高英第七册UnitThree参考资料

1、Unit ThreeText IThe SubwayPre-reading BrainstorminzShare your experiences of visiting subway(s) and present your commentary on one of the subways that impressed you most.Thomas Kenneiiv Wolfe,Tom Wolfe (Thomas Kennedy Wolfe, Jr.), 1931-, American journalist and novelist, b. Richmond, Va. Wolfe first

2、 gained fame for his studies of contemporary American culture in a style known as New Journalism, which combined personal impressions and opinions, reconstructed dialogue, slang, and academic jargon. His journalistic works include The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby (1965), The Electri

3、c Kool-Aid Acid Test (1968), Radical Chic and Mau-mauing the Flak Catchers (1970), The Right Stuff (1975), From Bauhaus to Our House (1981), and the anthology Hooking UpNew York City SubwayThe New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York Cit

4、y Transit Authority. a subsidiary agency of the MetroDolitan Transportation Authoritv and also known as MTA New York City Transit. It is one of the most extensive public transportation systems in the world, with 468 reported passenger stations,1 (or 422 if stations connected by transfers are counted

5、 as one),11229 miles (369 km) of routes,11 translating into 656 miles (1056 km) of revenue track, and a total of 842 miles (1355 km) including non-revenue trackage也 The subway is also notable for being among the few rapid transit systems in the world to run 24 hours a day, 365 days a yea It is the o

6、nly system to hold that distinction among the ten busiest systems in the world in terms of annual passenger traffic. The system itself has more annual boardings than those in cities such as London,Paris, and Mexico City凹 It has nearly twice as many daily riders as every other rapid transit system in

7、 the United States combined.Though it is known as the sub wayimplying underground operations, about 40% of the system runs on above-ground right-of-way (the system is almost entirely underground in Manhattan, as well as portions in the other boroughs), including steel or cast iron elevated structure

8、s, concrete viaducts, embankments, open cuts and surface routes All of these construction methods are completely grade-separated from road and pedestrian crossings, and most crossings of two subway tracks are grade-separated with flying junctions.Main Idea In a way the subway is the living symbol of

9、 all that adds up to lack of status in New YorkOr: The subway in New York City is a vivid demonstration of the citys lack of status.地铁是美国纽约城的重要交通工具，也是纽约贫穷的人栖息之 地，作者通过对这些无家可归的乞丐的丑陋的行为的形象描述， 揭示了在美国这样的社会，社会地位的划分和竞争无处不在。Purpose of writing and Tone: To share his own experience as an American. Style: A sa

10、tire (A literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision/ridicule, or wit); tone: satirical;Oianization and Development: Section I (Pl) introduction of the theme: the subway is the living symbol of all that adds up to lack of status in New York; topic： there is a sense

11、of madness and disorientation at almostevery express stop. Section II (P2-3) topic: the underground spaces seem to attract every ccntric(古怪白勺； 偏执的)passion and also bears; Section III (P4-5) topic: however, some men do fall to the state of being a bu/n(游荡者,游民).For example, on the East side IRT subwav

12、 line.Lexical work1 disorientation Loss of ones sense of direction, position, or relationship with ones surroundings; Intellectual or moral confusion; A temporary or permanent state of confusion regarding place, time, or personal identity2. vistas A distant view or prospect, especially one seen thro

13、ugh anopening, as between rows of buildings or trees; a broad mental view:3. eerie一 Inspiring inexplicable fear, dread, or uneasiness; strange andfrightening.4. qualmsA sudden disturbing feeling; 一阵眩晕；恶心；常用复不安，疑虑;（良心的）责备5. tactile-一 Of, relating to, or proceeding from the sense of touch;tactual; Per

14、ceptible to the sense of touch; tangible.6. crucifyingTo put （a person） to death by nailing or binding to across; To treat cruelly; torment:7. tensile-一 Capable of being stretched or extended; ductile/elastic8. oleaginous- oily, fatty9. flatulent肠胃气胀的;自负的，空虚的，浮夸的,自负的10. redemption-一 Salvation from s

15、in through Jesusrs sacrifice.赎回，偿还，拯救，履行11. maniacal-一 Suggestive of or afflicted with insanity; frantic, crazy;Characterized by excessive enthusiasm or excitement:12. ricochet offTo rebound at least once from a surface; bounce off13. mediocreModerate to inferior in quality 中等偏下的;ordinary14.lollygag

16、 gerone who fools around 虚度光阴，闲游浪荡15. condescension一- Patronizingly superior behavior or attitude硬要人家领情的态度;优越感16. slouch一 To sit, stand, or walk with an awkward, drooping,excessively relaxed posture无精打采的坐，站，走以笨拙的、颓丧的、极其放松的姿式坐、立或行17. congealed To solidify by or as if by freezing:冻结冰冻或类似冰冻地固化：18. wino

17、-一 An indigent wine-drinking alcoholic穷困的酒鬼;美俚酒鬼，醉汉（尤指只喝劣酒者）19. pop move quickly or unexpectedly; open wide suddenly;make a short, sharp，explosive soundComprehension of the text1. Details for The whole place is a gioss assault on the senses:assault on the sense of hearing 一- noise of the trains, hig

18、h- pitched harshness, metallic tones from records;assault on the sense of touch 一- pushing in the crowds;assault on the sense of smell unbearable odors;assault on the sense of sight 一- The sight of customers with bread flakes caked on their mouths and flatulentcheeks at lunch counters is from pleasa

19、nt.2. qualms: unease, sudden feeling of doubt, esp concerning moral conduct.; the whole sentence means: Pushing others in a crowded public place is considered rude, but in New York subway the passengers, when in a crowd, seem to have forgotten this basic moral norm3. The underground spaces seem to a

20、ttract also beggars5. A mere blind man with a cane and a cup is mediocre business.一This typical image of a beggar is a common sight and is not likely to attract any attention.8. Compare:squeezing pouringclots groupsoleaginous mushyhaunts 一- frequentsmaniacal 一- crazyscrape up removeDifficult sentenc

21、es for paraphrase:1. In a way, of course, the subway is the symbol of all that adds up to lack of status in New York. There is a sense of madness and disorientation at almost every express stop. (L1-)一 In New Yorks undergi-ound transportation system, one find many examples of what is low-class behav

22、ior in New York. The subway is disorganized and people move about wildly at each express stop.2. Your tactile sense takes a crucifying you never dreamed possible. (L7) You are being bumped 撞击，shoved 挤，推 and prodded 刺或戳 amidstthe crowd more than you ever have been before / more than you ever expected

23、3. Among the beggars New Yorks status competition is renewed, there in the much despised sub way. Some evenings the beggars ricochet off one another between stops, calling one another 一s and 一s and telling each other to go find their own 一ca匚(L19)In New Yorkes much-hated subway, beggars compete agai

24、nst each other. Some evenings when beggars spot one another between stops, they curse one another, call one another names and warn one another to stay away from where they are.4. So today he does much bette匚 He seems to make a living He is no idler, lollygagger or bum 游荡者，游民.He can look with condesc

25、ension upon the states to which men fall. （L45-）Since he has perfected this strategy, he makes ends meet today - people tend to give him money; he really is not a bum 一- he has a job. He is now in a position to look down upon others who have unfortunately become bums.5. Everyone stares at him briefl

26、y, at his congealed Wheatena-and-lint carcass, but no one breaks 暂停 stride 大步行走；and who knows how long it will be before finally two policemen have to come in and hold their breath and scrape him out of the gloom and into the bosom of the law, from which he will emerge with a set of green fatigues,

27、at least, and an honorable seat at night on the subway bench（L57）一 People briefly look at his body, which is covered with lint and dirt, but walk right on by him. No one knows how long it will be before two policemen spot. They will have to hold their breath from his stench 恶 臭，臭气 when they take him

28、 to the police station. They will give him a set of green work clothes which will make him more presentable 像样 的；中看的-一 presentable enough to have a seat on the subway at night next to other presentable people.Note:carcass -一 The dead body of an animal, especially one slaughtered for food.尸体，屠体指动物的尸体

29、，尤指屠宰后做食物的 畜体（亦作：carcase）The body of a human being.身躯，躯壳人的躯体lint棉绒，（敷伤口用的）软麻布scrape舌山 肖IJ ; 擦；砍;/To succeed or manage with difficulty（勉强通过艰难地获胜或通过）Gloom阴暗，忧郁，低沉气氛，情绪低落：bosom中间，任何温暖、舒适而熟悉的地方 fatigues工作服，士兵服朵役时穿着的衣服 stench恶臭，臭气Difficult Sentences for Analysis & Translation （EC）:新编英语教程第七册第3课The Subway,

30、用幽默诙谐的语 言形象地描写了具有150年历史的纽约地铁破败状况。地铁本是向人 们尤其普通的人们提供交通的地方，但作者却巧妙地利用了肮脏、嘈 杂的地铁映射出纽约是一个充满竞争、物欲横流的城市。在第一段介 绍地铁时作者是这样描写的：There is a sense of madness and disorientation at almost every express station. The ceilings are low, the vistas are long, there are no landmarks, and the lighting is an eerie blend of

31、fluorescent tubing, electric light bulbs and neon advertising.（译文： 在 地铁的每一个快车站都有一种疯狂和迷失方向的感觉。天花板很低， 地铁线路向前延伸很长，没有路标，照明光是荧光灯管、电灯泡和霓 虹灯广告的一种奇异混合。）接着作者描写了走进地铁站的感觉：The whole place is a gross assault on the senses. The noise of the trains stopping or rounding curves has a high-pitched harshness that is d

32、ifficult to describe. People feel no qualms about pushing whenever it becomes crowded. Your tactile sense takes a crucifying you never dreamed possible. The odors become unbearable when the weather is warm.彳生动形象地将地铁站对人的 感觉器官刺激描写得酣畅淋漓，当读者读到这些句子时，会产生一种 身临其境之感。课文还描写了 beggars （乞丐们）为了赢得人们的同情施展各种伎 俩；为了争抢一

33、个在站台上过夜的椅子时，会大打出手，在第86大 街站，人们好不容易挤下了车却看见一位惨遭打劫、浑身上下只穿着 一件连袖子都被人拽走的风衣、但依旧保持着绅士姿态的、烂醉如泥 的人睡在椅子上的邀遢相:Everyone stares at him briefly, at his congealed Wheaten-and-lint carcass, but no one breaks stride; and who knows how long it will be before finally two policemen have to come in and hold their breath

34、and scrape him up out of the gloom and into the bosom of the law, from which he will emerge with a set of green fatigues, at least, and an honorable seat at night on the subway bench. 31 （译文： 每个过路者都瞪眼瞥他一下，看着他如同死尸的僵硬而惨白的身体， 但没有人停下步子；谁知道要过多久会有两个警察进来，他们屏住呼 吸，把他从黑暗中移走并带进法律的怀抱（警察局）。至少他会穿着 一套退色的绿工作服出来，也能在

35、晚上在地铁得到个体面的座位。）法国雕塑家罗丹指出，社会中黑暗丑陋的东西一旦进入艺术领 域，也有了审美价值，尤其在社会意义方面。通过对Subway课文的 分析、学习，师生对作者如何通过对地铁众人的丑陋行为的细腻描写 来映射纽约的等级社会的写作技巧有了深刻的了解，同时师生不仅学 到了作者辛辣的讽刺手法，而且了解了什么是新新闻学(New Journalism),因为作者是新新闻学的积极倡导者。Assignment:Unit ThreeText IILiving in Two WorldsPre-reading Brainstorming1) Share with the class your con

36、trasting life experiences of livingin so different places as to be regarded two worlds;2) What will your feeling be like if your family members areliving under an impoverished condition in the out-of -the-way countryside while you are living happily here on the campus?2) What message does the author

37、 want to convey in this passage?Main IdeaThrough describing the life experiences of living in two contrasting worlds, esp. life at home, the author presents the proud feeling that his family has built within him in the midst of all that misery and his hope that every college graduate will possess a

38、sense of tenacity and accomplishment.Or: Marcus comes from a poor family in New Jersey whose life seems far removed from the life at Stanford, one of the most affluent universities in the United States. Tlnougli the nanation of the author own life both in college and in his family, he gives us a des

39、cription of the wide gap between home一black, poor and college一white, mainstream, and affluent 一that Mabry discusses and also the complex feelings in the minds of his kind traveling between the universes of poverty and affluence during breaks: the guilt, the helplessness and the embarrassment. More i

40、mportant, the author tells us his being proud both of his family members9 spirits and the sense of tenacity and accomplishment inspired by his family members in his mind.Purpose of writin父 and Tone:Purpose: To share the life experiences of guilt, helplessness, embarrassment as well as poverty on the

41、 part of students coming from poverty-ridden areas, and to encourage them to cherish the proud feeling and a sense of tenacity and accomplishment.Tone: serious.Orzanization and Development:Introduction (Pl-3): Contrasting world and issue of realityBody (P4-10): experiences of guilt, helplessness, em

42、barrassment as wellas povertyConclusion (PH): The proud feeling and a sense of tenacity andaccomplishmentStructure of the passage (2)Part one: (paras. 1一3) Introduction to the thesis statement: The feelings in his mind, as one of the students who travel between the universes of poverty and affluence

43、 during breaksPara 1. His brother life: young, unemployed, having a family to supportPara 2. The author college life: busy with things in college, beingeager to be free of the chores Para 3. Tlie author coming back home from his college makes him realize the clear contrast between these two states o

44、f life.Part two: (paras. 4一10) Tlie description of the author feelings for liis family members.Para 4. Summary of the feelings in the minds of the students who travel between the universes of poverty and affluence during breaks: the guilt, the helplessness and sometimes, the embarrassment, which are

45、 unimaginable to others. As a preparation for the following concrete description of the author variety of feelings.Para 5. The author happy life on the campusPara 6. Tlie author mother life: stmggliiig to provide a life for herself and the authors brotherPara 7. Living in his grandmother house this

46、Christmas break restored all the forgotten, and the never acknowledged, guilt.Para 8 The author sense of helplessness increases each time he returns home.Para 9. An episode : The feeling of embarrassment is implied in such a story.Para 10. Tlie authors helplessPart Three: (Para 11) (the thesis state

47、ment)A proud feeling aroused by the authors family in his niindComprehension Questions:1) Describe briefly the two worlds Mabry lives in. which of the two is reality to him? Why?Stanford -一 college 一- affluent, white, mainstreamNew Jersey 一- home 一- poor, blackAlthough his education keeps him away a

48、nd drives him further away from this world, every time he returns home, he is made to feel its reality acutely. This is the world he was born into and has grown up in, and now his family and people from the same background as he are still living in it.2) What information can you gather from the pass

49、age about Mabrys mother, his brother, his grandmother, and some of his relatives?(Cf. the passage.)3) What has given rise to his feelings of guilt and helplessness? Are thetwo feelings intermingled to some extent?He feels guilty because of the good fortune he has had as contrasted with his brother 一

50、 access to a decent education and the status and affluent that come with it.He feels helplessness because he thinks there is nothing he can do to help improve the conditions of his family.The two feelings are intermingled: helplessness increases his feeling of guilt.4) Why does Mabry say in the last

51、 paragraph that his family has built aproud feeling within him?For a black, to have access to a good education and to distinguish himself in society is something he should feel proud of. And (especially) his family has succeeded in surviving in the dire circumstances in which they live.Difficult sen

52、tences for paraphrase:1) Each time I return home I feel further away from the realities of poverty in America and more ashamed that they are allowed to persist.2) What frightens me most is not that the American socioeconomic system permits poverty to continue, but that by participating in that system I share some the blame.3) There is no reason that I deserve security and warmth, while my brother has to cope with potential unemployment and prejudice.4) I, too, encounter prejudice, but it i