2011年对外经济贸易大学802世界经济综合考研真题及详解

1、Born to win经济学考研交流群 经济学考研备战群五、计算题（第1题4分，第2题7分，共11分）1熊猫电视机的需求价格弹性为2.5，当价格为每台6000元时，每月销售量为200台。问：（1）当该种电视机售价下降10%时，每月的销售量为多少？（2）每月可增加销售收入为多少？解：（1）需求的价格弹性系数公式为：即有：解得：，所以此时每月的销售量是：（台）。（2）降价前，电视价格为6000，销量为200，因此，总销售收入为：（元）。降价后，此时总销售收入为（元），故每月可增加销售收入：（元）。2已知：折旧500亿元、个人所得税780亿元、公司未分配利润300亿元、间接税370亿元、国内生产总值

2、6200亿元、企业所得税640亿元、转移支付470亿元、政府给居民户支付的利息290亿元。根据以上资料计算国内生产净值、国民收入、个人收入和个人可支配收入。答：限于篇幅原因，想要查看完整版真题解析点击加入经济学考研备战群六、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1试述近年来中国经常账户顺差快速增长的原因、影响及调整对策。答：限于篇幅原因，想要查看完整版真题解析点击加入经济学考研备战群2试述中国参与国际区域经济合作的进程、前景和影响。答：限于篇幅原因，想要查看完整版真题解析点击加入经济学考研备战群七、专业英语（英译中，共50分）1. Price controls（20分）Governments have

3、 been trying to set maximum or minimum prices since ancient times. The appeal of price controls is understandable. Even though they fail to protect many consumers and hurt others，controls hold out the promise of protecting groups that are particularly hardpressed to meet price increases. Thus，the pr

4、ohibition against usury-charging high interest on loanswas intended to protect someone forced to borrow out of desperation；the maximum price for bread was supposed to protect the poor, who depended on bread to survive；and rent controls were supposed to protect those who were renting when the demand

5、for apartments exceeded the supply, and landlords were preparing to “gouge” their tenants.Despite the frequent use of price controls，however，and despite their appeal，economists are generally opposed to them，except perhaps for very brief periods during emergencies. The reason most economists are skep

6、tical about price controls is that they distort the allocation of resources. Price ceilings，which prevent prices from exceeding a certain maximum，cause shortages. Price floors. which prohibit prices below a certain minimum，cause surpluses，at least for a time. Because controls prevent the price syste

7、m from rationing the available supply，some other mechanism must take its place. A queue，once a familiar sight in the controlled economies of Eastern Europe，is one possibility.With all of the problems generated by controls，We can well ask why they are ever imposed and why they are sometimes maintaine

8、d for so long. The answer，in part，is that the public does not always see the links between controls and the problems they create. General price controls-controls on prices of many goods-are often imposed when the public becomes alarmed that inflation is out of control. However，most inflation，even in

9、 wartime，is due to inflationary monetary and fiscal policies rather than to panic buying. Inflation is extremely difficult to contain through general controls，in part because the attempt to limit control to a manageable sector of the economy is usually hopeless. By examining cases in which controls

10、have prevented the price mechanism from working，we gain a better appreciation of its usual elegance and efficiency. This does not mean that there are no circumstances in which temporary controls may be effective. But a fair reading of economic history shows just how rare those circumstances are.答：价格

11、管制自古以来政府就试图设定最高价或者最低价。价格管制的吸引力是可以理解的。即使价格管制未能保护大部分消费者，并且伤害了其他人的利益，但是它依然坚守要保护那些被物价上涨压迫得喘不过气来的群体的承诺。如此一来，禁止高利贷旨在保护那些处于绝望中被迫借贷的人；对面包的最高限价旨在保护那些靠面包生存的穷人；而对租金的管制则旨在保护那些在住房需求超过供给、房东准备“欺诈”房客时租房住的人。但是，尽管价格管制手段经常被使用，尽管价格管制吸引力（巨大），除了在一些非常短暂的紧急时期，经济学家一般是反对价格管制的。大多数经济学家不相信价格管制的原因在于它扭曲了资源配置。价格上限，即价格不可逾越的某一最大值，会引

12、起短缺；价格下限，即价格不能低于某一最小值，至少在一段时间里会导致过剩。因为价格管制使价格系统不能对现有供给资源进行合理配置，某些其他的机制就必将取而代之。在东欧管制经济体制下，一度令人熟悉的排队抢购就是价格控制常见的结果。既然由价格管制引起的问题如此之多，我们就可以有理由问：为什么人们一直在实施价格管制？为什么有时候实施价格管制的时间是如此之长？部分原因是公众并非总能够看到价格管制与由此引发的问题之间的联系。一般价格管制，即对很多商品的价格管制，是在物价失控引起公众惊恐时实施的。但是即使是在战时，大多数通货膨胀也是因为宽松的货币政策和财政政策而非恐慌性抢购引起的。通过一般价格管制来抑制价格是

13、极其困难的，部分原因是将限价对经济体的影响限制在一个可管理的水平上的尝试通常是徒劳的。纵观那些物价管制阻止价格机制发生作用的案例，我们会对价格机制惯常的优雅和有效性有更深的了解。这并不意味着在任何情况下临时的价格管制都是无效的。只是通过对经济历史一个公平的回顾，我们会发现，这种情况是如此的罕见。2. The future of Chinese M&A（20分）Where will M&A be targeted? The data available to date on larger deals mask some trends identified by those on the fron

14、t-lines of the deal-making. Diversification is a natural process, evolution, says the head of China M&A at a Western investment bank. The government may have given rigid marching orders in the past, but its now more market-oriented. There has been a concentration of deals among some successful compa

15、nies but more and more companies are now looking. This will include different sectors and private companies, and also more regional SOEs, such as Yanzhou Coal, which recently bought Australias Felix Resources. It is a safe bet that Chinese firms will continue to seek a secure supply of mining and na

16、tural-resource assets. These are the fuels of the mighty Chinese industrial juggernaut, which has a ways to go before shifting into top gear. But the nature of investment in resources is likely to change. As we have already seen, CIC, Chinas sovereign wealth fund, has become more active in accessing

17、 resource deals. Companies directly involved in the resources sector are likely to chase smaller equity stakes, although this should generate higher volumes overall, some observers say. In terms of M&A, Chinese interest will remain keen in markets where resources have been developed and are easily a

18、ccessible, such as Australia and Canada. But China has also begun to cut deals with resource-rich African nations under which it will fund the building of infrastructure in exchange for resources such as oil and copper. Clean energy is also billed as a strong candidate for deals. China is now the wo

19、rlds leading producer of greenhouse emissions and is in desperate need of less-polluting power sources. But no less important is the fact that China regards clean energy as one of the most promising new sectors in which no country has a huge advantage over the others. China thus feels it can leverag

20、e massive potential demand in its domestic market to become a global industry leader. Technology of any kind will be a prime target of Chinese M&A. Sectors of particular note include car components, IT and micro-electronics. Meanwhile, Chinese suppliers to original equipment manufacturers（OEMs）are n

21、ow buying those OEMs to control the whole supply chain. 答：限于篇幅原因，想要查看完整版真题解析点击加入经济学考研备战群3. Law and economics（10分）Law and economics, known as the economic analysis of law, stresses that markets are more efficient than courts. When possible, the legal system, according to the positive theory, will for

22、ce a transaction into the market. When this is impossible, the legal system attempts to mimic a market and guess at what the parties would have desired if markets had been feasible. The second characteristic of law and economics is its emphasis on incentives and peoples responses to these incentives. For example, the purpose of damage payments in accident （tort）law is not to compensate inju