2021年高三英语考点汇总：七选五

1、 免费学习资料 囊括小初高九大学科（知识点/练习题/模拟卷/真题卷/学霸笔记）【题型分析】 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句而成章，积章而成篇。就是这个道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章

2、结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。【解题步骤】步骤1在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝

3、试以下四步走。1. 先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。【巧学妙记】（一名(名词)袋（代词）鼠（数次）很特殊（特殊疑问词），连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。）2. 要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。3. 一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。4. 将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。答题技巧细节类题型解题技巧(词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接)1.词汇的衔接包括：（1)词汇复现复现，是保证

4、文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。（2)同范畴词出现同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。(3)代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代

5、单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。2.逻辑关系的衔接 过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A, 并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),.；First, then/next,.；In the first place， in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。B, 递进关系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,

6、whats more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also等。C, 解释例证关系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such .that .,so that .等E, 转折对比关系

7、：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等F, 概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。3.篇章结构类

8、题解题技巧根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 1)如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 （2)如果问题在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。备考策略： 注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。 注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的

9、名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。 注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。 将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。步骤2（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为开门见山与末尾点题的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如

10、果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为结尾总结式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。

11、能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。解题策略（1）从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基

12、础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。（2）从词汇上锁定线索 做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。（3）从关联词作为切入点 通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一

13、般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关联词，请大家一定要背熟：（i）并列与递进：and, or, also，neither.nor., either.or., likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore

14、, moreover, in addition to ,what is more（ii）因果：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so.that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course（iii）转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortu

15、nately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of （ii）时间顺序：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, seco

16、nd, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。5. 试题的位置不同，解题策略也不同（1）若问题在段首 （i）通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。 （ii）与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会有某种的衔接手段。 （iii）段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来

17、，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。（2）若问题在段尾 （i）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 （ii）通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, hence,thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 （iii）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 （vi）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求

18、补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此 根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一 句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。（i）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。（iv）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来

19、，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。（3）若问题是一整个自然段 （i）承上启下是这个段落的主要任务，且自成一体，所以会有一个该段落主旨。考生可以从选项中较长的选项开始阅读，以此类推直至找到正确答案。 （ii）着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头， 因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。 （iii）分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。简单来说，最主要的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构，2.在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出

20、符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。Passage 1Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” _36_ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good._37_ If the air youre breathing is clean-which

21、it would be if youre away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently，people have begun studying the connection

22、between the natural world and healing(治愈). _38_ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who

23、see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. _39_ It gives us a great feeling of peace._40_While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut stil

24、l protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Anothe

25、r side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，

26、阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。36. E 【解析】根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。37. A 【解析】根据下一句中提到的“If the air youre breathing is cleanthe air

27、is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。38. G 【解析】根据下一句中提到的“these place

28、s”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。39. C 【解析】前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。故C选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。40. D 【解析】根据下文中提到的“the suns raysgive us beneficial

29、 Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。Passage 2 Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. _36_L

30、ike the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided._37_ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your youre your goalsYou also

31、need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. _38_ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move fo

32、rward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible._39_ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circums

33、tances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough._40_You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You c

34、annot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.A. This can affect your work.B. So how should you motivate yourself?C. However, this should not discourage you.D. So why should we try to set specific goals?E. They can chan

35、ge according to circumstances.F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。36. G 【解析】上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。37. B 【解析】下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现

36、你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。38. A 【解析】上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。39. E 【解析】上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。40. C 【解析】上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选C。Passage 3 In

37、an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. _36_ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.Dos _37_ Quest

38、ions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight. Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue

39、. _38_ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.Donts Dont share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension,

40、simply explain the situation to the professor. _39_ Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class. _40_ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability, b

41、e sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.A. Thats what they are for.B. Turn to an online instructor for help.C. If more information is needed, they will ask.D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E. Below are some common dos and don ts for online learners

42、.F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。36. E 【解析】根据文章段落结构和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is ver

43、y important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故选项E符合语境。37. G 【解析】根据其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与G项“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选G。38. A 【解析】根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, b

44、logs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。39. C 【解析】根据本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故选项C符合语境。40. F 【解析】通读本段，并根据本段主题句Dont openly expre

45、ss annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选项F符合上下文语境。Passage 4Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._46_C

46、ompanies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？_47_They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talen

47、t；above that level, the teams performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isnt evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its m

48、embers to coordinate(协调)their actions._48_In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team perfo

49、rmance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the teams performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“Th

50、ere is no I in TEAM.”_49_Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force._50_.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a

51、few generous B players as well.A. Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talentC. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmans

52、hip.E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要

53、一种平衡不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。46. B 【解析】上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。47. E 【解析】下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。”该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。48. G 【解析】上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒

54、球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。49. D 【解析】上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。50. F 【解析】下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。Passage 5Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music gr

55、oups, they make very different music. _31_ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.

56、 _32_ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year._33_ They were n

57、ot sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. _34_ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. _35_A. They decid