句子成分及基本结构专

1、 五五大基本句型大基本句型 Please correct the wrong sentences. 1. Im writing to everybody some advice about how to keep healthy before the exams.2. It is important for you to keep yourself have a healthy life.3. We are go to bed early and get up early too.4. because is good for our body.5. I hope we will more an

2、d more healthy.6. Its can help you more healthy. writing to you to give some advicekeep you healthyshould go/go because it iswill beIt can help you be more healthy.What makes a sentence?Sentence elements谓语谓语 (v)定语定语 (Attr)(Attr)主语主语 (s) (s) 宾语宾语 (IO,O)(IO,O) 状语状语 (Ad)(Ad) 补语补语 (Cs, Co)(Cs, Co)主主语语谓谓

3、语语Vtlink-VVi宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间)宾语宾语( (直直) )RevisionRevision表语表语 (P)(P) Point 1Point 1 简单句的五种基本类型简单句的五种基本类型 （ five basic sentence patterns) 1. He runs.2. People make history.3. Knowledge is power. 4. He gave me a book.5. We call her Lily.主主+谓谓 ( 基本句型基本句型 一一: :( (主谓主谓) ) 动词动词前！前！ ( (不及物动词不及物动词) )1

4、. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly共同特点共同特点: 谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。状语从句等。 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.They10. He fli

5、es. rose. cooked. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday have goneis playing 基本句型基本句型 二二共同特点：共同特点：谓语动词谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做动词叫做及物动词及物动词。动词动词后！后！（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He

6、 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 基本句型 三共同特点：共同特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成构成复合谓语，复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词才能表达完整的意思。这类

7、动词叫做连系动词。叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：系动词分两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。等等。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等等等 连系动词连系动词后！后！Link-（系动（系动词）词）(表语表语)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The boo

8、k 7. The weather 8. His face is smellsfell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 基本句型基本句型 四四共同特点：共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语两个宾语才才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连通

9、常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（及（及物）物）I（多（多指人）指人） （多指物）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. m

10、y pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 但若要但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语后说间接宾语（人），（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示

11、为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助（需借助to的）的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。等。 基本句型基本句型 五五共同特点共同特点: 动词虽然是及物动词动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完

12、整的意思不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾来补足宾语语, 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语: 位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作可以用作宾语补足语的有名词宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词形容词, 不定式不定式,动名词动名词, 分词分词, 介词短语等。介词短语等。 （及物）（及物） （宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw

13、 the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. (一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in

14、 the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二二) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.(四四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read ne

15、wspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.（二）（二） SVOSV SVOSVSVPSVOSVOCSVOSVOCSVOC(S)VOCSVOCSVIoDo 除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修

16、饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（面以基本句型五（s+v+o+o.c）为例：）为例： We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full

17、 of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的我们发现

18、大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。 不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握掌握动词的类型动词的类型。以。以 get 为例：为例： Hes getting angry. (S V P) He got through the window. (S V O) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) 在句子中在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思词类和词

19、的位置也影响句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。我很容易地找到了这本书。(S V O M） I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C） I have to do something. 我得做点事。我得做点事。 I have something to do. 我有点事做。我有点事做。 5.The palaces were large and beautiful.6.Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting are some of the m

20、ore unusual events.8.I will pick up rubbish from the ground.9.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse.10.I will tell my friends to protect the environment. A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefir

21、e, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S + V A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships. S + V + O According to the current information held by the Chinese authorities, a verdi

22、ct arrived at by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the bird flu research and test centre of Thailand was arbitrary and based on the fact that the virus found in Thailand and Laos was similar to recent finds in southern China, the ministrys statement said. s+link-v+p Firs

23、t put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to stud

24、y at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。词及两个定语从句。S+v+o实际应用实际应用 I He sent me an e

25、-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope实际应用实际应用I _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept实际应用实际应用I _ at the door before entering, please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 实际应用实际应用I _ blood if you c

26、an and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give实际应用实际应用IThe manager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known 实际应用实际应用I7. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the r

27、eader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 实际应用实际应用I Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seiz

28、ed; disappearing 实际应用实际应用IThe flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smelt实际应用实际应用I English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 实际应用实际应用IReading is an experience quite different from wat