基础英语2unit10ex

1、EXERCISESUNIT TENnPart In1-10: DABAC DBBCBn11-20:CBADA DCBBDn21-30: AACAD DBCBA nattainteinnvt.(通过努力)获得；达到(目的)；完成(任务等)；取得(成就)，得到：to attain ones goods (或 ends, object)n达到目的nto attain honourn得到荣誉nto attain a position of great influencen得到一个很有影响的职位(尤指经过一番努力)到达(时间、空间、地点等)，至：to attain the mountain peakn到

2、达山的顶峰nto attain the age of ninetyn达到90高龄nelevate/lvet/CET6TEM4( elevating, elevated, elevates )n1. V-T When someone or something achieves a more important rank or status, you can say that they areelevated to it. 提拔 正式 usu passiven例：He was elevated to the post of president.n他被提拔到总裁的职位。n2. elevation N

3、-UNCOUNT 提拔n例：The elevation of the assistant coach to the head coaching position within only 9 months was a surprise.n这位助理教练仅仅在9个月内就被提拔到总教练的位置是件令人惊讶的事。n3. V-T If you elevate something to a higher status, you consider it to be better or more important than it really is. 抬高 (地位)n例：Dont elevate your su

4、periors to superstar status.n不要把你的上级抬高到超级明星的地位。n4. V-T To elevate something means to increase it in amount or intensity. 提高 正式n例：Emotional stress can elevate blood pressure.n情绪紧张会使血压升高。n5. V-T If you elevate something, you raise it higher. 举起; 抬高n例：I built a platform to elevate the bed.n我搭了一个台子把床抬高了

5、。boardnV-T When you board a train, ship, or aircraft, you get on it in order to travel somewhere. 登上 (火车、船或飞机) 正式n例：I boarded the plane bound for Boston.n我登上了飞往波士顿的航班。nembark/mbk/CET6TEM4( embarking, embarked, embarks )n1. V-I If you embark on something new, difficult, or exciting, you start doing i

6、t. 开始从事n例：Hes embarking on a new career as a writer.n他正开始一个当作家的新生涯。n2. V-I When someone embarks on a ship, they go on board before the start of a journey. 登上 (船)n例：They embarked on a ship bound for Europe.n他们登上了一艘去欧洲的船。nmount/mant/CET4TEM4( mounting, mounted, mounts )n1. V-T If you mount a campaign

7、or event, you organize it and make it take place. 组织; 发动n例：The ANC announced it was mounting a major campaign of mass political protests.n非国大宣布正在发动一场大型群众性政治抗议运动。n2. V-I If something mounts, it increases in intensity. 增强n例：For several hours, tension mounted.n几个小时中，紧张局势加剧了。n3. V-I If something mounts,

8、 it increases in quantity. 增加n例：The uncollected rubbish mounts in city streets.n城市街道中未被收集的垃圾增多。n4.登上山峰nscend/snd/CET6TEM4( ascending, ascended, ascends )n1. V-T If you ascend a hill or staircase, you go up it. 上 (山、楼梯) 书面n例：Mrs. Clayton had to hold Lizzies hand as they ascended the steps.n上台阶时克莱顿夫人不

9、得不抓着莉齐的手。n2. V-I If a staircase or path ascends, it leads up to a higher position. (楼梯或路) 向上延伸 书面n例：A number of staircases ascend from the cobbled streets onto the ramparts.n若干个阶梯从鹅卵石街道向上延伸到城墙上。n3. V-I If something ascends, it moves up, usually vertically or into the air. (通常垂直地) 向上移动 书面n例：Keep the

10、drill centred in the borehole while it ascends and descends.n当钻头上下钻时，要把钻孔保持在中心。nsortout( sorting, sorted, sorts )n1. PHRASAL VERB If you sortout a group of things, you separate them into different classes, groups, or places, for example so that you can do different things with them. 整理n例：Sort out al

11、l your bills, receipts, invoices, and expenses as quickly as possible and keep detailed accounts.n将你的帐单、收据、发票和花销尽快整理好，并做好详细的账目。n例：Davina was sorting out scraps of material.n戴维娜正在整理零碎的材料。n2. PHRASAL VERB If you sortout a problem or the details of something, you do what is necessary to solve the probl

12、em or organize the details. 解决n例：India and Nepal have sorted out their trade and security dispute.n印度和尼泊尔已经解决了他们的贸易和安全争端。n3. PHRASAL VERB If you sort yourself out, you organize yourself or calm yourself so that you can act effectively and reasonably. 使平静n例：Were in a state of complete chaos here and

13、I need a little time to sort myself out.n我们这儿处于一片混乱之中，我需要一些时间让自己平静下来。ntow/t/CET6TEM4( towing, towed, tows )n1. V-T If one vehicle tows another, it pulls it along behind it. 拖n例：He had been using the vehicle to tow his work trailer.n他一直用那辆车来拖他的活动工作室。n例：They threatened to tow away my car.n他们威胁说要拖走我的车。

14、nperishperinvi.枯萎；凋谢：枯萎；凋谢：Manyflowersperishedinthestorm.n大风雪使许多花朵凋谢。大风雪使许多花朵凋谢。灭亡；消灭：灭亡；消灭：TheancientAztecculturehasallperishednow.n古代阿兹台克文化现在已经全部消亡了。古代阿兹台克文化现在已经全部消亡了。死去死去(尤指暴卒、夭折尤指暴卒、夭折)：ManyChinesepeopleperishedintheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan.n许多中国人在抗日战争中死去。许多中国人在抗日战争中死去。(食物等食物等)腐败；腐烂；腐败；腐烂；(橡胶

15、、皮革等橡胶、皮革等)硬化毁坏：硬化毁坏：Therubberbeltonthismachinehasperished.n这台机器上的橡胶皮带已经失去弹性。这台机器上的橡胶皮带已经失去弹性。nvt.消灭；杀死；使死去：消灭；杀死；使死去：Wewereperishedwithcold.n我们冻得要死。我们冻得要死。Theheavyrainperishedallthecrops.n大雨把所有庄稼都淹死了。大雨把所有庄稼都淹死了。常用被动语态常用被动语态使非常困苦；使麻木：使非常困苦；使麻木：Letseatsomething,weareperishedwithhungry.n让我们吃点东西，我们饿得要

16、命。让我们吃点东西，我们饿得要命。n1、damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的，通常指损坏的程度不那么严重，还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。如：nThe car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt汽车在事故中损坏不严重，但却有五个人受了重伤。nThe earthquake damaged several buildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。nHer

17、heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。nWhat they said and did damage the relations between the two countries他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。nThe storm did a lot of damage to the crops.暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。nSmoking has damaged his health badly 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。nSoftwooddamageseasily.软木容易损

18、坏。ndamage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如：nThe earthquake did a lot of damages to the city这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。nAn earthquake sometimes causes great damage.地震有时造成重大损失。n2、destroy ，为常用词, 指“剧烈地破坏”、“使之不存在”或“使之失去效能”，“破坏；摧毁；消灭；毁灭”，通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”，一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽象的东西；。打破(希望, 计划), 使失败，如：；nThat town was destr

19、oyed in a big fire.那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。nThe Nazi wanted to destroy peoples hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazis dream by the power of people纳粹想摧毁人民的希望，最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。nThe fire destroyed all my books.这场大火毁了我的全部书籍。nThe houses were destroyed by a fire a flood, an earthquake.房屋被火灾水灾, 地震所毁

20、。nThe heavy rain destroyed all hope of a picnic.大雨打破了野餐的一切希望。nThe enemy destroyed the city.敌人破坏了这座城市。n3、ruin多用于借喻之中，有时泛指一般性的破坏，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。使破产，如：nMy new coat is ruined我的外套不能再穿了。nThe rain will ruin the crops这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。nI was ruined by that law case; Im a ruined man我被那场官司毁了，我破产了。nHe knocked over a

21、 bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。nShe poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。nI was ruined by that law case.我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。n惯用法：nbe the ruin of成为.毁灭堕落的原因nbring sb. to ruin使某人失败; 使倾家荡产nbring ruin upon oneself自取灭亡ncome to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉nfall to rui

22、n毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉ngo to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉nin ruins成为废墟nruin oneself毁掉自己nin ruins成为废墟，遭到严重破坏nGambling was his ruinthe ruin of him.赌博是他堕落的原因。n4、Spoil vt. (spoilt, spoiled)损坏害, 损伤; 弄坏, 弄脏, 糟踢; 搞糟；使无用；破坏，宠坏, 溺爱; 姑息nOur holidays were spoilt by bad weather.我们假日的乐趣被恶劣天气所破坏。nThey spoil their children.他们宠坏了

23、他们的孩子们。nThe rain has spoilt my painting.雨水毁了我的画。nMankind is warned to stop spoiling the environment.人类受到警告不能再污染环境。ncluster/klst/CET6TEM4( clustering, clustered, clusters )n1. N-COUNT A cluster of people or things is a small group of them close together. (人或物的) 群n例：.clusters of men in formal clothes.

24、n几组身着正装的男人。n2. V-I If people cluster together, they gather together in a small group. (人) 结成群n例：The passengers clustered together in small groups.n乘客们聚集成小群体。ndisruptdisrptnvt.搅乱，扰乱，使混乱；使动荡搅乱，扰乱，使混乱；使动荡:The special TV report disrupted regular programming.n一个电视特别报道扰乱了正常节目。nThe bad news disrupted our c

25、onference.n这则坏消息搅乱了我们的会议。使中断；破坏使中断；破坏的完整性的完整性(或统一性或统一性)；打破正常情况；打破正常情况:Telephone service was disrupted for an hour.n电话通讯中断了一个钟头。nThe tornado disrupted broadcasting along the entire coast.n龙卷风使整个沿海的广播都中断了。使分裂；使破裂；使瓦解使分裂；使破裂；使瓦解:The war disrupted the connections of many people.n战争使许多人的联系被割断了。nto disrup

26、t their marriagen使他们的婚姻破裂tranquil/trkwl/n1. ADJ Something that is tranquil is calm and peaceful. 宁静的n例：The tranquil atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home.n这家客栈的宁静氛围让客人们感到宾至如归。n2. tranquillity N-UNCOUNT 宁静n例：The hotel is a haven of peace and tranquility.n这个旅馆是一个宁静的好去处。prospectiv

27、e/prspktv/n1. ADJ You use prospective to describe someone who wants to be the thing mentioned or who is likely to be the thing mentioned. 预期的 ADJ nn例：The story should act as a warning to other prospective buyers.n这篇报道应该可以对其他可能的购买者起到警告作用。n2. ADJ You use prospective to describe something that is likel

28、y to happen soon. 可能很快发生的 ADJ nn例：The terms of the prospective deal are most clearly spelled out in Business Week.n这笔即将达成的交易条款在商业周刊上清楚地阐述了。nshatter/t/( shattering, shattered, shatters )n1. V-T/V-I If something shatters or isshattered, it breaks into a lot of small pieces. 粉碎n例：.safety glass that won

29、t shatter if its broken.n安全玻璃即使破了也不会粉碎。n例：The car shattered into a thousand burning pieces in a 200 mph crash.n这辆轿车在时速200英里的碰撞中裂成了数以千计燃烧着的碎片。n2. shattering N-UNCOUNT 粉碎n例：.the shattering of glass.n玻璃的粉碎。n例：A failure would shatter the hopes of many people.n一次失败会粉碎很多人的希望。n4. V-T If someone isshattered

30、 by an event, it shocks and upsets them very much. 严重打击n例：He had been shattered by his sons death.n儿子的死使他很受打击。ncrackkrknvi.裂，破裂裂，破裂：Dont pour hot water into the glass or it will crack.n不要把热水倒入玻璃杯里，否则杯子会破裂。突然断裂；发破裂声：突然断裂；发破裂声：The branch cracked under the weight of the snow.n树枝在雪的重压下啪地一声折断了。发出噼啪声：The

31、fireworks cracked overhead.n鞭炮在头顶上空噼啪地爆响。nclash/kl/CET4TEM4( clashing, clashed, clashes )n1. V-RECIP When people clash, they fight, argue, or disagree with each other. 发生冲突; 产生矛盾 journalismn例：A group of 400 demonstrators ripped down the front gate and clashed with police.n400名示威者推倒前面的大前门，与警察发生了冲突。n例

32、：Behind the scenes, Parsons clashed with almost everyone on the show.n幕后，帕森斯几乎跟每个参与演出的人都产生过矛盾。n2. N-COUNT Clash is also a noun. 冲突 oft N between/with nn例：There have been a number of clashes between police in riot gear and demonstrators.n穿防暴服的警察和示威者之间发生过多次冲突。n3. V-RECIP Beliefs, ideas, or qualities t

33、hat clash with each other are very different from each other and therefore are opposed. (因信仰、观点或质量不同而) 产生分歧n例：Dont make any policy decisions which clash with official company thinking.n不要做与公司官方理念有分歧的任何政策性决定。n4. N-COUNT Clash is also a noun. 分歧n例：Inside government, there was a clash of views.n政府内部有意见

34、分歧。n5. V-RECIP If one colour or style clashes with another, the colours or styles look ugly together. You can also say that two colours or styles clash. (颜色、风格等) 不协调n例：The red door clashed with the soft, natural tones of the stone walls.n这红色的门与柔和自然色调的石墙不协调。stumblen偶然碰见；偶尔发现(常与 across， on， upon 等连用)：

35、They stumbled on a little bar.n他们无意间发现了一家小酒吧。nto stumble across ones old friendn不期遇到老朋友ntumble/tmbl/CET6TEM4( tumbling, tumbled, tumbles )n1. V-I If someone or something tumbles somewhere, they fall there with a rolling or bouncing movement. 摔倒n例：A small boy tumbled off the porch.n一个小男孩从门廊上摔了下去。n3.V

36、-IIfpricesorlevelsofsomethingaretumbling,theyaredecreasingrapidly.(价格或水平价格或水平)暴暴跌跌journalismn例：Profit after taxes tumbled by half to $15.8 million.n税后利润猛降了一半，跌到了1580万美元。n例：Share prices continued to tumble today on the Tokyo stock market.n东京股市今天的股票价格继续暴跌。n4. N-COUNT Tumble is also a noun. (价格或水平的) 暴跌

37、n例：Oil prices took a tumble yesterday.n石油价格昨天一阵暴跌。nbump/bmp/CET4TEM4( bumping, bumped, bumps )n1. V-T/V-I If you bump into something or someone, you accidentally hit them while you are moving. 撞上n例：They stopped walking and he almost bumped into them.n他们停下了脚步，这下他几乎撞到他们。n例：She bumped her head against

38、a low branch.n她的头撞到一根低矮的树枝上。n2. N-COUNT Bump is also a noun. 碰撞n例：Small children often cry after a minor bump.n小孩子们在轻微的碰撞后常常会哭。n3. N-COUNT A bump is the action or the dull sound of two heavy objects hitting each other. 碰撞; 碰撞声n例：I felt a little bump and I knew instantly what had happened.n我感到了一下轻轻的撞

39、击，立刻就明白发生了什么。n4. N-COUNT A bump is a minor injury or swelling that you get if you bump into something or if something hits you. 肿块n例：She fell against our coffee table and got a large bump on her forehead.n她撞到了我们的咖啡桌跌倒了，前额起了一个大包。n5. N-COUNT A bump on a road is a raised, uneven part. (路面) 隆起部分n例：The t

40、ruck hit a bump and bounced.n卡车开到了路面上一块隆起的地方，颠簸起来。n6. V-I If a vehicle bumps over a surface, it travels in a rough, bouncing way because the surface is very uneven. 颠簸行驶n例：We left the road, and again bumped over the mountainside.n我们离开公路，又一次在山坡上颠簸行驶。nstride/strad/CET4TEM4( striding, strode, strides )

41、n1. V-I If you stride somewhere, you walk there with quick, long steps. 大步走n例：They were joined by a newcomer who came striding across a field.n他们中又来了个新人，那人穿过一块田地大步走过来。n2. N-COUNT A stride is a long step which you take when you are walking or running. 大步n例：With every stride, runners hit the ground wi

42、th up to five times their body-weight.n赛跑者的每一步都以5倍于他们体重的力量撞击地面。n3. N-COUNT If you make strides in something that you are doing, you make rapid progress in it. 进步n例：The country has made enormous strides politically but not economically.n这个国家在政治上取得了巨大进步，但在经济上却没有。n4. PHRASE If you getinto your stride o

43、r hit your stride, you start to do something easily and confidently, after being slow and uncertain. 进入状态n例：The campaign is just getting into its stride.n这场运动刚刚进入状态。n5. PHRASE If you take a problem or difficulty instride, you deal with it calmly and easily. 从容处理某事n例：He took the ridiculous accusation

44、 in stride.n他从容应对那荒谬的指控。nsample/smpl/( sampling, sampled, samples )n4. V-T If you sample food or drink, you taste a small amount of it in order to find out if you like it. 品尝n例：We sampled a selection of different bottled waters.n我们品尝了挑选出来的各种瓶装水。n5. V-T If you sample a place or situation, you experie

45、nce it for a short time in order to find out about it. 体验n例：.the chance to sample a different way of life.n体验一种不同生活方式的机会。nnscrub/skrb/( scrubbing, scrubbed, scrubs )n1. V-T If you scrub something, you rub it hard in order to clean it, using a stiff brush and water. 用力刷洗n例：Surgeons began to scrub the

46、ir hands and arms with soap and water before operating.n外科医生们在手术前开始用肥皂和水清洗他们的手和手臂。n2. N-SING Scrub is also a noun. 用力刷洗n例：The walls needed a good scrub.n这些墙需要一次好好的刷洗。n3. V-T If you scrub dirt or stains off something, you remove them by rubbing hard. (将污渍等从某物上) 用力擦 (除)n例：I started to scrub off the di

47、rt.n我开始用力擦除污物。ncram/krm/( cramming, crammed, crams )n1. V-T If you cram things or people into a container or place, you put them into it, although there is hardly enough room for them. 把塞进n例：Terry crammed the dirty clothes into his bag.n特里把脏衣服塞进了包里。n例：She crammed her mouth with caviar.n她塞了一嘴鱼子酱。n2.

48、V-T/V-I If people cram into a place or vehicle or cram a place or vehicle, so many of them enter it at one time that it is completely full. 挤满; 塞进n例：We crammed into my car and set off.n我们挤进我的汽车，出发了。ninstore储备着，贮存着，准备即将到来，就要到来，必将发生(命运等)等待着In stock/ out of stocknatstaken在危急关头nCall in 作请来、找来、召来解，请人来作某种

49、专业的咨询或帮忙的意思。如：nYour father is ill, you should call in a doctor at once.你父亲病了，应该马上去请个大夫来。nThe police have been called in to help make it clear.n已请来了警察帮忙把这件事弄清楚。nCall on和call at的意思一样，都是拜访访问，但call on后接表示人的名词或代词，call at 后接表示地点或场所的词语。试比较：nI called on the Smiths yesterday.n我昨天拜访了史密斯一家人。nI called at the Sm

50、iths yesterday.n我昨天去了史密斯家。nI called on the doctor yesterday.n我昨天去拜访了医生。nI called at the doctors yesterday.n我昨天去了医务室。n另外，call on还可以号召，后面往往接动词不定式作宾语补主语。如：nThe headmaster called on the students to work harder.校长号召学生们更努力地学习。nCall for 有几个不同的意思：1作作要求要求、需要需要、提倡提倡解解。如： Success calls for hard work.成功要靠勤奋。Peo

51、ple are calling for the freedom of all slaves.人们要求解放所有奴隶。The work calls for a lot of time.这项工作需要大量时间。2表示接（某人）、来取（某物）。如：Ill call for you at sever this evening.今晚七点我来接你。We call for the package at the post office.我们到邮局去取包裹。3表示喊着要人取来，相当于ask for。如：The man sat down and called for a glass of beer.那人坐下来，要了一

52、杯啤酒。nCall up是打电话之意，相当于ring up或telephone或phone。 如：Ill call you up tomorrow.我明天给你打电话。另外，call up 还有回想起之意。如：Your letter called up the days when we worked together.你的信使我回想起我们一同工作的日子nblowover(暴风雨等)平息；(云等)吹散，消散，消失：The storm has blown over.n暴风雨已平息了。停止；(危机等)过去；(异议、反对、丑闻等)消失，消除作此义解时主语常为某种令人不快的事情或情况被忘掉，被遗忘，被淡忘

53、：n丑闻被遗忘了。nThe scandal blew over.吹倒：His bicycle was blown over by the wind.n他的自行车被风吹倒了。nblowoff放出(热水、蒸汽、能量等)；(蒸汽等)冲出，喷出：The gas is blowing off.n煤气正在泄露。口语用激烈的言语(或行动)缓解(紧张等)；发泄(压抑的感情、精力等)：to blow off a lot of steam about excess taxesn对苛捐重税大发牢骚刮掉，(被)吹掉，(风等)吹走，被风吹起；把吹离：The house had its roof blown off.n房

54、顶被风刮走了。(被被)炸掉：炸掉：had ones leg blown off by a bombn某一条腿被炸弹炸飞了nblowup( blowing, blew, blown, blows )n1. PHRASAL VERB If someone blows something up or if it blowsup, it is destroyed by an explosion. 爆炸n例：He was jailed for 45 years for trying to blow up a plane.n他因图谋炸飞机而被监禁了45年。n2. PHRASAL VERB If you b

55、lowup something such as a balloon or a tyre, you fill it with air. 给充气n例：Other than blowing up a tyre I hadnt done any car maintenance.n除了给一个轮胎充气外，我没有做过任何汽车保养。n3. PHRASAL VERB If a wind or a storm blowsup, the weather becomes very windy or stormy. (风、暴风雨) 大作n例：A storm blew up over the mountains.n山上狂

56、风大作。n4. PHRASAL VERB If you blowup at someone, you lose your temper and shout at them. 大发脾气 非正式n例：Im sorry I blew up at you.n对不起，我冲你发脾气了。n5. PHRASAL VERB If someone blows an incident up or if it blowsup, it is made to seem more serious or important than it really is. 夸大n例：Newspapers blew up the stor

57、y.n报纸夸大了这个故事。n例：The media may be blowing it up out of proportion.n媒体可能对此事很大程度地夸大其词。nblowout( blowing, blew, blown, blows )n1. PHRASAL VERB If you blowout a flame or a candle, you blow at it so that it stops burning. 吹灭n例：I blew out the candle.n我吹灭了蜡烛。nthe highest mountain是句子的主语，与动词compare是动宾关系，因此要用过

58、去分词nWhen (it is) compared with the size of nI非谓语动词不同形式的基本用法。非谓语动词不同形式的基本用法。n现在分词可以用作状语、定语和表语。例如：nThe film is exciting. (表语)nThe exciting film attracted the children very much. (定语)nHaving finished the homework, children went to the playground to play basketball. (状语)nThe problem being discussed is what they are concern