实用英语语法课件ppt.pptx

1、 林良全 第三章名词 1. 名词的种类 A. 个体名词 汉译英练习 1）熊猫是在四川发现 2) 一个新世纪刚刚开始。 3) 多数教室都有电脑。 4) 他喜欢撒谎。 5) 她看过许多童话故事。 6) 她的梦想是当舞蹈演员。 7) 这个地区有5座湖泊。 8) 他写了100多首奏鸣曲。 9) 她父亲是一名大学教授。 10) 他反复地看着那些可爱的天鹅。 1）pandas are found in Sichuan. 2)A new century has just begun. 3) Most classrooms have computers. 4) He is fond of telling li

2、es.他喜欢撒谎。 5) She has read a lot of fairy tales. 6) Her dream was to become a dancer. 7) There are five lakes in the district. 8) He composed over a hundred sonatas. 9) Her father is a university professor. 10) He looked and looked at the lovely swans. B. 集体名词 汉译英练习 1) 我很高兴他的家人在这里。 2) 他全家人都喜欢音乐。 3) 敌

3、人遭受了严重损失。 4) 敌军正在逃窜。 5) 政府计划在这里修建一座水坝。 政府要求增加税收。 7) 公众不可能支持它。 8) 公众受了报纸的蒙蔽。 9) 学校的教师队伍很优秀。 10) 演出使观众很兴奋。 11) 整个社区都支持这个计划。 B. 集体名词 汉译英 1) Im glad his family is here. 2) His family are all music lovers. 3) The enemy has suffered heavy losses. 4) The enemy are in flight. 5) The government plans to buil

4、d a dam here. 6) The government have (has) asked to increase taxation. 7) The public was unlikely to support it 8) The public were deceived by the newspaper. 9) The schools teaching staff is (are) excellent. 10) The audience was (were) excited by show. 11) The entire community is behind the project.

5、 C. 物质名词 汉译英练习 (A) 1) 她要我和她一起去滑冰。 2）我要两份巧克力冰淇淋。 3) 我们将一起喝咖啡。 4）他们在一起喝了几十杯咖啡。 5) 你喜欢啤酒吗？ 6）请来三杯啤酒。 7) 我买了半公斤茶叶。 8）给我们两杯茶，一杯咖啡。 9) 我要一杯橙汁。 10）我要一杯番茄汁。 (A) 1) She asked me to go skating on the ice with her. 2）Two chocolate ices for me. 3) Well have coffee together. 4）They had dozens of coffee together.

6、 5) Do you like beer? 6）Three beers, please. 7)I bought half a kilo of tea. 8）Give us two teas and a coffee. 9) Ill have a glass of orange juice. 10）Ill have a tomato juice.我要一杯番茄汁。 D. 抽象名词 汉译英练习 1. 安全第一。 2. 他这样做只是因为好玩。 3. 祝你好运。 4. 今天天气怎样？ 5. 对我来说，健康比金钱更重要。 6. 看到这情况时我怒火填膺。 7. 他对我们表现出极大的关心。 8. 那男孩充满活

7、力。 9. 我对通俗音乐不感兴趣。 10. 我佩服她的勇气。 11. 我们必须厉行节约。 12. 我对她的能力很有信心。 13. 祝你快乐。 14. 我们很尊敬他。 15. 我讨厌暴力。 16. 她对孩子们很有耐心。 17. 他们于1960年宣布独立。 18). 知识就是力量。 D. 抽象名词 汉译英练习 1.satety first. 2. He only did it for fun. 3. I wish you luck. 4. How is the weather today? 5. Health is more important to me than money. 6. I was

8、 filled with anger when I saw this. 7. He showed great concern for us. 8. The boy is full of energy. 9. I have no interest in popular music. 10. I admire her for her courage. 11. We must practice strict economy. 12. I have great confidence in her ability. 13. I wish you happiness. 14. We have great

9、respect for him. 15. I hate violence. 16. She showed great patience for children. 17. They declared independence in 1960. 18).Knowledge is power. 可数名词与不可数名词 用名词的适当形式填空(1)： a _ of bread 2) a _of paper 3) a _of toothpaste 4) a _ of milk 5) a _ of soap 6) a _of jam 7) a large _of money 8) a _ of anger

10、9) a _ of clothes 10) a _ of hope 11) a _ of rice 12) a _ of thread 13) a _ of sand 14) a _ of ice 15) a _ of tea 16) a _ of gold Key 1) slice, loaf 2) sheet 3) tube 4) bottle(glass, carton) 5) Cake 6) jar 7) sum 8) fit 9) suit 10) ray 11)bowl (grain) 12) piece 13) grain 14)cube 15) pot 16) bar 用名词的

11、适当形式填空(2)： Before liberation he could hardly live on his_ (wage) . 2) One has to be especially careful under such_ ( circumstance) . 3) Our institute is in the western _ (suburb) of Beijing. 4) The school _ (authority) will take care of it. 5) The new ambassador presented his_ (credential) to the Pr

12、esident yesterday. 6) The students are making _ (preparation) for the coming festival. 7) Have you made _ (arrangement) for your trip to Qingdao? 8) Most of the houses in the village were burnt to_ (ash) during the war. 9) The truck was loaded with _ (bedding), _(suitcase) and (food). 10) When are y

13、ou to report on your _ (finding)? 11) He is making a study of freshwater _ ( fish). 12) There are more than a dozen _ (goldfish) in the bowl. 13) Now the people are eating more_ (fruit) than they did before liberation. 14) Various _ (fruit) are on sale now. 15) Please tell us about your _ (experienc

14、e) in Tibet 16) Everyone was in high _ (spirit) that day. 17) The trees are now in full _ ( blossom) . 18) The tree was covered with _ (blossom) . 19) It contained a little quantity of _(hair) ; not more than one or tow long golden _(hair) 20) They exchanged _(greeting) whenever they met each other.

15、 21) Today he is capable of natural_ ( analysis) of natural _ (phenomenon) . Key: Wages 2) circumstances 3) suburbs 4) authorities 5) credentials 6) preparations 7) Arrangements 8) ashes 9) bedding, suitcases, food 10) findings 11) fishes 12) goldfish 13) fruit 14) fruits 15) experiences 16) spirits

16、 17) blossom 18) blossoms 19) hair, hairs 20) greetings 21) analyses, phenomena 汉译英练习 1） 他是一个优秀的青年。 她年轻时弹过钢琴。 2) 他住在亲戚家。 他们之间是什么关系？ 3) 他是植物病虫害的权威。 经理有权指挥员工。 4) 大国举行了一次国际会议。 要善于运用权力。 5) 他们给我们提供日用必需品。 没有必要弄得匆匆忙忙。 6) 她年轻时是个美人儿。 旧金山是一座美丽的城市。 Key to 汉译英练习 ( 1 6) 1） Hes a good youth. she played the piano

17、in her youth. 2) He is staying with his relations. Whats the relation between them? 3) He is an authority on plant diseases. A manager has authority over his staff. 4) The great powers held an international conference. Power should be used wisely. 5) They provide our daily necessities. There is no n

18、ecessity to hurry. 6) She was a beauty when she was young. San Francisco is a city of great beauty. 7) 他们合住一个房间。 还有改进的余地。 8) 他们正在盖一所新的学校。 他16岁中学毕业。 9) 这一带有教堂吗？ 我祖父从来不做礼拜。 10) 记得给花浇水。 玫瑰开花了。 11) 假期过得好吗？ 我们正在度假。 12) 这个地区有一家综合医院。 她哪天出院的？ Key to ( 712) 7) They share a room. Theres still room for improve

19、ment. 8) They are building a new school. He finished school at sixteen. 9) Is there a church round here? Grandpa never went to church. 10) Remember to water the flowers. The roses are in flower. 11) Did you have a good holiday? Were on holiday. 12) Theres a general hospital in this area. When did sh

20、e leave hospital? 名词复数 给出下列名词的复试形式 baby, branch, tax, city, mouse, bush, place, inch, cat, roof, tooth, phenomenon, goose, dish, lake, prince, ox，mass, butterfly, handkerchief, success, holiday, house, knife, map, shelf, piano, glass, tomato, hero, month, mouth, bridge, brother-in-law, gentleman, co

21、mmander-in ,chief, grown-up, woman worker, basis, analysis, index, nucleus, erratum Key: babies , branches , taxes , cities , mice ,bushes , places , inches , cats , roofs , teeth , phenomena , geese, dishes , lakes , princes , oxen, masses, butterflies , handkerchiefs , successes , holidays , house

22、s , knives , maps ,shelves , pianos , glasses , tomatoes , heroes , months , mouths , bridges , brothers-in-law , gentlemen ,commanders-in-chief , grown-ups , women workers , bases, analyses ,indices or indexes, nuclei, errata 2. 将下列短语译成英语 1）一把剪刀 2) 一条裤子 3) 一副眼镜 4)他的所有物 5)她的积蓄 6)他的作品 7)军备竞赛 8)祝贺 9)住

23、宅 10)城郊 11)贵重物品 12)武装部队 13)物理学 14)语言学 15)经济学 16)统计学 17)数学 18)杂技 Key: 1) a pair of scissors 2) a pair of trousers 3) a pair of spectacles (glasses) 4) his belongings 5) her savings 6) his writings 7) arms race 8) congratulations living quarters 10)outskirts 11)valuables 12)armed forces 13) physics 14

24、) linguistics 15) economics 16) statistics 17) mathematics 18) acrobatics 名词所有格名词所有格 汉译英练习汉译英练习 1) 她是我妻子的表妹。她是我妻子的表妹。 2) 她是我嫂子的母亲。她是我嫂子的母亲。 3) 他打算去一家疗养院待一个星期。他打算去一家疗养院待一个星期。 4） 教师阅览室在哪里？教师阅览室在哪里？ 5) 这是约翰逊先生的办公室吗？这是约翰逊先生的办公室吗？ 6) 从那座小山上你可以鸟瞰全城。从那座小山上你可以鸟瞰全城。 7) 他们以蜗牛的速度前进。他们以蜗牛的速度前进。 我永远不会忘记那天晚上的经历。我

25、永远不会忘记那天晚上的经历。 9) 他们春节有一个礼拜的假。他们春节有一个礼拜的假。 10)我买了我买了10美元的邮票。美元的邮票。 11) 从达儿开车去大约需要两个小时。从达儿开车去大约需要两个小时。 12) 这是这座城市最美的公园。这是这座城市最美的公园。 13) 咱们在剧场门口见面吧。咱们在剧场门口见面吧。 14) 我想这是多数人的意见。我想这是多数人的意见。 15) 我在车站的咖啡厅等你。我在车站的咖啡厅等你。 他在北京大学的英语系任教。他在北京大学的英语系任教。 Key: shes my wifes cousin. 2) she is my sister-in-laws mother

26、 He is going to spend a week in a sanatorium. Where is the teachers reading-room? Is this Mr. Johnsons office? From the hill you get a birds-eye view of the city. They moved on at a snails pace. Ill never forget that nights experience. 9) They have a weeks vacation for the spring festival. 10)I boug

27、ht ten dollars worth of stamps. 11) Its about two hours drive from here. 12) Its the citys finest park. 13) Lets meet at the theatres entrance. 14) Thats the majoritys view, I think. 15) Ill wait for you at the stations coffee house. 16) He teaches at the English Department of Peking University 名词的性

28、 将下列短语译成英语 1)女神 1) goddess 11) 女房东8)landlady 2)皇后 2) empress 12) 女主席chairwomen 3)女王 3) queen 13)未婚妻13) fiance 4)公主 4) princess 14)女警察 5)女演员 5)actress 15)巫师15) wizard 6)女服务员 6) waitress 16)女巫16) witch 7)女主人 hostess 17)教士 17) priest 8)女继承人 8)heiress 18)女教士18) priestess 9)伯爵夫人 8)heiress 19)鳏夫 19) widow

29、er 10)公爵夫人 8)heiress 20)寡妇20) widow 2. 用适当的单词填空 You shouldnt miss such a _ opportunity. He left him a _ ring ( gold, golden) 2) He produced a few _coins. She has got a _ voice . (silver, silvery) 3) His report aroused great interest among the _ circles. A number of teachers of our institute are enga

30、ged in _ research. (science, scientific) 4) Pass me the _ bottle, please. The wall is of a _ colour. (milk, milky) 5) A _ hall is to be built in this city this summer. The violin is a _instrument. ( music , musical) 6) There is a _ gallery near Wangfujing Street. The book is full of _ descriptions (

31、picture, picturesque) 7) Some people like the book for its _ language. There is a _ garden in our institute. (flower, flowery) 8) Over 90 per cent of the women in our village are taking part in _ labor. All the factories in this district are engaged in the _ campaign. ( production , productive) Key:

32、 1) golden, gold 2) silver, silvery 3) science, scientific 4) milk, milky 5) music, musical 6) picture, picturesque 7) flowery, flower 8) productive, production 第四章第四章 冠词冠词 冠词的基本意义 根据需要用不定冠词或some, any 填空(1) 1) They need _ tractor driver ( _ tractor drivers) 2) The machine was inverted by _ worker (

33、_ workers) 3) He is _painter; his roommates are singers. 4) _ girl( _girls) is (are) usually quieter than _ boy(_ boys) . 5) I want _ pencil, _ envelopes and _ piece of paper. 6) This one is _ simple sentence. Those two are _ complex sentences. 7) This is _ novel written by _ English writer 8) - Did

34、 you buy _ German magazines? -No, I only bought _ English magazine and _French pictorials. 9) They want to become _ translators, but I prefer to be _ teacher. 10)_ young people all like to take part in _ activities like this. Key: 1) a (some) 2) a (some) 3) a, x 4) A (x), a (x) 5) a, some, a 6) a, x

35、 7) a, an 8) any, an, some 9) x, a 10) x, x 根据需要用冠词或some, any 填空 1) Then _ village head showed us round _ village .Many of _ houses had been rebuilt newly. _crops were all growing well. 2) None of _ books should be taken out of _room without _ permission of _ librarian. 3) - Can you tell me how to g

36、et to _ station? - Go straight down street until you come to _ bridge, From _ bridge you will see _ huge building of a yellowish colour. That is _ station. 4) _ whitewashed walls made _ rooms bright and cheerful. In one of _bedrooms I saw _ attractive curtain made of _ fine fishing nets, _ red lacqu

37、er bed and _ few chairs. 5) _ diary also recorded _ details of _ natural calamities and _ effects they had on _ agricultural production over _ years. Key: 1) the, the, the, the 2) the, the, the, the 3) the, the, a, the, a, the 4) The , the , the, an, x, a, a 5) The, x, x, the, x, the 定冠词的基本用法 根据需要用冠

38、词填空并注意所使用的定语 1） This is _ room where the First Congress of our Party was held. 2) _ art gallery is _ room where _ works of art are shown. 3) This is _ man whose picture we saw the other day in _ newspaper. 4) He is _ man whom you can always rely upon. 5) This is _ picture we took last Sunday. 6) Thi

39、s is _ picture which everyone will like. 7) Finally we got to _ place where we camped last summer. 8) Finally we got to _ place which had never been visited by _ men. 9) _ bicycles produced in this factory are of very good quality. 10) These are _ bicycles produced in Tianjin. Key: 1) the 2) An, a,

40、x 3) the, the 4) a 5) the 6) a 7) the 8) a, x 9) The 10) x 专有名词前冠词的基本用法 根据需要用冠词填空 1） _ Europe and _ America are separated by _ Atlantic ocean. 2) _ Pearl River flows into _ South China Sea. 3) _ France and _ Spain are separated by _ Pyrenees. 4) Last Sunday we visited _ Western Hills and stayed for

41、about three hours at _ Fragrant Hill. 5) This bus runs from _ Xikang Road to _ Chengdu Street. You may get off at _ Zhongshan Square and there people will tell you where _ Zhenzhi Lane is . Key: 1) x, x, the 2) The, the 3) x, x, the 4) the, the 5) x, x, x, x 抽象名词前冠词的基本用法 根据需要用冠词填空 1）He has _ great i

42、nterest in _ history, especially _ history of _ Tang Dynasty. 2) _ socialism can bring people _ true freedom and _ happiness. 3) _ world situation is most favorable to _ cause of _ peace, _ national liberation and _ socialism. 4) _ result of these changes is _ steady rise in _ rice output. 5) _ trad

43、e with _ Africa showed _ increase in _ volume of 127 per cent over that for _ previous year. 6) They suggested _ exchange of _ visitors. 7) Our culture is _ peoples culture. It reflects _ struggle and _ aspirations of _ people. Key: 1) a, x, the , the 2) x, x, x 3) The, the, x, x, x 4) A, the 5) x,

44、x, an, x, the 6) x, x 7) a, the, the, the 物质名词前冠词的用法 根据需要用冠词填空 1） _ steel,_ coal，_ grain and _ cotton are _ backbone of our national economy. 2) The area is famous for its production of _ lead, _ zinc and _ tungsten. 3) see, how well _ cotton is growing in the fields! 4) _ iron produced in this area

45、 is of very good quality. 5) Suddenly _ fire broke out in the workshop. 6) The workers immediately tried to put out _ fire. 7) Xiao Zhous clothes were soon on _ fire. 8) Finally _ wind died down. 9) _ night was still with only _ sound of _ low wind in _ trees. 10) _ gust of _ wind blew _ door open.

46、Key: 1)x, x, x, x, the 2) x, x, x 3) the 4) The 5) a 6) the 7) x 8) the 9) The, the, a, the 10) A, x, the 零冠词零冠词 根据需要用冠词填空 _(1) electricity is generated at _ (2) large power stations by _ (3) big machines known as _ (4) generators. They are, in fact, _(5) large dynamos, and are driven by _(6) powerf

47、ul engines which get their power from _(7) water or _(8) steam. _(9) electricity which gets its power from _(10) water is known as _(11) hydroelectricity. _ (12) flow of _ (13)electricity along _ (14) wire may be compared to _ (15) flow of _(16) water along _(17) pipe, and consequently it is known a

48、s _ (18) current. If you consider _ (19) water flowing along _ (20) pipe, _(21) volume of _ (22) water passing _(23) certain point in _ (24) given time is similar to _ (25) electric current. _ (26) electric current is measured in _(27) amperes. _ (28) pressure of _ (29) water in _ (30) pipe may be c

49、ompared to _ (31) electric potential. _ (32) potential is measured in _ (33) volts. _ (34) resistance of _ (35) wall of _ (36) pipe to _ (37) water current may be compared to _ (38) resistance of _ (39) wire to _ (40) electric current； i.e. _ (41) narrow pipe offers more resistance than _ (42) wide

50、pipe, and similarly, _ (43) thin wire offers more resistance than _ (44) thick wire of _ (45) same metal. _ (46) resistance is measured in _ (47) ohms Key: 1) x 2) x 3) x 4) x 5) x 6) x 7) x 8) x 9) The 10) x 11) x 12) The 13) x 14) a 15) the 16) x 17) a 18) x 19) x 20) a 21) the 22) x 23) a 24)a 25

51、) the 26) x 27) x 28) The 29) the 30)the 31) the 32) x 33) x 34) The 35) the 36) the 37)the 38) the 39) the 40) the 41) a 42) a 43) a 44) a 45) the 46) x 47) x 第四章第四章 代词代词 人称代词 汉译英 1) 对不起，我来晚了。 2) 他结婚了吗？ 没有，他是单身。 3) 她主修英语。 4) 他俩都是南方人。 5) 是谁找到海伦的表的？ 我。 6) .约翰比我小。 7) 她比他聪明。 8) 他比我唱得好。 Key: .1) Im sorr

52、y Im late. 2) -Is he married? -No，hes single. 3) She majors in English. 4) Theyre both from the South. 5) -Who found Helens watch? -Me. 6) Johns younger than me. 7) She is cleverer than him. 8) He sings better than me. II. 物主代词 汉译英 1) 这是你的领带吗？ 2) 我们的房子面临大海。 3) 她是哪国人？ 4) 猫在玩自己的尾巴。 5) 他们昨晚举行了 年度大会。 6)

53、 .政府改变了政策。 7) 他在洗脸。 8) .保管好你的东西。 Key: 1. Is this your necktie? 2. Our house looks on to the sea. 3. Whats her nationality? 4. The cat is playing with its tail. 5. They held their annual meeting last night. 6. The government has changed its policy 7. He is washing his face. 8. Take care of your belon

54、gings III. 自身代词自身代词 汉译英 1) 这事得怪他们自己。 2) 希望你们玩得高兴。 3) 让我介绍一下自己。 4) 他简直控制不住自己。 5) 她为那天晚上的行为责怪自己。 6）我不知道如何用英语表达自己。 7) 她很难养活自己。 8) 猫看到了镜子里的自己。 9) 孩子哭着哭着就睡着了。 10) 你不要过于劳累。 11) 再吃一点儿鱼吧。 12) 整个早上她忙着收拾书房。 Key: 1. They should blame themselves for it 2. I hope youll enjoy yourselves. 3. Let me introduce mysel

55、f 4. He could hardly control himself 5. She reproached herself for her behavior that evening 6.I dont know how to express myself in English 7. She had difficulty in supporting herself 8. The cat saw itself in the mirror 9. The child cried itself to sleep 10. Dont overwork yourself 11. Help yourself

56、to more fish 12. The whole morning she busied herself cleaning the study. IV.相互代词相互代词 汉译英 1) 我们彼此相识已有许多年了。 2) 是的，我们可以互相帮助。 3) 或许我们互相有影响。 4) 他们很自豪地把礼物拿出来给对方看。 5) 我们相互之间不必保密。 6) 他们的房间相互挨着。 7) 我们不常见面。 8) 他们相互交换了消息。 Key: 1. Weve known each other for many years 2. Yes, we can help each other 3. Probably

57、we influenced each other. 4. Proudly they showed their gifts to one another. 5. We dont have to keep secrets from one another. 6. Their rooms were next to each other 7. We dont see much of each other 8. They exchanged news with one another IV. 指示代词指示代词 汉译英 1) 这是我的妻子克劳迪娅。 2) 这是我们的孩子戴维和维基。 3) 这一切都可以等一

58、等。 4) 这是你第一次访问中国吗？ 5) 这些是你要的吗？ 6) 这完全不是我的意思。 7) 这就是我反对这个想法的原因。 8) 这正是症结所在。 9) 你是哪位？ 10) 我是玛丽。 11) 这是爸爸给我的。 12) 把这些给你妈带去。 13)我对那一点都不怀疑。 Key: 1. This is my wife Claudia. 2. These are our children，David and Vicky 3. This can all wait 4. Is this your first visit to China? 5. Are these what you want? 6.

59、That isnt what I meant at all. 7.Thats why I object to the idea 8. Thats where the shoe pinches. 9. Who is this? 10.This is Mary 11. Dad gave me this 12. Take these to your mother. 13. I have no doubt about that. V. 疑问代词疑问代词 汉译英 1) 谁想和我们一块儿去？ 2) 那些人是谁？ 3) 你和谁一起去的？ 4) 你在给谁写信？ 5) 你把包裹给谁了？ 6) 这是谁的错？ 7)

60、 谁的好一些，你的还是她的？ Key: 1. Who would like to go with us? 2. Who are those people? 3. Who did you go with? 4. Whom are you writing to? 5. To whom did you give the parcel? 6. Whose fault is it? 7. Whose is better, yours or hers? VI. 连接代词连接代词 汉译英 1) 我问她是谁来电话。 2) 没人能说出接下去会发生什么 。 3) 你能识别出哪一个更好吗？ 4）我问他在和谁说话。