2020年职称英语(卫生类)教材概括大意文章及练习(8)

1、2020 年职称英语（卫生类）教材概括大意文章及练习（8）Lung Cancer1. The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible ca

2、uses,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air（smokeparticles,smog,exhaust fumes ）,and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2. Numerous studies have demonstrat

3、ed a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers21 to 30 cigarettes perday the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smo

4、king among women has its effect.3. Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an x-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation1 from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-r

5、ays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to bemaintained2. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the adva

6、ntages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.34. A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma4,so-called because the malignancy originates in5 a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off6 the supply of air to that lung. The lu

7、ng then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes7 of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.

8、The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy.5. Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland8 and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary gr

9、owths.词汇：blameworthy 该受责备的 bronchus. 支气管irritant 刺激物； adj. 有刺激性的 smog 烟雾secretion . 分泌（作用）；分泌物 fume （浓烈或难闻的）烟； 气pneumonia . 肺炎 correlation 相关，关联abscess 脓肿 mortality 死亡率pneumonectomy 肺切除术 tuberculosis 结核病malignant 恶性的，有害的注释：1. exposure to radiation ：接触放射线2.if any possibility of cure is to be maintain

10、ed ：如果想 要保持治愈的可能性的话。这里的 is 是情态动词，与不定式连用( be to do sth. )表示“想要、打算、约定、职责、义务”等意思。3. Modern X- ray machines to be comple tely removed. 合格的技师操作现代的X光机所产生的危险微乎其微(至少对年龄超过40岁的人来说如此)，相对于它能尽早发现一个较小的、能被彻底切除 的肿瘤这个优点来说，这点危险能够忽略不计。此句中使用了such that 这样的呼应关系，that引导的从句为水准状语从句。offset 意为“补偿，抵消”。4. bronchogenic carcinoma ：支气管癌。 carcinoma 指上皮细胞所 形成的恶性肿瘤，sarcoma指非上皮细胞所形成的恶性肿瘤，而所有恶 性肿瘤