《英语句子成分分析》ppt课件

1、句子成分句子成分定义定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语主语subject句子阐明的人或事物句子阐明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went ou

2、t in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. 名词名词 代词代词 数词数词不定式不定式 动名词动名词 名词化的描画词名词化的描画词 句子句子找出句中主语找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living i

3、n the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.名词名词 代词代词数词数词动名词动名词 不定式不定式 句子句子(名词化的描画词名词化的描画词It方式主语，主语从句是真正主语方式主语，主语从句是真正主语谓语谓语阐明主语的动作、形状和特征阐明主语的动作、形状和特征 简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组

4、成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词; He can speak English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to

5、see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? 名词名词 ( 代词(数词数词)(名词化的描画词名词化的描画词)(三三)宾语宾语动作的对象或接受者动作的对象或接受者及物动词及物动词或介词的宾语或介词的宾语不定式不定式动名词动名词句子句子 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物或事物或事,间接宾语指人或动物间接宾语指人或动物. He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语please pass me the book.He b

6、ought his girlfriend some flowers.四表语四表语在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease. 闲适，自在自在五定语五定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句或从句 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. T

7、here are 54students in our class. Do you known bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.(描画词描画词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的一切格名词的一切格)(动名词动名词)(如今分词如今分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置：定语后置：假设定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要假设定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常那么

8、后置通常那么后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now? 六状语六状语状语的功用：状语阐明地点、时间、状语的功用：状语阐明地点、时间、缘由、目的、结果、条件、方向、缘由、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随情况等。程度、方式和伴随情况等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the p

9、layground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. I found

10、 the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. 六宾语补足语六宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，阐明宾语的，还要有一个宾语补足语，阐明宾语的身份和形状以补充其意义缺乏，使句子身份和形状以补充其意义缺乏，使句子的意义完好。这类常用的及物动词有的意义完好。这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. She asked

11、me to lend her a hand.同位语同位语 位于名词或代词后面，阐明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，阐明它们的性质和情况 We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句Exercises:分析句子构造分析句子构造1You are a student.2He felt happy today

12、.3What you said made me happy.4Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5After he finished his homework, he went away.6He likes pop music.7The sound sounds strange.8The food tastes good.9He gave me a book yesterday. 10We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. 人称代词人称代词 I我我 yo

13、u他他 he他他 she她她 they他们他们 me我宾格我宾格you他宾格他宾格him他宾格他宾格her她宾格她宾格them他们宾格他们宾格 物主代词物主代词 my我的我的 his他的他的 your他的他的your他们的他们的 their他们的他们的 her她的她的 指示代词指示代词 this这这 that那那 these这些这些 those 那些那些 反身代词反身代词 myself我本人我本人 himself他本人他本人 themselves他他们本人们本人 疑问代词疑问代词 who谁谁 what什么什么 which哪个哪个 不定代词不定代词 some一些一些 many许多许多 both两

14、个；两个都两个；两个都 关系代词关系代词 which的物的物 who的人的人 that的人的人或物或物 who谁谁 that引导定语从句引导定语从句 相互代词相互代词 each other 相互相互 one another相互相互 衔接代词衔接代词 who, whom, whose,what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 系动词系动词1形状系动词形状系动词be动词动词 例如：例如： He is a teacher. is与补足语一同阐明主语的身份。与补足语一同阐明主语的身份。 2继续系动词继续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如：例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总坚持沉默。他开会时总坚持沉默。3表像系动词表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如：例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。他看起来很累。 4感官系动词感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。这种布手感很