国际贸易法律术语terms

1、international business law termsa note on the incoterms（国际贸易术语通则解释）absolute advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论) acceptance with modifications（对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺）acceptance（承诺/受盘）act of state doctrine（国家行为主义）act of the parties （当事人的行为）administrative management （经营管理）advising and confirming letters of credit（信用证的通知和确认

2、）agent for international settlements（国际结算代理人）agreement of the parties（协议选择原则）agriculture（农业协定）alternative dispute resolution （adr解决方式）anticipatory breach in common law （普通法上预期违约）antidumping authority（反倾销机构）applicability of the cisg(cisg的适用范围) application of home state labor laws extraterritorially（内

3、国劳工法律域外适用）applying for a letter of credit（信用证的申请）approval of foreign investment applications（外国投资申请的批准）arbitrage（套汇）arbitration agreement and arbitration clauses （仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款）arbitration tribunals（仲裁机构）artistic property agreements（保护文学艺术作品的协定）artistic property agreements（文学艺术品产权协定）assignment（合同权利转

4、让）attorney-general（法律总顾问）automatic dissolution （自动散伙）average clauses（海损条款）avoidance（解除）bank deposits（银行储蓄）bases of income taxation（所得税的征税依据/基础）battle of the forms（形式上的分歧冲突）bills of lading （提单）branch banking（银行的分支机构）business form and registered capital （企业形式和注册资本）business forms（商业组织形式）buyers remedies

5、（买方可以采取的救济措施）carriage of goods by air（航空货物运输）carriage of goods by sea and marine cargo insurance（海上货物运输及其保险）carriers duties under a bill of lading（在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务）carriers immunities（承运人责任/义务的豁免）cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)categories of investment projects （外国投资的项目类别）charterparties （租船合同）charterparties by d

6、emise （光船出租合同）chinasfundamental policies for encouraging foreign investments （中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策）choosing the governing law（准据法的选择）cif (cost, insurance and freight) (port of destination) （成本保险费加运费付至指定的目的港）civil law (民法法系)clearance and settlement procedures（交换和转让程序）collection of documentary bills throug

7、h banks（银行跟单托收）commercial arbitration （国际商事仲裁）commodity arrangements（初级产品/农产品安排）common enterprise liability（企业的一般责任）common law (普通法系)common procedures in handling bills of exchange （汇票处理的一般程序）common stock （股票）company taxpayers（公司/法人企业纳税人）comparative advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)comparison of municipal le

8、gal systems(内国法系的比较研究)compensation for winding up （清算补偿）comprehensive agreements （综合性的协定）compulsory licenses（强制许可）computation of income（收入计算）conformity of goods（与合同约定相符合的货物）consent to the jurisdiction of the host state（给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意）consideration in common law（英美法上的对价） contemporary international tr

9、ade law（当代国际贸易法）contract law for the international sale of goods（国际货物销售合同法）contract liability of the agent （代理人的合同义务）contract liability of the principal （委托人的合同义务）contractual issues excluded from the coverage of cisg（排除在cisg适用范围之外的合同问题）copyrights （著作权/版权）council for trade-related aspects of intellec

10、tual property rights（与知识产权有关的理事会）coverage of tax treaties（税收条约的覆盖范围）creation of agency （代理创立）creditors of partners（合伙人的债权人）currency crises: the role of monetary policy（金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位）currency exchange obligations of imf member states（国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务）currency exchange（外汇交易）currency support（资金/财

11、政援助）custom（习惯）customs valuation（海关估价协定）debt securities （债券）decision making within the wto（wto内部决定作出机制）deficiencies in the gatt 1947 dispute process （关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足）definite sum of money or monetary unit of account（确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位）definition and special features（定义和特征）delayed bills of lading（

12、提单迟延）denial of justice（司法不公）development banks （发展银行）direct effect（直接效力）direct exporting(直接出口) directors and officers duties to the corporation（董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务）dispute settlement（争端的解决）dissolution by agreement（协议解散）dissolution by court order （依法院令状散伙）dissolution of the partnership （散伙）distribution

13、of earnings and recovery of investments（收入分配和投资回收） distribution to shareholders （红利分配权）doctrine of imputability (归责原则)documentary formalities（文本格式要求）double taxation provision（双重征税的规定）double taxation（双重征税）duress （胁迫行为）duties of agent and principal （代理人和委托人的义务）duties of agent to principal （委托人的义务）duti

14、es of principal to agent （代理人、的义务）duty of care in partnership business（对合伙事务尽心看护义务）duty of loyalty and good faith （忠诚和诚信义务）effectiveness of an offer（邀约/发盘的效力）employment laws in the european union（欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法）employment standards of the organization for economic cooperation and development（经济合作与发展组织雇佣

15、/劳工标准）enforcement of exchange control regulations of imf member states（国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行）enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the peoples republic of china （在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行）enforcement of foreign judgment （外国法院判决的执行）enforcement of partnership rights and liabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）enforc

16、ement of securities regulations internationally（国际证券规则的执行）environmental regulation（环境规则） escape clause（免责条款）euro-currency deposits（欧洲货币储蓄）european communities - regime for the importation, sale, and distribution of bananas（欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理）european union law on trade in services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律）e

17、xceptio non adimpleti contractus in civil law （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）exceptions（例外）exclusive licenses（独占许可）excuses for non-performance （不履行的免责）excuses for nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）exemptions for new members from imf member state currency exchange obligations（国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除）export restrictions (出口限

18、制)exporting(出口) expropriation（征收）extraterritorial application of u. s. securities laws（美国证券法域外的适用问题）failure to exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）fault and causation（过错和因果关系）finance ministry（财政部）finance of international trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)financing foreign trade（对外贸易的价金支付）fob (free on hoard) (port of shipment)

19、（装运港船上交货）force majeure clauses （不可抗力条款）foreign investment guarantees（外国投资的担保）foreign investment laws and codes（外国投资法）formal and informal application process（正式和非正式申请程序）formation of the contract（合同的成立）forsed endorsements（虚假背书）fraud exception in letters of credit transaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外)frauds on bill

20、s of lading（提单欺诈）fraudulent misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）free zones（保税区/自由贸易区）fundamental breach（根本违约）gats schedules of specific commitments（服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺）general agreement on trade in services (服务贸易总协定)general requirements and rights of the holder in due course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）general standards of per

21、formance（履行的一般标准）geographic limitations（地区限制）government controls over trade (政府对贸易的管制)government guarantees（政府担保）governmental interest（政府利益原则）governmental sources of capital（官方资金）grant back provisions（回授的规定）home state regulation of multinational enterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）host state regulation of multin

22、ational enterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）illegality and incompetency（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定）imf conditionality(国际货币基金组织的制约性)imf facilities（国际货币基金组织的机制）imf operations（国际货币基金组织的运作）imf quotas（国际货币基金的份额）immunities of states from the jurisdiction of municipal courts（国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权）import-licensing procedures（进口许可证程序协定）

23、income categories（收入分类）income tax rates（所得税税率）income taxes（所得税）independence principles and rule of strict compliance （信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则）indirect exporting(间接出口)industrial property agreements （保护工业产权的协定）innocent misrepresentation（因无知的误解）inquiry（调查）insider trading regulations（内幕交易规则）insurance cover （保险

24、范围）integration of company and personal income taxes（公司和个人所得税的征收）intellectual property right law （知识产权法）international center for the settlement of investment disputes （解决投资争端国际中心）international commercial dispute settlement （国际商事争端的解决）international court of justice （海牙联合国国际法院）international factoring （

25、国际保理）international franchising(国际特许经营权) international labor standards（国际劳工标准）international licensing agreement(国际许可证协议) international licensing agreements （国际许可证协定）international model law(国际示范法)international organizations(国际组织)international persons（国际法主体）international rules for the interpretation of

26、 trade terms(国际贸易术语解释通则)international trade customs and usages(国际贸易惯例和习惯)international treaties and conventions(国际条约和公约)international tribunals （国际法庭）interpreting of the cisg (cisg的解释) invitation offer （要约邀请要约引诱询盘）involuntary dissolution （非自愿解散）issuance of securities（证券发行）jurisdiction and venue （管辖权

27、和法院地）jurisdiction in civil cases（民事案件的管辖权）jurisdiction in criminal cases（刑事案件的管辖权）know-how （技术秘密/专有技术）lack of genuine link（缺乏真实的联系）lack of nationality（无国籍）lack of standing（身份不明）law applicable to letters of credit （调整信用证的法律）law of foreign investment enterprises of china （中国的外商投资企业法）law of the peoples

28、 republic of china on chinese foreign contractual joint ventures（中华人民共和国中外合作企业法） law of the peoples republic of china on chinese foreign equity joint ventures（中华人民共和国中外合资企业法） law of the peoples republic of china on foreign capital enterprises（中华人民共和国外资企业法）legal characteristics （定义和法律特征）legal structu

29、re of the wto （世界贸易组织的法律框架）legal system of international business(国际商事的法律体系)letters of credit (l/c)（信用证）liabilities of makers, drawers, drawees, endorsers and accommodation parties（票据制作人、出票人、付款人、背书人、代发人/担保人的责任）liability for environmental damage（环境损害责任）liability limits（承运人责任/义务的限制）licensing regulatio

30、ns（许可证制度）limitations on foreign equity（外国投资的资金比例限制）limitations on the excuses that drawers and makers can use to avoid paying off a bill or note 661 （票据制作人、出票人拒绝付款借口的限制）liquidated damages （约定的损害赔偿金）liquidation （清算）maintaining monetary value（维护币值稳定）major principles of gatt 1994（关税及贸易总协定1947的主要原则）mari

31、ne insurance policies and certificates （海运保险单和证书）maritime insurance（海运保险）maritime liens （留置权）means of delivery（根据交付方式）mediation（调停/调解）membership（成员）memorandums of understanding（谅解备忘录）methods of investment contribution（出资方式）mini-trial （模拟审判方式）miscellaneous taxes（混杂的，各种各样的税）misrepresentation（误解） mixed

32、 sales（混合销售）modification of foreign in vestment agreements（外国投资协议的修改）money and banking(货币与金融)monopoly control authority (反垄断机构)most significant relationship（最密切联系原则）most-favored-nation treatment （最惠国待遇原则）movement of workers（劳工流动）multilateral investment guaranty programs（多边投资担保计划安排）multilateral trade

33、 agreements（多边贸易协定）multilateral trade negotiations （多边贸易谈判）multinational enterprise（跨国企业）municipal courts（国内法院的实践）municipal legal systems（内国法系）national foreign investment policies（内国的外国投资政策）national investment guarantee programs（内国国家投资担保计划安排）national law(国内法) national monetary systems（国内金融/货币体系）nati

34、onal treatment （国民待遇原则）nationality principle（国籍原则）negligent (innocent) misrepresentation（因疏忽的误解）negotiability of bills and negotiability of notes（可流通的汇票和可流通的本票）negotiation (谈判，议付)noncompetition clauses（限制竞争条款）nondiscrimination（非歧视原则）nonimputable acts（免责行为）nontariff barriers to trade(非关税贸易壁垒) nonwron

35、gful dissolution （非不法原因散伙）objections（异议）obligations of the parties （当事人各方的义务）obligations of the seller and the buyer （买卖双方的合同义务）offer （要约发盘）operation of law （法律的原因而终止）operational reviews（营业审查）opting in and out（加入和退出）organization of the imf（国际货币基金组织的机构）organizations affiliated with the united nations

36、(联合国的相关组织) overseas private investment corporation（海外私人投资公司的案件）parent company（母公司）passing of property （产权的转移）passing of risk （风险的转移）patents （专利权）payable on demand or at a definite time（付款要求或者在指定的付款时间）payment of the price（支付价款）penalties for noncompliance（对于不遵守法规的处罚）perils and losses（保险危险和损失）persons i

37、mmune from taxation（个人所得税的免除）piercing the corporate veil（普通法上揭开公司的面纱/大陆法上公司人格否认原则）place for delivery（交付的地点）post -termination relationship（代理终止后的有关问题） powers during winding up （合伙人在清算过程中的权力/权利）practices and usages（交易习惯和商业惯例）preemption（先买权/优先权）preshipment inspection（装运前检验协定）price-fixing（定价）private ins

38、urers（私人商业保险）private sources of capital（私人资金）products liability laws（产品质量法）promissory notes（本票）promoter of international monetary cooperation（国际金融合作的促进者）promoters（公司的发起人）protection of natural resources（自然资源的保护） protection of subsidiaries（分支机构的保护制度）protection of workers rights by the council of europ

39、e（欧洲理事会关于劳工权利的保护）protection through tariffs（关税保护）proving foreign law（外国法的查明）provisions governing trade in services in the north american free trade agreement （北美自由贸易区协定中关于服务贸易的规定）quality controls（质量控制）quantity and field-of-use restrictions（对数量和使用领域的限制）recognition and enforcement of awards （仲裁裁决的承认和执

40、行）recognition of foreign judgments（外国裁决的承认）refusal to exercise jurisdiction（拒绝执行管辖权）regional and international development agencies（区域性和国际性发展机构）regional integration（区域联合）regional intergovernmental regulations on labor（区域性政府间关于劳工的规定）regional intergovernmental regulations on trade in services（关于服务贸易的区

41、域性政府间管理规则）regional monetary systems（区域性金融体系）regulation of foreign workers（外籍员工的的管理规定）regulation of pollution（防止污染规则）relief（救济、赔偿）remedies available to both buyers and sellers（买卖双方都可以采取的救济措施）remedies for breach of contract（违反合同的救济）requests for specific performance（要求继续/特定履行）residency principle（居住地原则）

42、restrictions on research and development（对技术研究和发展的限制）restrictions that apply after the expiration of intellectual property rights（知识产权保护期满后应用的限制）restrictions that apply after the expiration of the licensing agreement（知识产权使用许可合同期满后应用的限制）right to compensation （主张赔偿的权利）rights and duties （权利与义务）rights a

43、nd responsibilities of beneficiaries（收款人/收益人的权利与义务）rights and responsibilities of the account party（付款人/信用证帐户申请人的权利与义务）rules of origin（原产地规则）rules of private international law（国际私法规则）safeguards（保障措施协定）sanitary and phytosanitarymeasures（卫生与植物卫生措施协定）scope and coverage of gatt 1947 and gatt 1994 （关税及贸易

44、总协定1947和1994文本的调整范围）screening foreign investment applications（对外国投资申请的筛选/审查）sectoral limitations（行业/部门限制）securities and exchange commission（证券交易委员会）securities exchanges （证券交易所）securities regulations（证券规章）sellers obligations（卖方的义务）sellers remedies（卖方可以采取的救济措施）settlement of disputes between ilo member

45、 states（国际劳工组织成员国之间争端的解决）settlement of disputes between intergovernmental organizations and their employees （政府间国际组织与它的雇员之间争端的解决）settlement of disputes in international tribunals（在国际法庭解决争端）settlement of disputes in municipal courts（内国法院的争端解决途径）settlement of disputes through diplomacy（通过外交途径解决争端）sett

46、lement of disputes through municipal courts （通过内国法院解决国际商事争端）shareholders inspection and information rights（股东的监督和知情权）shareholders lawsuits （股东的诉权）shareholders meetings（股东会议/大会）shareholders rights and liabilities （股东的权利和责任）sharp practices （欺诈行为）signed by the maker or drawer（票据制作人或者出票人签名）source princi

47、ple（税收发生来源原则）sources of corporate financing（公司资本的来源） sources of foreign investment law of china （中国外国投资法的渊源）sources of international business law(国际商法的渊源) sources of international law（国际法的渊源）sources of investment （投资范围）sovereign or state immunity（国家主权豁免）specialization(国际分工专门化) standard of care(给予外国人

48、的待遇/关照标准)start-up standards（设立标准）state responsibility（国家责任）statements and conduct of the parties（当事人的陈述和行为）statutory choice-of-law provisions （强制选择条款）structure of the wto（wto的组织结构）subordinate business structures（商业分支机构）subsidies and countervailing measures（补贴与反补贴措施协定）supervision of foreign investmen

49、t（外国投资的监管）supreme court decision（最高法院的裁决）systems for relief from double taxation（避免双重征税的救济体制）takeover regulations（接管/收购规则）taking delivery（接受交付）tariff-based import restriction （约束进口关税）tariffs(关税)tax avoidance（避税）tax evasion（逃税）tax incentives (税收激励)tax sparing（节税）tax treaties（税收条约）taxation（税收）taxpayer

50、s（纳税人）technical barriers to trade（贸易的技术壁垒）technology transfer(技术转让) termination of an agency （代理的终止） termination of corporations （公司的终止）territorial restrictions（地区限制）textiles and clothing（纺织品和服装协定）the acceptance（承诺受盘）the administrative discretion of screening authorities（筛选/监管机构的管理权）the anglo-americ

51、an common law system(普通法系或者英美法系) the applicable procedure law （应用的程序法）the applicable substantive law（应用的实体法） the bank for international settlements（巴塞尔国际清算银行）the bill of exchange（汇票）the board of directors （董事会）the bretton woods system（布雷敦森林体系）the business form（商业组织形式）the buyers right to avoid the co

52、ntract（买方解除合同的权利）the central bank（中央银行）the choice of money（货币的选择）the convention on insider trading（内幕交易的公约）the drafting of the cisg(cisg的起草) the economic globalization （经济全球化）the final act embodying the results of the uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations（乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果的最后文本）the foreign ex

53、change market（外汇交易市场）the founding of gatt（关税及贸易总协定的成立）the framework agreement（协定的框架）the general agreement on tariffs and trade（关税及贸易总协定）the importance of the separate legal identity of juridical entities（跨国企业作为拥有独立法律地位的实体之重要性）the interbank deposit market（银行间的储蓄市场）the international labor organization

54、（国际劳工组织）the international monetary fund（国际货币基金组织）the international standard(国际待遇/标准)the international transfer of intellectual property（工业产权的国际转让）the islamic law system（伊斯兰法系）the law governing bills of exchange （调整汇票的法律制度）the law of agency （国际商事代理法）the making of international law （国际法的构成）the nationa

55、l standard(国民待遇/标准)the negotiation and transfer of bills and notes（票据权利的转让和背书转让）the obligations of banks（银行的义务/责任）the principal characteristics（基本特征）the role of banks in collecting and paying negotiable instruments（银行在可流通票据的托收和付款中的角色）the roman-germanic civil law system(大陆法系或者罗马日耳曼法系)the scope of int

56、ernational law in actual practice（实践中国际法的范围）the subordinate structure（分支结构）the transfer of money（货币转移）the turning over of documents（交付与货物有关的单证）the uruguay round（乌拉圭回合）the value of money（币值）the world trade organization (wto) （世界贸易组织）the wto agreement （wto协定）third party relations of the principal and the agent （与委托人和代理人有关的第三人）third-party claims and personal injuries（第三方的权利和人身伤害）third-party rights (himalaya clause)（第三方的权利-喜玛拉亚条款）time charterparties （定期租船合同）time for delivery （交付的时间）time limitations（时效）tr