句子成分及句型修改版

1、 句子是由词按一定的语法结构按一定的语法结构组成的。 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语、谓语、宾语、表语、主语、谓语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语、补语等。定语、状语、补语等。主要成分：主要成分：主语和谓语主语和谓语 一个句子中需要加以一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：主语的位置： ，由，由名名词、词、数数词、词、代代词或词或名词性短语名词性短语等充当。等充当。The school is far from h

2、ere.She goes to school by bike.Eight is a lucky number.The blind need more help.Predicting the future is interesting.To be a doctor is my dream.名词做主语名词做主语代词做主语代词做主语数词做主语数词做主语名词化的形容词做主语名词化的形容词做主语动名词做主语动名词做主语不定式短语做主语不定式短语做主语What he has said is true.从句做主语从句做主语表示人或事物表示人或事物(主语主语)的动作和存在的状态的动作和存在的状态.对主语对主语

3、的描述和说明，的描述和说明，一般一般位于主语之后。位于主语之后。 往往由一个或一个以上的往往由一个或一个以上的构成。构成。2021-6-177 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.主语主语主语主语主语主语谓语谓

4、语谓语谓语谓语谓语 是是动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者。及物动词及物动词:能接宾语能接宾语.不及物动词不及物动词:不能接宾语不能接宾语. stand , knock , live , strike, beat(跳动，击跳动，击打打), grow（生长，种植）（生长，种植）, I saw a plane in the sky just now.I want three.I like going shopping.We think predicting the future is hard.动名词做宾语动名词做宾语名词做宾语名词做宾语数词做宾语数词做宾语宾语宾语谓语谓语表语表语谓语谓语谓语谓

5、语表语表语用来说明主语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态的身份、特征、性质、状态。在在的的。由名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等由名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等充当。充当。Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.主语主语主语主语表语表语My dream is to have a robot.主语主语表语表语常见的系动词常见的系动词1.be动词动词2. 与感觉有关的动词与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等等Your idea sounds great.The cake tastes so odd.3

6、. 表示状态变化的动词，意为表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得变得” “变成变成” 如如 get, grow, turn等等Winter is coming, and it gets colder and colder.定语定语修饰或限制修饰或限制名词代词的名词代词的词、词组或从句词、词组或从句，一般翻译成，一般翻译成“的的” He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known bettys sister? He bought some sleep

7、ing pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man wh

8、o spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.状语状语修饰修饰动词动词、形容词、副词或、形容词、副词或整个句子整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often wen

9、t to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.很灵活，可放在句首，句中或句末。很灵活，可放在句首，句中或句末。I usually get up early.He is often late.2021-6-1717宾语补足语宾语补足语 在英语中，有

10、些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用（它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用（give，buy为例）为例） 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当在分词和过去分词充当宾宾主主宾宾充当宾补的有充当宾补的有:1. 形容词作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语The sun keeps us warm.主主谓谓2. 介词短语作宾语补足语介词短语作宾语补足语

11、: I found her in the room.谓谓3. 副词作宾语补足语。副词作宾语补足语。 Please let him in.4. 名词作宾语补足语。名词作宾语补足语。We made him monitor of the class.5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。I asked him to come.1. We waited for him until eight oclock.3.The second term begins on February 28.4.We find the story very interesting.5.

12、 She bought me a nice pen as birthday gift.2.When spring comes, leaves turn green. We read English every day. Father and I are watching the football match. He lived and worked here for ten years. Wang Wei and his sister got on a bus and found two seats.简单句简单句:只有一套主语只有一套主语(或并列主语或并列主语)谓谓 语语(或并列谓语）的句子。

13、或并列谓语）的句子。I am an actor.They are running.She can speak English.She teaches us English.The news made her unhappy.判断下列简单句的类型。判断下列简单句的类型。1. We made him our group leader.2. I cant watch TV now.3. Who gave you that book?4. It tasted wonderful.5. We all study hard.6. We must keep our classroom clean.7. Th

14、e bus is coming.由由并列连接词并列连接词把两套或两套以上把两套或两套以上的主谓结构连在一起构成的句子的主谓结构连在一起构成的句子.并列句并列句简单句只包含有一套主谓结构。简单句只包含有一套主谓结构。并列句则包含有两套或两套以上的主谓结构并列句则包含有两套或两套以上的主谓结构,被连接的主谓结构在意义上有联系被连接的主谓结构在意义上有联系, 但在但在语语法结构上互不从属法结构上互不从属。I help her.(简单句简单句)She helps me. (简单句简单句)I help her and she helps me. (并列句并列句)不同的不同的并列连词并列连词用以表示并列句

15、中各分句用以表示并列句中各分句间的不同关系间的不同关系1. and (和和,而且而且)表示并列表示并列,递进关系递进关系.2. but(但是但是), 表示转折关系表示转折关系3. or(否则否则,或者或者)表示转折、选择关系表示转折、选择关系4. so(所以所以)，for(因为因为)表示因果关系表示因果关系复合句复合句有一个有一个主句主句和一个或一个以上和一个或一个以上 的的从句从句组成的句子。组成的句子。(句中有句句中有句:也是也是有两套或者两套以上的主谓结构有两套或者两套以上的主谓结构)主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句由一个句子充当主句的由一

16、个句子充当主句的主语主语由一个句子充当主句的由一个句子充当主句的宾语宾语由一个句子充当主句的由一个句子充当主句的表语表语由一个句子充当主句的由一个句子充当主句的定语定语由一个句子充当主句的由一个句子充当主句的状语状语He told me that he went shopping yesterday.( )I was watching TV when the phone rang.The girl who likes dancing is my friend.主主主主主主谓谓谓谓谓谓( )( )主主谓谓主主谓谓主主谓谓一个主谓定义一个一个主谓定义一个“句子句子”，例如，例如“I met a girl i