九年级英语Unit13《We27retryingtosavetheearth!》知识点

1、九年级英语 unit13 were trying to save the earth! 知识点1.现在进行时定义：表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。结构： 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + v-ing 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + v-ing 疑问句：am/is/are + 主语 + v-ing用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。 look! the big bird is flying away. he is watching a movie now.2）表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时可能没有进行的动作。

2、right now i am studying chinese by distance learning.我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。1 ） 2）常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词，如：now, right now, at the （very） moment,for the time being, at present, these days 及 look! listen! .3）与always, constantly, forever, all the time 等副词连用，表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的责备”或表扬”之意 you are always cha

3、nging your mind.你总是主意不定。（太烦人了 ）he is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。（他真是个好人）4）对于come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly, drive等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。 he is leaving on wednesday. mary isn t here at the moment. she is coming later.2 . used to do过去常常做某事见第四单元及use用法be/get used to doing习惯于做某事be used to do=be use

4、d for doing 被用来做某事3 .被动语态见第五单元注意：接双宾语的，的被动语态；make /let /have sb do的被动语态；see/ hear/notice /find /observe/notice sb do 的被动语态； it s said/reported/believed/supposed/well-known that ;及无被动语态的三种情况（感 官动词、不及物动词、 sell/write等）4 .现在完成时：用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果yesterday i finished my homework, that s to say, i

5、 have finished my homeworknow.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续i have lived here since 1990.现在完成时的构成 have/has+过去分词现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句 he has finished the work.一般疑问句has he finished the work?否定句he has not finished the work.两回答yes ,he has. no, he hasn t.特殊疑问句 what has he done?在下列情形下用现在完成时1九词语cd already 已经 肯定句中或句尾i

6、have already found my pen. = i have foundmy pen already.yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾i have not finished the work yet.have you bought a computer yet? ever 曾经 句中 have you ever seen pandas?never 从不 句中 i have never been to beijing.just 刚刚 句中 i have just done my work. before 以前 句尾 i have never been there before.so fa

7、r 到目前为止so far he has learned 200 words. how long 多久 how long have you lived here? how many times 多少次 how many times has he been to beijing?2两词组havegone to 去了某地 例：he has gone to beijing（去了北京，没回 ）havebeen to 去过某地 例：he has been to beijing.（去过北京，回了）3两结构for two monthsfor + 段时间 jim has lived here for 2 mo

8、nths.since last year since + 过去时间点 lucy has been in beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came here since + 过去时态句子 he has been in china since he came here.4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加巴经”，往往用现在完成时态。have you lost your library book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型they have planted man

9、y trees in the last/past few years.this is the best book i have ever read.it is the first time i have played the computer games. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 例： he has bought the book for 3 years. （错） 因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用，改正的办法有：he has bought the book.（去掉一段时间 for 3 years）he bought the book 3

10、years ago（改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变）it s/it has been 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has pass ed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型it is/it has been -since-）he has had the book for 3 years.（用延续性动词 have代替buy ）另外 come/arrive/get to/reach f be herei have come here for 3 years. （错） 改为：i have been here

11、for 3 years. leave/go - be awayhe has left for 3 hours. （错）改为： he has been away for 3 hours. begin/startfbe onthe film has begun for 3 minutes. （错） 改为： the film has been on for 3 minutes. open fbe open / close f be closed the shop has opened for 3 years.（专音）改为： the shop has been open for 3 years.（错）

12、（错）marry f be marriedbecome die -be deadhis father has died for 3 years.（ 错） 改为： his father has been dead for 3 years. finish/end f be overhe has finished the work for 3 days.（ 错） 改为： the work has been over for 3 days joini have joined the army for 3 years.改为：i have been in the army for 3 years. 或 i

13、 have been a soldier for 3 years. buy /catch f havei have bought the bike for 3 years. （错） 改为：i have had the bike for 3 years.he has caught a cold for 3 days. （错） 改为： he has had a cold for 3 days. borrow f keepi have borrowed the book for 3 years. 改为：i have kept the book for 3 years. 还有其它的归纳如下：break

14、 f be broken get up f be up fbe lose f be lost5.情态动词1）情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作 谓语，只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有：can （could）, may （might）, must, need,shall （should）, will （would） 等。2）情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式，也可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。1 .can和could的用法（1）can/could 表示 能力；许可；可能性”等。could 为can的过

15、去式。如：can i use your bike?（2）can用在疑问句中，表示征求意见、请求许可，答语仍用can; could用在疑问句中，比can更委婉、客气，是一种礼貌的说法，并不表示过去时态，答语用can,而不能用 could。如：could you tell me the way to the zoo?sorry. i cant. imnew here 。注意can和could只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态，将来时中用 be able to 。 另外， cant 可表示否定推测。如： that be mr wang. he has gone tobeijing 。2 .may和mig

16、ht的用法may/might意为可以“，表示同意、许可或请求对方许可，也可表示祝愿。may的否定形式为 may not。 might是may的过去式，有两种用法：一种表示过去式； 一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气，或表示可能性更小。以 may开头的 一般疑问句，其否定回答用 mustnt,而不用 may not。如：i use your pen? 我可以用你用的钢笔吗？you may put on more clothes. may you be happy!might i borrow some money now?he might be alive.3 .must的用法must意为必

17、须，一定，准是，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，或命令、要求别 人做某事以及对事物的推测。否定形式mustnt,表示不得，定不要如：i finish my work today 。 you mustnt drive after drinking 。(1)must与have to的区别：must表示说话人的主观意愿；have to表示客观需 要。如：i must do my homework first 。 it is raining hard outside; i stay at home 。(2)回答由must引导的疑问句的提问肯定回答：yes,must. 如： must i go home n

18、ow? yes, you must.否定回答：no , neednt./no , dont/doesnt have to.must i go home now? no, you.(3)must表示对事物的推测，意为 想必；一定：只用于肯定句中；表 推测”时， 情态动词与动词原形， (常为be动词)连用，如：the man must be our teacher 。4 .need的用法(1)need表示 需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。其否定形式为neednt ,表示没有必要，不必”;对由need构成的疑问句进行回答时，其肯定回答用 must,否定回答用 neednt 。如 need w

19、e do some cleaning now?yes, you must.no, you neednt.(2)need还可作实义动词，常用于下列结构：人：need to do sth 需要做某事。如 i need to learn more.物：need doing某物需要被做=need to be done。如： my hair needs cutting. =my hair needs to be cut. need + 名词或代词。如： all living things need water.5.shall 和 should 的用法shall用于第一人称的句子中，表示提建议或请求；sh

20、ould用于各种人称的句子中，强调义务或责任，意为应该。如： we go out for a walk?you should study hard at school 。should have done 主要有两个用法：用于推测过去已经发生的情况。如：he should have arrived by now.用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如：you should have told me so before.6 .will和would的用法will用于第二人称疑问句时，表示征求意见或提建议；would为will的过去式,可用于多种人称，表示意愿。如： will you have a l

21、ittle soup?would have done 主要有两个用法：表猜测过去”i guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.表过去本会发生，而实际并未发生”，没有责备之意。i would have written before but i have been ill.本来我是会写信的，但是由于我生病了。(用来说明某一情况，没有责备之意)7 .have tohave to的陈述句形式肯定式：have to + 动词原形i have to tidy my room. 我得整理房间. 否定式

22、：dont (doesnt) + have to +动词原形 you dont have to go if you dontwant to.have to的一般疑问句形式及简略答语have to的一般疑问形式必须借助助动词do或does :do you have to look after your sister? yes,i do./ no,i dont.have to 的特殊疑问句形式 what do you have to do on sundays?have to可用于各种时态a、一般现在时：i have to visit mr wang.b、一般过去时：that night we h

23、ad to walk home because there was no bus.c、一般将来时：well have to ask zhang ming instead.d、与 may 连用：i think he may have to help his dad in the garden.8.ought toought to的肯定式应当，应该you dont look well. you ought to go to see the doctor.ought to的否定式和疑问式ought to的否定形式是ought后直接加not构成，其否定形式可缩写为oughtnt。one ought n

24、ot (oughtnt) to cross the street against the red light.ought to的疑问式是将ought提到句首构成。-ought we to do it at once? yes, you ought to.he ought to be here now, shouldnt (oughtnt) he?“ought to + have + done 表示过去应做某事而实际未做you ought to have told me that (but you didnt). 这时 ought to 和 should 可以互换 使用。1.litter/rub

25、bish/garbage/waste/trashgarbage和rubbish含义相同，garbage 美国英语，而 rubbish英国英语。这两个词词义较为具体，指必须及时清除的剩余物，比如厨房里的垃圾，生活垃圾等等。litter指公共场所丢弃的小片/块垃圾，如纸片、塑料袋、易拉罐、饮料瓶等。waste作名词用时可表废物”的总称。另：waste time in doing sth浪费时间做某事take out the trash 倒垃圾2 .at the bottom of 在.底部/at the top of 在.顶部he shouted at the top of his voice i

26、n order that he might be heard.3 .advantage-disadvantage1 ). have/gain/get the (an) advantage over (of) 优于， 比 占有优势。如： you have the advantage over (of) me in experience.你经验比我丰富。有时用动词gain, get等。如：they gained an advantage over the enemy. 他1 比敌人占优势。2 ). take advantage of=make (full) use of(1)利用(机会、时机等)。

27、they took advantage of the fine weather to play tennis.(2)禾1j用(某人的处境、弱点等 )。he always took full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.(3)欺骗(某人)，捉弄(某人),占(某人的)便宜。he has always been taking advantage of me.3 ). to sb s advantage某人有利。it will be to your advantage to study abroad.4 .四个花费句型人：spend 钱/时

28、间 on sth. spend 钱/时间 in doing sth. spent人：pay 钱 for sth. pay-paid-paid 物：sth. cost sb.钱 cost-cost-costit takes sb. 时间 to do sth. take-took-taken5 .be harmful to=do harm to 对一 有害 smoking is harmful to the health.=smoking does harm to your health6 .参加辨析join join in & take part in attend7 .afford to do

29、 sth 担负得起干某事 常与 can, could, be able to 连用 he told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.他告诉我公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。8 .turn短语turn in 归还 you must turn in your equipment before you leave the army. turn on 打开 could you turn on the light, please ? turn off 关掉(煤气,水，电，收音机， 电视机等)don t forget t

30、o turn off the light when you leave. turn up出现，至u达 开大音量 he promised to come but hasn t turned up yet. i can t hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit ? turn down 关/j、 拒绝(refuse) canyou turn the tv down? i m trying to get some sleep. he tried to join the army but was turned down because

31、of poor health. turn out （to be） +adj./n.证明是，结果是the experiment turned out to be a great success. turn/change into 把变成,译成 turn the following sentences into chinese, please. turn to 翻至l 求助于 1）please turn to page10. 2）the child turned to his mother for comfort. turn over 翻身，翻转 she turned over and went

32、to sleep.9 .throw away扔掉，丢弃 错过（机会、优势或好处）he threw away the old sofa. dont throw away this opportunity. 10.work work n.工作；（音乐、艺术）作品；工厂 v.工作 he has much work to do.（u）the man gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.（做 作品”讲，为可数名词，但常用复数） the glass works is/are near the station.玻璃厂在车站附近。（做 工

33、厂”讲，只用复数形式，但谓语动词单复均可） 英语中有些名词，单复数形式意义有差别。manner 方式， 方法 manners 礼貌， 礼仪arm 胳膊arms武器water 水 waters 海水，水域wood 木头woods 森林11.bring back 归还； 使想起these books must be brought back within a week .your article brought back sad memories for me.bring up :抚养长大 bring in :弓 i进 bring forward :提出 bring about :带来，造12.i

34、nspiration n inspire v 激励13 .try to do =try/do one s best t（djo 去做某事。try doing sth. 尝试做某事every student should try to study hard in order to study in a university.14 .be related to 与有关i am not related to him in any way.我和他无任何关系。15 . play a part in doing sth 在方面起作用a good diet plays a large part in hel

35、ping people live longer. 16.turn/change into （使）变成 joan is turning into quite a skilled musician. 译成 please turn this into english.17 . make a difference （to 表示（对）产生影响或作用 the new teacheralways encourages little tom. this has made a big difference to him.18 . no longer意思是 不再”有两个短语和 no longer 同义，ip no

36、t - any longer 和notany more ,但他们侧重 的方面不同。no longer 和 not - any longer 侧重时间。e.g. he no longer lives here.= he doesn t live here any longer.他不在这儿居住了。（一个时间以前他住在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开了。）not any more =no more 侧重侧重程度和数量you can drink n o more. = you can t drink any more.你不能再喝了。（喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。）19 .not only -

37、but also 不仪而且”；其中的also有时可以省略。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。not only did my aunt teach at school, but （also） she wrote articles for newspapers.20 .the number of 的数量，谓语用单三a number of.大量的，谓语用原形当表示数值的高或低时，number要用high或low修饰。当表达数量多，少

38、 large/smallin that country, the number of children going to school is higher in cities than in towns and village.在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。常与number搭配的动词有grow, fall等。the number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently. 近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。the doctor told me to cut down smoking and drinki

39、ng.cut up 切碎cut off切断，停止33.especially 尤其，特别be full of =be filled with 充满noise/air/water/land pollution 噪音，空气，水，陆地污染 o. 扔进cause the problem弓 i 起麻烦write to sb.=write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter给某人写信clean up 打扫干净 used to do过去常常做某事too much 太多 +u/too many 太多 +cs/much too 太.play a part in

40、cut down instead of+doing 代替 rather than make a differencearound here=near here 在附近 lead to 导入idea for doing sth.solve the problems 解决问题solution n.解决take the+交通工具 =by+交通工具 help/work起作用 remember to do/doing forget to do/doing hear of /about 听说hear from sb.=get/receive a letter from sb.收至 u某人来信be harm

41、ful to=do harm to the food chain 食物链 the whole +n=all the + nbe in danger=be endangeredfall by over 90 percent 下降 90%increase by 是增加了多少 increase to 是增加至多少21 .put sth. to good use好好禾 u 用22 .build/make . out of 用建造 /制造he built a model ship out of wood.他用木头造了 个模型船。23 .the top of the house is an old boa

42、t turned upside down.turned upside down 意为 被翻转过来的；被颠倒过来的“，做后置定语修饰boat。 24.be made of 和 be made from25 . be known for 因而著名be known as 作为而著名be known to 对于某人来说是著名的26 .bring sb/sth back to life使复活，给 以活力;27 . rethink, reuse, recycle, reduce!re-是最常用的前缀之一re-表示以下三方面的意义：1）表示 回“或 向后”的意思。return （回来）recall （回忆，

43、召回）retract （缩回，取 回）2）表示再、重新、重复”的意思。rethink （再思考）reuse （再运用）restart （重 新开始）recycle （再利用）3）表示相反、反对的意思。rebel （反叛，谋反）reverse（反转，颠倒）resist（反抗，抵抗）28 . she is a most unusual woman.un-前缀，第一，表示否定意义。第二，表示 反动作即相反的动作”。uncomfortable 不舒月艮的 unending 无尽的 unfortunate 不幸的 unusual 不平常的 unkind不仁慈的 unbind解开，释放 uncover揭开

44、的盖子 unearth由地下掘出unbutton解开钮扣29 .-ive是形容词后缀 一般表示有的create + -ive = creative30 .recent + -ly = recently 形容，加 ly 变副词31 .amy is an inspiration （n. 灵感）to us all.后缀-tion附在动词后面构成名词1）当单词最后是t, d, te, de时，变名词加tion或者ation, ition ；2）当单词最后是元音字母时，变名词加sion等。32 . cut down 砍倒，减少the little boy cut down the young tree

45、with an axein the last/past 20 years 在过去的 20 年 begin with sth 以为开始 add up 累加add- - to 加stop to do/doing take action 采取行动 pull - down拆迁推到 set up=establish 建立 the best way to do sth = the best way of doing做某事的最佳方法34. .write a letter to the city major about the problem and your suggestions.in your lett

46、er, describe the environmental problems in your town/city. what are the problems? where are they? what or who is causing these problems?then, give suggestions or possible ways to solve the problems.i think that we should/ could i suggest dear sir/ madam,environmental problems are becoming more and m

47、ore serious all over the world.with the development of the society, there are too many cars on the streets in our city. cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe. black smoke and poisonous gas are given off by factories. factories also put waste into the river. and wherever we go, we ca

48、n find rubbish.now more and more people have realized these problems. i think that governments should close down the factories and develop laws to stop people from driving cars every day. i suggest everyone in this town should help to clean up the river and the streets. we should call on everyone in

49、 the town to throw rubbish in the dustbins.i hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.35. land pollution 土地污染36. fill the air with black smoke 使空气中充满了 黑烟37. use public transportation使用公共交通38. recycle books and paper回收书和废纸39. use paper napkins 使用纸巾

50、【重点句子】1. even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. 即使河底都充满垃圾。2. everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up. 城里的每个人者 b 应当尽 一份力把它清理干净。3. the air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days.空气被严重污染因为如今路上的汽车太多了。4. to cut down air pollution, we should take

51、the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。5. i used to be able to see stars in the sky.我过去能在天空中看至u星星。6. the air has become really polluted around here. i m getting very worried.这儿的空气真的已经被污染了，我非常担心。7. no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.没有科学研究说明鱼

52、鳍对人们的健康有好处。【单元知识点】1. cost vt.1.花费；价格为；值例句：it must cost a good deal to live here.住在这里一定要花很多钱的拓展：take, spend , cost , pay的用法都可以表示 花费”，但用法却不尽相同。1) spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1) spend time /money on sth. 在上花费时间 (金钱)。例：i spent twohours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time /money (in) doing sth.花费

53、时间(金钱)做某事。例： they spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了 他们两年时间。(3) spend money for sth.花钱买例：his money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了。2) cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示 值”，常见用法如下：(1)sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱，某物花了(某人)多少钱。例：a new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间，某物

54、(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。 例： remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量 时间才记住了这些单词。注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。3) take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：(1) it takes sb. +时间+ to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例：it took themthree years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2) doing sth. takes sb.十时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。例：repairi

55、ng thiscar took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。4) pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买例：i have to pay them20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付 20英磅的房租。(2) pay for sth. 付的钱。例：i have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3) pay for sb.替某人付钱。例： don?痍 t worry!ill pay for you.别担心，我会给你付钱

56、的。(4) pay sb.付钱给某人。例：they pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。(5) pay money back 还钱。例：may i borrow 12 yuan from you? ill pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。(6) 6) pay off ones money 还清钱。2. this method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境有害。(1) not only - but also意为不仅而且”用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其中的 also有时可以省略。如：she not only plays well, but also writes music.她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。he not only