名词种类及单复数变化

1、 个体名词：个体名词： boy, girl, teacher, school, boy, girl, teacher, school, book, room, pen, pencil, desk, book, room, pen, pencil, desk, appleapple 具体可见的，可以数出数量的个体。具体可见的，可以数出数量的个体。二二. . 名词种类与名词的数名词种类与名词的数1 1）所有的专有名词都是不可数名词。）所有的专有名词都是不可数名词。 2 2）个体名词通常都是可数的。）个体名词通常都是可数的。 3 3）集体名词和成双成对的名词永远用作复数。）集体名词和成双成对的名词永

2、远用作复数。 people, police, trousers, glasses people, police, trousers, glasses 4 4）物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。）物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。特殊情况：特殊情况：. .有些名词有些名词, ,如如: family, class, team: family, class, team等既可等既可 用作单数又可用作复数。用作单数又可用作复数。 当强调整体时，常用作单数；当强调整体时，常用作单数； 当强调整体中的各个成员时，常为复数。例：当强调整体中的各个成员时，常为复数。例： The family is quite bi

3、g. The family is quite big. 这是个大家庭。这是个大家庭。 The family are enjoying themselves in the The family are enjoying themselves in the park. park. 家里的每个人都玩得很高兴。家里的每个人都玩得很高兴。2 2）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数 词，但词义有所不同。词，但词义有所不同。sand sand 沙沙 sands sands 沙滩沙滩 wood wood 木头木头 woods woods 森林森林 fish fish 鱼肉鱼

4、肉 fish fish 鱼鱼 orange orange 橙汁橙汁 an orangean orange桔子桔子 chicken chicken 鸡肉鸡肉 a chickena chicken小鸡小鸡 room room 空间、余地空间、余地a rooma room房间房间三三. 可数名词复数变化规则可数名词复数变化规则 Sum up:以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的名词,在其词尾加espotatosome potatoestomatofive tomatoesSum up: 以辅音字母加结尾的名词，在其词尾加es.但photo、piano(钢琴)除外，photos, pianos.knifef

5、our knivesleafsome leavesSum up:以f或fe结尾的名词要将f或fe变为V再加es.babyfivebabiesboythreeboys以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要变y为i再加es.4. 4. 以以f f或或fefe结尾的词，多数变结尾的词，多数变f f为为v v，再加，再加-es-es，如：，如： knifeknivesknifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves leafleaves, halfhalves 5.5.以辅音母加以辅音母加y y结尾的词变结尾的词变“y”y”为为“i”i”，再加，再加-es,-es,如：如： cityciti

6、es, factoryfactories citycities, factoryfactories 但注意：以元音字母加但注意：以元音字母加y y结尾的名词的复数形式只加结尾的名词的复数形式只加s s， 如：如：boyboys, daydays boyboys, daydays 6. 6. 不规则变化不规则变化 man-men, woman-women man-men, woman-women foot-feet, tooth-teeth foot-feet, tooth-teeth child-children, ox-oxenchild-children, ox-oxen，mouse-mi

7、ce mouse-mice fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deerfish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer7.7.表示国籍名词单复数变化规律表示国籍名词单复数变化规律 ChineseChinese ChineseJapaneseJapaneseFrenchmanFrenchmenEnglishmanEnglishmenGerman GermansAmericanAmericansEgyptianEgyptiansRussianRussians Italian Italians四四. . 不可数名词数量的表示不可数名词数量的表示练习练习1.

8、What do you want? 1. What do you want? I want_. I want_. A. piece of breadA. piece of breadB.two piece of bread B.two piece of bread C.a breadC.a breadD.some bread D.some bread 2 ._is standing at the corner of the street. 2 ._is standing at the corner of the street. A. A policeA. A policeB.The polic

9、e B.The police C. PoliceC. PoliceD.A policemanD.A policeman3. Can you see nine _ in the picture? 3. Can you see nine _ in the picture? A.sheep B.dog C.pig D.horse A.sheep B.dog C.pig D.horse 4. The _ has two _. 4. The _ has two _. A.boys, watchesA.boys, watches B.boy, watch B.boy, watch C.boy, watch

10、esC.boy, watchesD.boys,watch D.boys,watch 5. Both Marx and Engles were_. 5. Both Marx and Engles were_. A.German A.GermanB.Germans B.Germans C.GermanyC.Germany D.from GermanD.from German3. Can you see nine _ in the picture? 3. Can you see nine _ in the picture? A.sheepA.sheep B.dog C.pig D.horse B.d

11、og C.pig D.horse 4. The _ has two _. 4. The _ has two _. A.boys, watchesA.boys, watches B.boy, watch B.boy, watch C.boy, watchesC.boy, watchesD.boys,watch D.boys,watch 5. Both Marx and Engles were_. 5. Both Marx and Engles were_. A.German A.GermanB.GermansB.Germans C.GermanyC.Germany D.from GermanD.

12、from German6. Every morning before he leaves,6. Every morning before he leaves, his mother would put some _ in his bag. his mother would put some _ in his bag. A. orange A. orange B. oranges B. oranges 7. We all believe that our team _ the 7. We all believe that our team _ the strongest of all. stro

13、ngest of all. A. isA. isB. areB. are A. orange A. orange B. orangesB. oranges 7. We all believe that our team _ the 7. We all believe that our team _ the strongest of all. strongest of all. A. isA. isB. areB. are6. Every morning before he leaves,6. Every morning before he leaves, his mother would pu

14、t some _ in his bag. his mother would put some _ in his bag. 名词所有格名词所有格名词所有格的分类名词所有格的分类名词所有格可分为三种：1、有生命名词的所有格2、无生命名词的所有格3、双重所有格 名词所有格名词所有格一、有生命的名词所有格一、有生命的名词所有格 ： s + 名词名词 “的的” a . 当名词不是当名词不是s 结尾时，用结尾时，用 s Lucys hair / my mothers bag lucy的头发的头发 / 我妈妈的袋子我妈妈的袋子 b. 当名词是当名词是s 结尾时，则用结尾时，则用 s students rea

15、ding room 学生们的阅览室学生们的阅览室 workers club 工人俱乐部工人俱乐部注意：注意：Womens Day 妇女节妇女节 Childrens Day 儿童节儿童节 Teachers Day 教师节教师节c. 表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，加表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，加s 构成所有格构成所有格 five minutes walk= a five-minute walk eight miles journey= an 8-mile journeyd. 双重所有格双重所有格 : of+名词所有格名词所有格 / of + 名词性的名词性的物主代词物主代词 a frie

16、nd of mine, an old photo of my fathers.e. 共同所有格与个体所有格：共同所有格与个体所有格： 共有的东西共有的东西,所有所有格也共有格也共有; 分开的东西分开的东西,所有格也分开所有格也分开. Shes Tom and Jims mother. (同一个母亲同一个母亲) Theyre Toms and Jims mothers. ( 各自的母各自的母亲亲) 二、表示无生命的名词所有格二、表示无生命的名词所有格 用用 “of “ 教室的门教室的门 the door of the classroom 山顶山顶 the top of the hill 树叶树叶