职称英语考试综合类B级考试小抄精华版

1、第十篇 working motherscarefully conductedresearchesthahave followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-termproblems, ompared with children whose mothers stayed at home. my personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. whether we like it or not, t

2、hereare a number of mothers who just have to work. there are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishinga career that they cannot afford to see it lost. then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity . many mothers are not cut out to be full-time parents.

3、 after a few months at home with a much loved infan, they feel trapped and isolated.there are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare. these range from child minders and nannies) through to granny or the kind lady across the street. in reality , however,many parents dont have any cho

4、ice; they have to accept anything they can get. be prepared! no matter how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protestwildly if they are left. this is a perfectly normal stage of child development. babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a

5、crush on mum and close family members . make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of time to help your child settle in.all children are different. some are independent, while others are more attached to their mothers. remember that if you want to do the best for your children, its not the qu

6、antity of time you spend with them，its the quality that matters*第七篇 the difference between man and computer what makes people different from computer programs? what is the missing elementthat our theories dont yet account for? the answer is simple: people read newspaper stories for a reason: to lear

7、n more about what they are interested in. computers, on the other hand, dont. in fact, computers dont even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. if a computer program_ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a purpose

8、. of course, people have several goals that do not make sense to attribute to computers. one might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment(n. goals, or to find a good place to go for a business lunch. computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches

9、. however, these physiological(adj. and social goals give rise to several intellectual(adj or cognitivegoals. a goal to satisfy hunger gives rise togoals to find information about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is,the location of the rest

10、aurant, etc. these are goals to _ acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning _ goals. these goals can be held by computers too; a computer might_ want to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. while such a goal

11、 would not arise out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the goal to learn more about restaurants.*第九篇 the first bicycle第一辆自行车第一辆自行车 the history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. in 1791, count de sivrac delighted onlookersin a park in paris as he showed off

12、 his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celerifer. it was basically an enlarged version of a childrens toy which had been in use for many years. sivracs celerifer had a wooden frame, made in the shape of a horse, which was mounted on a wheel at either endto ride it, you sat on a small seat,

13、 just like a modem bicycle,and pushed hard against the ground with your legsthere were no pedals. it was impossible to steera celerifer and it had no brakesbut despite these problems the invention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of paris. soon they were holding races up and down the

14、streets. minor injuries were common as riders attempted a final burs of speed . controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the celerifer and turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. celerifers were not popular for long,h

15、owever,as the combination of no springs(, no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. even so,the wooden celerifer was the origin of the modem bicycle.阅读理解：第二十九篇 ill be bach我也能成为巴赫1. the music composed by david cope is about classicamusic. a classical music 2. by developing a co

16、mputer software,david cope aimed c to write an opera. 3. what did cope realize about a great composers brain? d it creates an accurate database.4. who is emmy? b a computer software5. we can infer from the passage that d emmy did much more work than a composer.第十九篇the family家庭 1. another good title

17、for this passage would be_. a) what makes a family?2. a nuclear family is defined as_.a) a married couple with their minor children3. the information in this passage would most likely be found in_.a) an anthropology textbook4. the information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through _. c)

18、pointing out similarities 5. the word mobility活动性, 灵活性, 迁移率, 机动性means_.b) readiness to move 第二十四篇the romance of arthur亚瑟的浪漫1. king arthurs famer was d. uther pendragon2. the writer seems to feel that the truth about arthur is that he _.a. existed综合群385443. the information in the second paragraph is

19、mostly presented in _.c. order from earliest to latest4. in the last paragraph the word “exhumed” means _a. dug up from the grave5. another good title for this passage would be _c. real or legend?第二十篇tales of the terrible past讲述可怕的过去1. this passage is mostly about_.这篇文章主要讲什么?d) two novels that deal

20、with slavery2. beloved is set_.“宠儿”的设置背景是什么?c) in ohio after the civil war3. the writer seems to feel that_.作者的感觉是什么?b) the books are worthwhile but challenging4. the writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their_.作者强调两部作品的共同之处是什么?d) portrayal of violence5. the word appalling令人震惊的, 骇人听闻的

21、 means_.a) terrible 第二十三篇the only way is up只好向上1. .these are cities concerned with the past in the first paragraph refer to cities thatc) want to maintain their traditional image.2. the difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies inb) the lack of a device to carry people upwar

22、d.3. when otis came up with the idea of a lift,d) most people had doubt about its safety.4. which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now?b) uninteresting.5. psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour becaused) in a lift the bubble of

23、personal space breaks.第二十六篇seeing the world centuries ago看许久以前的世界 1. this passage is mostly about_这篇文章主要讲了什么?c) where three early travel writers went and wrote about2.ibn battutah traveled_. ibn battutah到过哪里旅行?c) throughout the muslim word3. the books bf the three writers were popular because_.三位作家的

24、作品都很受欢迎，原因是什么?b) they told of strange and exotic locales4. the overall organization of this passage is through_.这篇文章的整体布局是依照什么?a) chronological order按年代顺序排列的5. in this passage attest means to_.d) give proof of 第二十七篇importance of services服务业的重要性1. the first paragraph intends to tell us thatb. service

25、s are important. 2. between 1966 and 1986, the united states created abouta. 32.4 million service jobs. 3. many economists, business and labor leaders and politicians believe thata. most of the explosive growth in service employment is not in low-paying jobs.4. the importance of services can be show

26、nc. by money spent on business services as well as on consumer services.5. what does the writer of this passage disapprove of regarding services now?c. their prices. *阅读判断 第七篇：moderate earthquake strikes england中度地震袭击英国1during the april 28 earthquake, the whole england was left without power. bwrong

27、 2the channel tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred. cnot mentioned3it was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured, but not seriously. aright 4france and several other european countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the british doctors.cn

28、ot mentioned5the countrys strongest earthquake took place in london in 1580. bwrong 6musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast england sooner or later. aright 7it can be inferred from the passage that england is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. aright 阅读判断 第九篇 whatis

29、 a dream?1.not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.aright2.according to freud, people dream about things that they cannot talkabout.aright3.jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.bwrong 4.in the past, people believed that dreams involved emotions.cnot mentioned5.acco

30、rding to domhoff, babies do not have the same ability to dreamas adults do.aright6.men and women dream about different things.aright7.scientists agree that dreams predict the future.bwrong 补全短文 第四篇 the first four minutesa.in reply, dr. zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfor

31、table about changing our social habits.b.much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.c.in his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.d.every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your

32、 undivided attention for four minutes.e.he keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.f.he is eager to make friends with everyone.补全短文 第九篇 style,not fashiona.it is a way of capturing something vibrant,making a statement ab

33、out ourselves in clothes.b.fashion is part of sty1e.c.rather, you focus on what is personallysuitable and expressive.d.you cant have style until you have a senseof who you are.e.they create a unique identity for themselvesand express it through grooming and a few well-chosen clothes.f.people want to

34、 be themselves and to be seenas themselves.第六篇mobile phonesc“if mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said.bby the year 20004 it is estimated that australia will have 8 million mobile phones ：nearly one for every two peopl

35、e.efor example, telstra, optus and vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.ahe says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults6.dthen who finances the rese

36、arch?第七篇the worlds longest bridgec if true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping (呼晡而过)across the messina strait bridge.b what do the worlds longest bridges have in common?e the second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individu

37、al steel wires.f they will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons more than half the bridges total mass.d theyre what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.第十篇 1.ants as a barometer of ecological changef others will die out for lack of food.d they do this by sorting the ants, counting their numbers an

38、d comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.a this allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.b yet in other businesses, such as farming and property development, ant surveys arent used widely.5、c employing those people are expensive.二十四 the romance of art

39、hur亚瑟的浪漫（2015新增）most cultures have some sort类 of hero whorepresents the best values of what its people believe in. the unusual thingabout想起 king arthur is that legends传奇 of his heroism英雄事迹 have persisted持续 for several centuries and spread far beyond冲出 england, the place where they began.很多文化都有某类能代表他

40、们民族所深信的价值观的英雄。有关亚瑟王的非同寻常的事迹就是他的英雄事迹。这些传奇已经持续了几个世纪，并且影响力早已冲出了它的诞生地英国。the earliest stories of king arthur represent him as a warrior who fought and subdued征服 the invading侵入 norsemen in the years around大约 a. d. 700. this much of the arthurian tale传说 is probably大概 based on fact. whether called arthur or

41、 not, there is a body of evidence证据 supporting the existence存在 of such a warrior. it is the later embellishments修饰 of the tale whose authenticity真实性 is questionable可疑的. according to根据 these, arthur was born in a castle 城堡in tintagel on the stormy 暴风雨western coast of england and because he was the il

42、legitimate 私生的son of king uther pendragon首领, he was spirited精力充沛 away by the magician巫师 merlin and his true identity身份 kept from隐瞒 him. he became king after freeing the sword权力 excalibur亚瑟王的神剑 from the stone into which it was thrust插入. he married the beautiful guinevere and assembled召集 in his court宫

43、廷 all the noblest 贵族的knights骑士 of the land国家, including lancelot ,with whom guinevere吉尼维尔would later be unfaithful不忠实的 to him. he was finally defeated战败 in battle战争 by his illegitimate son mordred, and his body was spirited away to the isle岛屿 of a valon.在有关亚瑟王早期的故事中，亚瑟王的形象是一个战士，他在公元700年抗击并且震慑住了入侵的北欧

44、人。许多有关亚瑟王的故事基本是基于事实。大量证据证明是有这样一个战士存在的，无论他是否叫做亚瑟。之后这些故事的真实性受到质疑。根据这些故事，我们知道亚瑟出生在位于英国西海岸廷塔杰尔的一座城堡里，这里经常狂风暴雨。由于亚瑟是国王uther pendragon的私生子，所以他被巫师merlin偷偷地带走，并且隐瞒了他的真实身份。在他拔出插在石头里的王者之剑之后，他成为了国王。他娶了美丽的guinevere，并且召集所有贵族骑士来到他的王宫，这其中就包括lancelot，后来guinevere背叛了亚瑟王和lancelot在一起。亚瑟王最终在决斗中被他的私生子mordred打败，他的尸体被偷偷地运到

45、阿瓦隆岛上。this romantic tale greatly appealed吸引力 to the english and the french in the middle ages中世纪, when the code of chivalry-idea骑士精神的理想l qualities品质 of knighthood-constituted骑士精神构成 an important part of many stories. tales of the her heroism of galahad, percival, gawain, and many other of arthurs kni

46、ghts were circulated传播 as well.亚瑟王的传奇故事对中世纪的英国人和法国人很有吸引力。在当时骑士精神，也就是骑士的最理想的品质，是那个时代的故事中很重要的一部分。galahad，percival，gawain，以及其他亚瑟王的骑士的英雄主义故事也都传播开来。in england today, there are many sites 府邸claiming声称 apiece各自的 of the arthurian an legend传说. there is a mined发掘的 castle at tintagel. near glastonbury are the

47、remains遗迹 of an ancient古代 abbey修道院 where arthurs and guineveres bodies were supposedly exhumed挖掘出来 in the 12th century. neither of these proves that the legend is true, but they do keep its mystique神秘 alive.在今天的英国，有许多地方都宣称自己是亚瑟王传奇遗址的一部分。廷塔杰尔还有一座被发掘出来城堡。格拉斯顿堡附近还有一座古代修道院的遗迹，据说是亚瑟王和guineverer的尸体在12世纪就在

48、这里被挖掘出来。这些都不能证明传奇的真实性，但是它们却让这种神秘气氛延续下去。十九 the family（家庭）the structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. the familys form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. until recently, the most common form in north america was the nucle

49、ar family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children. the nuclear family is an independent unit. it must be prepared to fend for itself. individual family members strongly depend on one another. there is little help from outside the family in emergencies. elderly relatives of a nuclear

50、 family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. in north america，the elderly often do not live with the family; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.在全世界，甚至在同一个社会中，家庭结构有着不同的形式。家庭的构成形式随着不断变化 的社会和经济影响而改变。直到最近，北美洲最普遍的家庭形式为核心家庭，由一对夫妇和他们未成年的孩子构成。核心家庭是一个独立的单位。它必须能够照料

51、自己。家庭成员紧密依赖着彼此。 在紧急情况下，外界提供给家庭的帮助微乎其微。核心家庭中，只有当条件允许的时候，才会照料家中年长的亲属。在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活，他们一般住在退休社区和养老机构。there are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies，such as north。在工业社会，例如北美洲，核心家庭之间有很多相似点。america，and of families in societies such as that of the inuits，who live in harsh env

52、ironments. the nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. in harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. for north americans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.在居住在恶劣环境中的因纽特人的社会中，家庭间也有很多相似点。核心家庭结构良好地适应于流动性的生活。在恶劣的条件下， 流动性能让一个家庭吃

53、饱饭。对北美洲人来说，找工作和提高社会地位同样需要流动性。the nuclear family was not always the north american standard. in a more agrarian time，the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. this might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. in north a

54、merica today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. twice as many households in the united states are headed by divorced，separated，or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. the structure of the family，not just in north america, but throughout the

55、 world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.核心家庭并不总是北美洲人的标准。在农业社会时期，小型的核心家庭经常是大家庭的一部 分。其中可能包括了祖父母、父母、兄弟姐妹、叔伯、阿姨以及表兄弟姐妹。在现在的北美洲， 单亲家庭的数目大幅度增加。由核心家庭构成的单亲家庭的数目是美国由于离婚、分居或者未婚 导致的单亲家庭的两倍。不仅在北美洲，在世界范围内，家庭结构都会随着不断变化的条件而改变。二十九 ill be bach（我也能成为巴赫） 2014年新增composer作曲家 david cope is the inve

56、ntor of a computer program that writes original原创的 works of classical古典 music. it took cope 30 years to develop the software. now most people cant tell the difference between music by the famous german composer j. s. bach (1685-1750) and the bach-like compositions from copes computer.作曲家大卫科普发明了一个电脑软

57、件，它能编写出古典音乐的原创作品。科普花了 30年才完成这个软件，现在，科普的电脑写出的作品与德国著名作曲家j.s.巴赫写的作品很相似，很少有人能分辨出其中不同。it all started in 1980 in the united states, when cope was trying to write an opera. he was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. at first this music was not easy to listen to. what did cope do? he began to rethink how human b