必修五英语课本知识点话题科普知识

1、话题话题21 科普知识科普知识基础知识自测基础知识自测一、单词识记一、单词识记 1. _ n.宇宙宇宙; 世界世界2. _ n.受害者受害者3. _ n.附近附近; 邻近邻近4. _ adj. 严重的严重的, 剧烈的剧烈的5. _ n.特征特征; 特性特性characteristic universevictimneighborhoodsevere6. _ vt.照顾；出席；参加照顾；出席；参加7. _ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心吸收；吸引；使专心8. _ vt.预见；预知预见；预知9. _ adj.积极的；肯定的积极的；肯定的10. _ vt.打败；战胜打败；战胜 n.失败失败defeat a

2、ttendabsorbforeseepositive11. _ n.治愈治愈 vt.治愈治愈12. _ n.柄；把手柄；把手vt.处理处理13. _ vt.怀疑怀疑 n.嫌疑犯嫌疑犯14. _ n.挑战挑战 vt.挑战挑战15. _ adj.熟练的熟练的 n.专家专家expertcurehandlesuspectchallenge二、单词拓展二、单词拓展 (A)单词派生单词派生1. _ n. 科学科学 _ n. 科学家科学家 _ adj. 科学的科学的2. _ vt. 分析分析 _ n. 分析分析 analysissciencescientistscientificanalyse3. _ vt

3、. 污染；弄脏污染；弄脏 _ adj. 受污染的受污染的 _ n. 污染污染pollute pollutedpollution4. _ vt. 命令；指示；教导命令；指示；教导 _ n. 指示；教导指示；教导instructinstruction5. _ vt. 结束结束 _ n. 结束结束; 结论结论6. _ n. 小心小心; 谨慎谨慎 _ adj. 小心的小心的; 谨慎的谨慎的cautious concludeconclusioncaution(B)灵活运用灵活运用1. He needed more _ (science) experiments to support his theory

4、.1. 形容词作定语。形容词作定语。2. She has come to the _ (conclude) that he does not love her at all.2. 名词作宾语。名词作宾语。scientificconclusion3. He fell ill because of eating the _ (pollute) seafood.3. 形容词作定语。形容词作定语。4. The _ (analyse) of the food showed the presence of poison.4. 名词作主语。名词作主语。5. Follow the _ (instruct) w

5、hen you operate the machine. 5. 名词作宾语。名词作宾语。pollutedanalysisinstructions1. _ 提出提出2. _ 讲得通；有意义讲得通；有意义3. _ 使显露；暴露使显露；暴露4. _ 将将和和联系起来联系起来三、短语翻译三、短语翻译 link .to . put forward make sense expose .to 5. _ 除除之外之外； 此外此外6. _ 对对严格严格7. _得出结论得出结论8. _导致；引起导致；引起lead to apart from(be) strict withdraw a conclusion9.

6、_ 失去控制失去控制10. _受责备受责备11. _ 在建设中在建设中12. _ 结束结束come to an endout of controlbe to blame be under construction 四、课文回顾四、课文回顾 John Snow was a well-known physician in London in the 19th century. 1_ famous was he that he even attended Queen Victoria to ease the 2_ (bear) of her babies. However, he decided t

7、o defeat cholera, a deadly disease at that time when he saw thousands of people 3_ (expose) to it died every time there was an outbreak. So birth exposed In 1854 when cholera broke out，he began to gather information and marked on a map 4 _ all the dead people had lived. He found many people who had

8、drunk 5_ dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He found a woman and 6 _ daughter who had the water delivered from the pump every day died of cholera after drinking the water. where the her 7_ this extra evidence John Snow announced that the polluted w

9、ater was 8 _ (blame). He suggested the source of all water supplies 9_ (examine) and new methods of dealing 10_ water be found. Finally，“King Cholera” was defeated.With to blame be examined with 五、语段改错五、语段改错 John Snow is a famous doctor in Londonso expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria for

10、 her personal physician. But he becameinspiring when he thought about help ordinarypeople exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of their day. wasasinspiredhelpingitsNeither its cause or its cure was understood. Somany thousand of terrified people died everytime there was the outbreak. John

11、 Snow wantedto face the challenge and to solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlleduntil its cause found. was northousandsan1. is was 据上下文可知一般过去时，据上下文可知一般过去时，描述过去发生的事情。描述过去发生的事情。2. for as 表示表示“作为作为”。3. inspiring inspired 指人指人“感觉振奋感觉振奋的的”，用，用inspired，而不能用，而不能用inspiring (令令人振奋的，

12、激励人心的人振奋的，激励人心的)。 4. help helping 在介词在介词about后后, 动词动词help要加上要加上-ing。5. their its 指代前面的指代前面的“the deadly disease”，用单数。，用单数。6. or nor 因因neithernor (既不既不也也不不)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。7. thousand thousands 因这里因这里thousands of是非确切数，要加是非确切数，要加“s”。8. the an 指指“每次霍乱一爆发每次霍乱一爆发”，没有，没有特指，无需用特指，无需用the，outbreak以元音开头，以元音开头，用用an

13、。9. 去掉去掉solve前面的前面的to 因前半句已经有因前半句已经有“to”了，故了，故to无需重复。无需重复。10. 在在found前加上前加上was 被动语态，一般过被动语态，一般过去时，故在去时，故在found前加上前加上was。重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练1. cure vt. 治愈治愈; 矫正矫正 n. 治愈治愈; 疗法；措施疗法；措施(for)原句原句 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知人们既不知道它的病源道它的病源, 也不了解它的治疗方也不了解它的治疗方法。法。(B5P2)例句例句 Up till now, P

14、eople have not found an effective cure for AIDS. 到目前为止到目前为止, 人们还没有人们还没有找到治疗艾滋病的有效方法。找到治疗艾滋病的有效方法。cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的治好某人的(疾疾病、坏习惯等病、坏习惯等)a cure for治疗治疗的方法的方法药物药物搭配搭配运用运用 Her son was addicted to the computer games and she had to _ (使他改掉使他改掉 这个习惯这个习惯). The government is finding a cure _ the severe

15、pollution. cure him of the habitfor原句原句 The second suggested that people absorb this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。种病毒引入体内的。(B5P2)2. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引吸收；吸引(注意力注意力)例句例句 Dark clothes absorbed light easily. 深色衣服容易吸收深色衣服容易吸收光线。光线。搭配搭配 be absorbed in全

16、神贯全神贯注于注于, 专心致志于专心致志于运用运用 当我进来时当我进来时, 他正聚精会神地看小说他正聚精会神地看小说。When I entered, he _ _ a novel. 我们可以从广泛的阅读中吸收许多有我们可以从广泛的阅读中吸收许多有用的东西用的东西。We can _ from extensive reading.was absorbed inreadingabsorb a lot of useful things3. be to blame (for sth.) (为某为某事事)应受责备应受责备/承担责任承担责任原句原句 It seemed that the water was

17、to blame. 看来水是看来水是罪魁祸首。罪魁祸首。(B5P2)例句例句 Mr. Smith was to blame for the accident. 史密斯先生史密斯先生 要为事故负责。要为事故负责。搭配搭配 blame sb. for sth.为某事为某事责备某人责备某人(1) 那次事故怪不得那次事故怪不得Tom, 毕竟他还是毕竟他还是个孩子。个孩子。Little Tom was not_ for the accident. After all, he is only a child. (2) His mother blamed him _ his dishonesty.for t

18、o blame 运用运用4. put forward 提出提出; 提前提前; 被提名被提名原句原句 Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出关于黑洞的谁提出关于黑洞的理论？理论？(B5P1)例句例句 He often puts forward some useful advice. 他总能提出一些有用的他总能提出一些有用的建议。建议。 We have to put the meeting forward by two weeks.(_ )Dr. King put forward a suggestion that talented stud

19、ents should be placed in special classes. (_ )运用运用 说出下列句子画线部分的意思。说出下列句子画线部分的意思。 将将提前提前 提出建议提出建议 His name was put forward for the Chairman of the Students Union. (_) 被推荐被推荐/提名提名原句原句 Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的结除了上面提到的结构构, 你还学了下列词组。

20、你还学了下列词组。(B5P4)例句例句 Apart from school work, I spend my spare time in singing and angling.除了除了学校功课外，我业余时间还唱歌画画。学校功课外，我业余时间还唱歌画画。5. apart from除了除了以外，都；除以外，都；除外，还外，还用法用法 apart from是短语介词是短语介词, 既相既相当于当于besides /in addition to /as well as, 又相当于又相当于except (for)。运用运用 用用besides，except，except for替代替代apart fro

21、m。 Apart from the cost, time should also be considered.( _)Besides (In addition to) Apart from a few mistakes, it is a good composition.( _ ) Apart from the ending, its really a good film. (_ )Except (Not including)Except for 6. be strict with sb. (in sth.) (在某在某方面方面)对某人严格要求对某人严格要求原句原句 I need to be

22、strict with 我需要对我需要对要求严格要求严格(B5P6)例句例句 You must be strict with yourself in study.你在学习上要对你在学习上要对自己严格要求。自己严格要求。运用运用 填入一个恰当的介词。填入一个恰当的介词。 Our English teacher is very strict _ us _ our homework. My mother is not only strict _ her work but also strict _ me. with withinin写作句型运用写作句型运用原句原句 A woman, who had

23、moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位从宽街搬过来有一位从宽街搬过来的妇女，她特别喜欢那里的水的妇女，她特别喜欢那里的水, 每天都要派每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。人从水泵打水运到家里。(B5P3)1. have sth. done 让某人干某事让某人干某事; 遭遇某事遭遇某事例句例句 Youd better have the machine repaired tomorrow.你最好明天找人

24、来修机你最好明天找人来修机器。器。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文。把下列句子译成英文。 明天我要去理发。明天我要去理发。I will _. 爸爸几天前车被偷了。爸爸几天前车被偷了。My father _a few days ago. have my hair cut tomorrow had his car stolen原句原句 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他

25、把太阳固定在太阳系的他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上中心位置上, 而行星则围绕着太阳转而行星则围绕着太阳转, 只有只有月球仍然绕着地球转。月球仍然绕着地球转。(B5P7)2. with+宾语宾语+非谓语动词非谓语动词例句例句 I cant fall asleep with the baby crying. 婴儿一直在哭婴儿一直在哭, 我睡不着觉。我睡不着觉。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文把下列句子译成英文。 鸟儿在鸣叫鸟儿在鸣叫, 我们在森林里愉快地散步我们在森林里愉快地散步。We walked happily in the forest _ _. 还有很多作业要做还有很多作业要做, 我今晚不能

26、和你去我今晚不能和你去看电影了看电影了。_, I cant go to see the movie with you tonight.With a lot of homework to dothe birds singingwith 作业做完后，我出去踢足球了。作业做完后，我出去踢足球了。With my homework finished, I went out to play football.原句原句 To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supp

27、lies be examined.为了为了阻止这样的事再发生阻止这样的事再发生, 约翰。斯诺建议所有约翰。斯诺建议所有的水源都要检查。的水源都要检查。3. suggest (that) sb. (should) do 建议某人建议某人做某事做某事例句例句 The doctor suggested he have a good rest. 医生建议他要好好休息。医生建议他要好好休息。提醒提醒 没有没有suggest sb. to do sth.句型，但有句型，但有advise sb. to do sth.句型。句型。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文把下列句子译成英文。 他建议我们工作后要好好休息他建议我们工作后要好好休息。_ after work. 她建议你去那里之前先打个电话她建议你去那里之前先打个电话。_ before you go round there.She suggested that you (should) phoneHe suggested that we (should) have a good rest4. Only+副词副词/介词短语介词短语/状语从句，状语从句，后用倒装句型后用倒装句型原句原句 Only if you put the sun there