing C. were pointing D. pointed n42. Jack _from home for two days now, and I am beginning to wor

32、ry about his safety.(2003) A.has been missing B.has been missed C.had been missing D.was missed 54. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （1999） Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called52. I _ ping-pong quite well, bu

33、t I havent had time to play since the new year. (1998) A. will play B. have playedC. playedD. play说明说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。n63. In his plays Shakespeare _ his characters live through their language. （2008） A. would make B. had made C. m

34、ade D. makesn62. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. (1999) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left n55 The student said there were a few points in the essay he _ impossible to comprehend. (2006) A has found B was finding C had found D would findn46. AIDS

35、is said _ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.(2002) A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been nProfessor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year. (1999) A. having made B. making C. to have made D. to maken60.

36、That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. (2005)A. betrayedtake B. had betrayedtook C. has betrayedtook D. has betrayedtake附加习题附加习题 1. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A

37、. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change说明说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展，飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态

38、常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。等。3. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted4. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A had consideredB

39、 has been considering C consideredD is going to consider说明说明：这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在，现在完成进行时表示完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中而且还在进行当中。强调的是强调的是“一直在做一直在做”。说明：说明：她她“一直在考虑返校一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，是现在完成进行时，“还还没作决定没作决定”是现在的结果。是现在的结果。5. The little girl _ her heart out because

40、she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost 6. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone 说明说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具

41、熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。说明说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。7. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. A. Ill goB. Ive goneC. I goD. Im going说明说明：will 和 be going to 的区别8. Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. Awill be call

42、ing Bwill call Ccall Dam to call9. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ when trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killedB. is killedC. was killed D. was killing10. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. A. is to blameB. is going to blame C. is to be blamedD. should bla

43、me说明说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明说明：be to blame 是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。n主谓一致主谓一致n大总结大总结：na great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数nmany a + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数na number of +可数名词复数 谓语用复数nthe number of +可数名词复数 谓语用单数nthe majority of +可数名词复数 谓语用复数neach/every +可数名词单数 谓语用单数nneither/either of +可数名词复数 谓语用单数nmore tha

44、n one +可数名词单数 谓语用单数none and a half +可数名词复数 谓语用单数n临近原则临近原则nEither or nNeither . NornNot only but also nNot butnThere ben非临近原则非临近原则n as well asn with n together withn along with n rather than n besides 改错！改错！1. The president of the company, together with the workers who come from America, are planning

45、 a conference for the purpose of solving the financial problems.2. There are a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.3. Either the principal or his assistants is to attend the meeting.4. The teacher as well as the students like this painting. n集体名词集体名词ncattle、folk 、people 、youth 、police（通常用作复数）

46、 The police have caught the murderer. The people whom you met in the campus yesterday are from England. narmy, audience、class、club、 committee、company、 crowd、family、 party、 staff、 team （根据意思决定单数、复数） The committee meet every Monday. He is on the committee that controls public spending. His family isnt

47、 very large. (对比His family are music lovers.)n表示时间、重量时间、重量 、长度、距离、价值、长度、距离、价值等单位的名词以及概念上属于整体的一个单元的名词虽然形式上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。 Ten years is only a moment in history. Two copies is enough. Three hours is not a long time to wait.n书名、电影名或格言书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语,如果主语是一本书的名字、电影的名字或一个格言等专有名词，谓语动词用单数。 “Gone with th

48、e Wind” is an interesting novel. “The Scent of a Woman” is an awarded film. No Pains, No Gains is a widely quoted proverb.n学科名词做主语,表示学科名称的名词如physics, mathematics, economics, politics, electronics, statistics 做主语，虽然形式上以复数结尾,但应为单数,谓语动词多用单数。 In my opinion, physics is a difficult subject. Politics is an

49、 interesting topic for many men.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致并列结构作主语时的主谓一致Egg and milk is a good breakfast. (这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭，不可分割) Fish and chips(炸鱼土豆片 ) is a popular supper here.当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every或者many a 等限定词时，随后动词常用单数Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.Every boy and gir

50、l in the class is given a copy of the photo.主语后跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引导的结构或词组，取决于主语本身形式。nWhats more?nHe is one of the students in our class who (have/has) passed the CET-4.nHe is the only one of the st

51、udents in our class who (have/has) passed the CET-6.n真题展示真题展示：n62 The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. (2006)A proves B is proving C are proving D prove Statistics is not as difficult as some people think.n52. All the Presidents Men _one of th

52、e important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal. (2007)A.remain B. remains C.remained D. is remaining n50. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because _going to agree upon anything today.(2003) A.neither you nor I are B.neither you nor me is C.neither you nor I am D.neither

53、me nor you aren51.Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, _ for Europe this afternoon.(2004) A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave n非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词考点总结非谓语动词考点总结n不定式不定式n动名词动名词n分词分词n不定式：不定式：n在在 Its + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：句型：n Its easy (difficult, hard,

54、 important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to don Its kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave后加 of sb. to don 动名词：动名词：n1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词必须接动名词做宾语的动词nacknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit,

55、 confess, consider, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, practice, postpone, recall, risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：nI appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad.n 2.动名词做介词短语动名词做介词短语 (to是介词，不是不定式符号)nobject to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be acc

56、ustomed to, be committed to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be (get) used to, get down to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, on the way to。nI am looking forward to visiting your hometown.n分词：分词：n如果非谓语动词跟句子中的逻辑主语呈如果非谓语动词跟句子中的逻辑主语呈主动主动关系，用现关系，用现在分词在分词doing.n如果非谓语动词跟句子中的逻辑主语呈如果非谓

57、语动词跟句子中的逻辑主语呈被动被动关系，用过关系，用过去分词去分词done.nsee 1._ from the mountain, we shouted “how are you doing”. 2._ from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.nWin / defeat 1._ in the war, the state began to break down. 2._ the war, the country began to establish its own financial and political systems

58、.n现在分词作状语特性现在分词作状语特性-时间性。时间性。n与谓语动词与谓语动词同时发生同时发生，用一般时，用一般时doing，n发生发生在谓语动作之前在谓语动作之前时则用完成式时则用完成式having done。nWatching VS Having watched1._ the movie “Titanic”, he couldnt help crying.2._ the movie “ Titanic” for 5 times, he refused to go the cinema with me.nLiving VS Having lived1._ in China for ten

59、years, he took a Chinese girl as his wife.2._ in a small countryside in China, he spent all his time in gardening.n 分词的独立主格结构分词的独立主格结构n分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则分词短语要有自己的逻辑主语，称为分词独立主格结构。分词独立主格结构只是句子的一个部分。如：nAll flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.nDarkness set

60、ting in, the young couple lingered in the bar.It being +名词（代词）名词（代词）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. (1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C.which D. that (2) He wrote a lot of nove