Something About Pressure Vessels young

1、120162016年年7 7月月8 8日日Something AboutSomething AboutPressure VesselsPressure VesselsBy YoungBy Young原材料检验Raw material inspection成形/焊接Forming/Welding无损检测Nondestructive Examinations热处理heat treatment压力试验Static Pressure TestWORDS1. Forming 1. Forming 成形成形2. Welding 2. Welding 焊接焊接3. 3. NondestructiveNond

2、estructive Examinations Examinations 无损检测无损检测4. heat treatment 4. heat treatment 热处理热处理5. Static Pressure Test5. Static Pressure Test 压力试验压力试验6. 6. miminus nus devidevia ationtion of steel plate of steel plate 钢板负偏差钢板负偏差7. Test 7. Test c couponsoupons 试板试板8. delivered heat treatment condition 8. del

3、ivered heat treatment condition 供货时的热处理状态供货时的热处理状态9. 9. RadiographicRadiographic examination examination 射线检测射线检测10.10.UltraUltras soniconic examination examination 超声检测超声检测The vessel Manufacturer shall have sound Quality System or Quality Control System in compliance with the appropriate rules, reg

4、ulations and decrees issued by the Safety Authorities.容器制造单位应具有符合国家压力容器安全监察机构有关法规要求的质量体系或质量保容器制造单位应具有符合国家压力容器安全监察机构有关法规要求的质量体系或质量保证体系。证体系。Materials for pressure parts shall have identifying marks. During fabrication process, the original marks shall be transferred to each piece prior to cutting off

5、for maintaining traceability of each piece of material to the original identifying marks.凡制造受压元件的材料应有确认的标记。在制造过程中，如原有确认标记被裁掉或材料凡制造受压元件的材料应有确认的标记。在制造过程中，如原有确认标记被裁掉或材料分成几块，应于材料切割前完成标记的移植。分成几块，应于材料切割前完成标记的移植。The transferring measure of identifying marks should be provided by the Manufacturer.For vessel

6、s made of stainless steel plate and clad plate to provide corrosion resistance, the die-stamping for material identifying marks on the corrosion resisting surfaces shall be prohibited.确认标记的表达方式由制造单位规定。确认标记的表达方式由制造单位规定。对于有防腐要求的不锈钢以及复合板制容器，不得在防腐蚀面采用硬印作为材料的确认对于有防腐要求的不锈钢以及复合板制容器，不得在防腐蚀面采用硬印作为材料的确认标记。标记。

7、For ensuring the thickness of completed convex head and hot rolled cylindrical segment not less than the nominal thickness of that pressure part minus the minus deviation of steel plate, the forming allowance shall be determined in accordance with the requirement of forming process.根据制造工艺确定加工裕量，以确保凸

8、形封头和热卷筒节成形后的厚度不小于该部件的名义厚度减去钢板负偏差。Minimum distance between various non-intersection connection welds of head shall be not less than three times the nominal thickness t of the head, and be not less than 100mm. When the head is composed of formed petals and circular shaped top plate, the welds shall be

9、 strictly designed as meridian and circumferential directions (see Fig. 10-s).封封头各种不相交的拼接焊缝中心线间距至少应为封头钢材厚度头各种不相交的拼接焊缝中心线间距至少应为封头钢材厚度t的的3倍，且不小于倍，且不小于100mm。封头由成形的瓣片和顶圆板拼接制成时，焊缝方向只允许是径向和环向的。如图封头由成形的瓣片和顶圆板拼接制成时，焊缝方向只允许是径向和环向的。如图10-2所示。所示。The welds of the head petals that are patched up prior to forming

10、shall be ground flush with the base material prior to forming.先拼版后成形的封头拼接焊缝，在成形前应打磨与母材齐平。先拼版后成形的封头拼接焊缝，在成形前应打磨与母材齐平。Flange face shall be perpendicular to the main longitudinal center line of nozzle or cylinder. Nozzle flange shall be kept horizontally or vertically (any special flange location other

11、 than above requirements shall be prescribed on the drawing). Deviation of nozzle flange shall not exceed 1% of the flange outside diameter (take flange outside diameter as 100mm, if less than 100mm), and be not greater than 3mm.法兰面应垂直于接管或圆筒的主轴中心线。接管法兰应保证法兰面的水平或垂直法兰面应垂直于接管或圆筒的主轴中心线。接管法兰应保证法兰面的水平或垂直(

12、如有特如有特殊要求的按照图样规定殊要求的按照图样规定)，其偏差均不得超过法兰外径的，其偏差均不得超过法兰外径的1%(法兰外径小于法兰外径小于100mm时，按时，按100mm计算计算)，且不大于，且不大于3mm。Bolt holes of flange shall be straddled on the main axis of the vessel (see Fig. 10-9). Any arrangement other than above requirements shall be prescribed on the drawings.法兰的螺栓通孔应与壳体主轴线或铅垂线跨中布置（见图

13、法兰的螺栓通孔应与壳体主轴线或铅垂线跨中布置（见图10-9）。有特殊要求时，应在图）。有特殊要求时，应在图样上注明。样上注明。Limit deviations of linear dimensions for machined surfaces and non-machined surfaces shall be in accordance with the requirements of Class m and Class c in GB/T 1804 respectively.机械加工表面和非机械加工表面的线性尺寸的极限偏差，分别按机械加工表面和非机械加工表面的线性尺寸的极限偏差，分别按G

14、B/T 1804中的中的m级和级和c级。级。Heat treatment used for material property improvement shall be performed in accordance with the requirement prescribed on the drawings. Test coupons of base material requiring heat treatment shall be performed together with that pressure vessel (or parts) in the same furnace.改善

15、材料力学性能的热处理，应根据图样要求所制定的热处理工艺进行。母材的改善材料力学性能的热处理，应根据图样要求所制定的热处理工艺进行。母材的热处理试板与容器（或受压元件）同炉热处理。热处理试板与容器（或受压元件）同炉热处理。When heat treatment condition of delivered material is identical with that in application, the delivered heat treatment condition shall not be damaged to, or else heat treatment shall be rep

16、eated.当材料供货与使用的热处理状态一致时，则在整个过程中不得破坏供货时的热处当材料供货与使用的热处理状态一致时，则在整个过程中不得破坏供货时的热处理状态，否则应重新进行热处理。理状态，否则应重新进行热处理。Test coupons shall be welded by the same welder using the same welding conditions and the same welding procedure as in vessel welding. When the vessel is welded by more than one welder, the weld

17、er for test coupon welding can be appointed by the Inspection Department of the Manufacturer.试板应由施焊容器的焊工，采用施焊容器时相同的条件和相同的焊接工艺焊接。试板应由施焊容器的焊工，采用施焊容器时相同的条件和相同的焊接工艺焊接。多焊工焊接的容器，做焊接试板的焊工由制造单位的检验部门指定。多焊工焊接的容器，做焊接试板的焊工由制造单位的检验部门指定。When last circumferential enclosed weld between head an cylinder of diameter

18、not greater than 800mm is welded by single butt joint without backing strip, and cannot be examined by radiographic or ultrasonic method, the examination for that weld may be exempted, but gas shielding shall be used in root welding process.对容器直径不超过对容器直径不超过800mm的圆筒与的圆筒与封头封头的最后一道环向密闭焊缝，当采用不带的最后一道环向密闭

19、焊缝，当采用不带垫板的单面对接接头，垫板的单面对接接头， 且无法进行射线或超声检测时，允许不进行检测，但需且无法进行射线或超声检测时，允许不进行检测，但需采用气体保护焊打底采用气体保护焊打底。When the unacceptable defects are disclosed at welded joints by radiographic or ultrasonic examination, the welded joints shall be repaired by welding after defects removed, and be reexamined by the same

20、method as before until meeting the quality requirements.经射线或超声检测的焊接接头，如有不允许的缺陷，应在缺陷清除干净后进行补经射线或超声检测的焊接接头，如有不允许的缺陷，应在缺陷清除干净后进行补焊，并对该部分采用原检测方法重新检查，直至合格。焊，并对该部分采用原检测方法重新检查，直至合格。Pressure in testing shall be raised gradually up to specified test pressure, and be held for a period not less than 30 minutes

21、. Then, release to 80% of the test pressure and hold it long enough for inspection at all welded joints and connections. If leak occurs, it shall be retested after leak corrected.实验时压力应缓慢上升，达到规定实验压力后，保压时间一般不少于实验时压力应缓慢上升，达到规定实验压力后，保压时间一般不少于30分钟。然分钟。然后将压力将至规定试验压力的后将压力将至规定试验压力的80%，并保持足够长的时间以对所有焊缝接头和连，并

22、保持足够长的时间以对所有焊缝接头和连接部位进行检查。如有渗漏，修补后重新试验。接部位进行检查。如有渗漏，修补后重新试验。Rule (规则规则):Rules are instructions that tell you what you are allowed to do and what you are not allowed to do.Regulation (规则、法规规则、法规):Regulations are rules made by a government or other authority in order to control the way something is do

23、ne or the way people behave.Decree (法令法令):A decree is an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a country.rule VS regulation VS decreeDeviation (偏差偏差):Deviation means doing something that is different from what people consider to be normal or acceptable.Allowance (裕量裕量) :A particular type of allowance is an amount of something that you are allowed in particular circumstances. Tolerance (公差公差) : If someone or something has a tolerance to a substance, they